The Effect of Parents’ Socio-economic Status and Learning

Environments on Student Achievements

Herna Valentina Sitorus

, Samuel B. T. Simorangkir

, Khoirul Pahmi

and Juliani

Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan –Indonesia

Universitas Nommensen HKBP, Medan –Indonesia

Keywords: Parents’ Socio-Economic Status, Learning Environment, Learning Achievement

Abstract: This research aims to determine the effect of parents' socio-economic status and learning environment on

student achievements. This research was carried out in the Business Education Study Program of Economics

Faculty, State University of Medan. This type of research was exposited facto with the sampling technique

using random sampling technique or randomly from 103 students who were sampled, there’re 52 students.

Data collection instruments in this research were observation, documentation, and questionnaires. The

results of multiple linear regression calculations are Y = 2.731 + 0.119X1 + 0.104X2. The results of it

indicate that the hypothesis is accepted that there is a positive and significant influence on parents’ socio-

economic status and the learning environment on student achievement.

1 INTRODUCTION

Education is one of the fields of development that is

prioritized for its implementation as an effort to

achieve one of the national goals, namely to educate

the nation’s life. Through education, there will be

changed in one's behavior, from those who did not

know before knowing and understanding something.

According to Act No.20 of 2003 concerning the

National Education System That "education is a

conscious and planned effort to realize a learning

atmosphere and learning process so that students

actively develop their potential to have spiritual,

religious, self-control, personality, intelligence,

Noble character, as well as the skills needed by him,

society, nation and state.

Based on this understanding above, formal

education is very important for everyone so that

individuals can develop their potential and will be

useful for themselves, society, nation and country.

The strategic position in the field of education in the

development of the nation must always be sought to

improve the quality and quantity by existing

educational institutions.

Higher education as one of the institutions that

has the task and function to strive for, enhance and

foster the potential of the students in order to have a

quality in the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed

in the life of society, nation and state. One measure

of educational success is academic achievement of

students. Students in this case are students who are

still in transition and adjustment. Adolescents

generally can’t be separated from problems that can

affect their academic performance.

According to Syah (2010) that achievement is

the level of success of students achieving the goals

set in a program. Achievement is a person's real

ability as a result of doing a certain activity that can

be measured.

Table 1: Learning Achievement Students of

Business Education Study Program Alumni 2016

No GPA The Total of

Students

2,01-3,00 25 24%

3,01-3,24 27 26%

3,25-3,49 39 38%

3,50-3,74 10 10%

3,75-4,00 2 2%

Total 103 100%

(Source : List of Semester Grades 1V 2017/2018)

From the achievement index table above, it can

be seen that only 12% of students who have an

achievement index from 3.50 and above.

Good education is certainly influenced by many

factors. According to Slameto (2010) there are 2

Sitorus, H., Simorangkir, S., Pahmi, K. and Juliani, .

The Effect of Parents’ Socio-economic Status and Learning Environments on Student Achievements.

DOI: 10.5220/0009497801650170

In Proceedings of the 1st Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science (UNICEES 2018), pages 165-170

ISBN: 978-989-758-432-9

165

factors that influence learning achievement, namely

internal and external factors. Internal factors include

the level of ability, motivation, talent, and also

interest, while external factors such as family

circumstances, parents' socio-economic status, and

learning environment.

Today, especially in Indonesia, there are many

parents who can’t afford to meet their children's

expensive educational needs. In the family, parents

have very heavy duties and obligations, especially in

fulfilling all the needs of the child, both daily needs

and needs in children's education.

Slameto (2010) states that the family's economic

condition is closely related to children's learning.

Children who are learning other than having to

fulfill their basic needs, such as food, clothing,

protection, health, etc., also need learning facilities

such as study rooms, tables, chairs, lighting,

stationery, books, and others.

In reality in real life many parents who have low

socio-economic status find it difficult to meet their

children's educational needs. With this situation, it

will be difficult for the them to obtain information

from outside because they are not supported by the

facilities. They are also not supported by enough

money to buy books.

Most of the students with families’ low

socioeconomic status backgrounds besides learning,

they also try to find a side job to get additional fees

from parents.

In addition to the parents’ socio-economic status,

one that supports learning achievement is the

learning environment. Students who have high

knowledge but the location of learning is in the

midst of an unfavorable community environment,

the environment will have an unfavorable impact on

students learning achievement. Instead a pleasant

learning environment, not threatening, encouraging,

and optimism for students in learning, tends to

encourage someone to learn.

According to Slameto (2010) that the learning

environment should be calm, do not be disturbed by

the surroundings from around. For learning, mind

concentration is needed.

Based on the observations which is made by

researchers on 2016 in Business Education Study

Program of the students on February 15, 2018, they

had not only experienced problems in the campus

environment, but there were also students who

experienced problems in the family environment and

the community.

Tabel 2: Parents’ (Father) Education Level of

Business Education Students Alumni 2016

No Education Level %

Graduated from 17%

Undergraduate

Graduated from Senior

High School

35%

Graduated from Junior

High School

24%

Graduated from

Primary School

24%

Total 100%

(Source: Data of business Education Students on

2016)

Tabel 3: Parents’ (Mother) Education Level of

Business Education Students Alumni 2016

No Education Level %

Graduated from

Undergraduate

17%

Graduated from Senior

High School

36%

Graduated from Junior

High School

24%

Graduated from Primary

School

23%

Total 100%

Tabel 4: Parents’ Income Presentation The Students

of Business Education Study Program 2016

Class >Rp3.000.0

= Rp

1.000.000

–Rp

3.000.000

= Rp

5.00.000

– Rp

1.000.000

A Reguler 20% 40% 40%

B Reguler 13% 46% 41%

C Ekstensi 62% 21% 17%

(Source: Data of business Education Students on

2016)

Based on the table data above, it can be seen that

the conditions of socio-economic status of various

students’ parents. The parents' economic income has

an effect on the ability to finance their children's

education and complete their learning needs. So that

the situation can be said as one of the factors

influencing the socio-economic status of learning

achievement.

Every student in principle has the right to get

opportunities in achieving satisfactory achievements

in various fields, especially in education field. But in

reality it seems clear that students have differences

in intellectual abilities, physical abilities, learning

approaches and most importantly the family's

economic background which is sometimes very

striking between one of students with other students

UNICEES 2018 - Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science

166

which has an impact on students learning

achievement.

In fact, seeing these two factors, there are still

many parents who pay less attention to their

children's education, where parents socio-economic

status and parents' income affect student

achievement and learning environment that are less

supportive so that students themselves are less eager

in learning.

2 THEORICAL REVIEW

Parents’ Socio-Economic Status

According to Soekanto (2003: 53) Socio-economic

status is a condition or socially regulated position in

a particular position in the structure of society, the

provision of this position is accompanied by a set of

rights and obligations that are only fulfilled by the

bearer of status, namely: education, employment,

income and dependents of parents.

The economic condition of parents in daily life

depends on two interrelated things, namely the

existence of unlimited family needs, both in quantity

and quality, and the number of resources available to

fulfilled these needs is limited above.

From the definition above, it can be emphasized

that social status is the position of someone who

influences that person in a different group between

individuals and positions, having an order that is not

separated. Whereas socio-economic status is more

directed at the income a person has. The socio-

economic status of parents determines the level of

experience in a person's life.

According to Iman (2013) states that socio-

economic status or socio economic status is a socio-

economic ranking or stratification of society that is

compiled based on independent agency research.

Based on some of the meanings above, it can be

concluded that the notion of parents' socio-economic

status is an economic condition which is reflected in

the extent to which activities or businesses are

carried out by the family in the community to fulfill

their needs.

The Indicators used in measuring socio-

economic status include parents' education, parents'

work and parents' income, number of dependents

and type of residence.

1. Education Level

According to Amrizal (2013) in the Constitution of

the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 CHAPTER 1

Article 1 paragraph 1 of 2003 concerning the

National Education System states: Education is a

conscious and planned effort to realize a learning

atmosphere and learning process so that students

actively develop their potential to have spiritual

spiritual strength, self-control, personality,

intelligence, morals noble, as well as the skills

needed by him, society, nation and state.

2. Work

Work is one of the activities that can be earned to

make money or reward. The work is not just done,

but also requires expertise and responsibility for

what is done.

3. Revenue

Revenue is the whole result of the work of the head

of the family and other family members which is

realized in the form of money and goods.

4. Number of Parents' Dependents

The number of dependents of parents will affect the

socioeconomic status of parents. Dependents are

family members who are not productive yet. The

more dependents in a family, the higher the cost of

family needs. Conversely if the family dependents

are few, the costs for living needs will also be

smaller. Thus parents can set aside income for

children's education costs.

5. Type of Residence

The atmosphere of a comfortable, clean home, and

accompanied by adequate facilities will provide

comfort to family members at home. This can be

found in families with sufficient economic

conditions and able to fulfilled basic needs,

secondary needs, and other needs. On the other

hand, in families with low economic conditions in

fulfilling the need for facilities, they are not fulfilled.

Learning Environment

According to Nasution, the learning environment is

the natural environment and social environment.

Natural environment such as temperature, humidity,

while the social environment can be human.

Muhammad Saroni explained that the learning

environment is everything related to the place where

the learning process is carried out. This environment

includes two main things, namely the physical

environment and social environment, both aspects of

the environment in the learning process must be

mutually supportive, so that students feel at home in

school and want to follow the learning process

consciously and not because of pressure or

compulsion.

From some of these definitions, it can be

concluded that the learning environment is

everything that includes and comes from outside and

from within students who can support learning

activities, so that the learning environment can be

created in such a way as to be able to facilitate

students to carry out learning activities.

The Effect of Parents’ Socio-economic Status and Learning Environments on Student Achievements

167

Learning achievement

According to Hamdani (in Istirani, 2017) it’s that:

"Achievement is the result of an activity that has

been done, created, both individually and in groups.

Achievements will never be produced as long as

someone does not carry out activities. "

According to Syah (2010) it’s that:

"Achievement is the level of success of students

achieving the goals set in a program. Achievement is

a person's real ability as a result of doing a particular

activity that can be measured by the results ".

From the description above can be taken the

notion that learning achievement is a result of

measurement and assessment of a learning or

experience includes the changing in behavior or

ability in a particular field in achieving a level of

maturity that can be directly measured by the test.

This assessment can be in the form of numbers or

letters. Learning achievement in this research is a list

of student grades in one semester.

The hypothesis of this research is that there is a

positive and significant influence between the socio-

economic status of parents and the learning

environment on the learning achievement of the

students of Business Education Study Program 2016

of Economics Faculty at State University of Medan.

3 RESEARCH METHOD

This research was conducted at Economics Faculty,

State University of Medan. The population is in this

research were all business education students 2016

at State University of Medan which are totaling 103

students. Based on these provisions, the sample in

this research was determined as many as 52 students.

Instrument test uses questionnaire validity and

reliability. Data analysis technique in this research

uses multiple regression analysis, partial hypothesis

test (t test), simultaneous hypothesis test (f test) and

determination coefficient (R2).

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Based on the table of calculation of hypotheses

partially shows that:

Table 5: t test

Coefficients

Model

Unstandardize

d Coefficients

Standar

dized

Coeffic

ients T Sig.

Std.

Error Beta

(Consta

nt)

2,731 ,182

15,01

000

Parents

’

socio-

econo

mic

status

,119 ,041 ,361 2,875 ,

006

Learni

enviro

nment

,104 ,043 ,304 2,418 ,

019

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Achievement

Based on the results obtained above, it is known that

the tcount variable of the parent's socio-economic

status (X1) is 2.875 with a significant value of 0.006

while the value of ttable with the degree of freedom

(df) = N-K (52-2) = 50 is 2,009. Thus, the first

hypothesis is accepted which means there is a

positive and significant influence between parents'

socioeconomic status (X1) on the learning

achievement (Y) of the students of Business

Education Economics Faculty at State University of

Medan 2016 .

For learning environment variables (X2)

obtained tcount of 2.418 with a significant value of

0.019. While the value of t table is 2.009. Then from

these results we can see that the tcount> ttable

(2.418> 2.009) with a significance value is smaller

than the significance level of 0.05 (0.019 <0.05).

Thus, the first hypothesis is accepted which

means that there is a positive and significant

influence between the parents’ socioeconomic status

(X1) on the learning achievement (Y) of the students

of Business Education Study Program of Economics

Faculty at State University of Medan

Table 6: Hypothesis Test Simultaneously (F Test)

ANOVA

Model

Sum of

Squares Df

Mean

Square F

Regress

ion

,211 2 ,106 7,154

Residu

,723 49 ,015

Total ,934 51

UNICEES 2018 - Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science

168

a. Dependent Variable: Learning Achievement

b. Predictors: (Constant), Learning Environment,

Parents’ Socio-Economic Status

Based on the results obtained above, it is known

that the calculated Fcount is 7.154 with a

significance value of 0.05. While the value of Ftable

on the degree of freedom df (NI) is 3.18. It can be

concluded that Fcount> Ftable (7.154> 3.18) and the

significance value are equal to the significance level

α = 0.05 (0.002 <0.05). Thus, the third hypothesis is

accepted which means that there is a positive and

significant influence between the social status of

parents and the learning environment on the learning

achievement of students of Business Education

Study Program of the Economics Faculty 2016 at

State University of Medan

Deternment coefficients will explain how much

change or variation in a variable can be explained by

changes or variations in other variables. Deternment

calculations are used to determine the percentage of

the contribution of independent variables (X1 and

X2) together to the dependent variable (Y). To

calculate the value of deternment coefficients in this

study was carried out using SPSS Version 24, as

presented in the table below:

Table 7: Determination Coefficient Test

Model Summary

Model R

Square

Adjusted R

Square

Std. Error of

the Estimate

1 ,475

,226 ,194 ,12146

a. Predictors: (Constant), Learning

Environment, Parents’ Socio-Economic Status

From the table above, obtained by the value of the

determination coefficient (R squere) of 0.226 or in

other words the value of the determination

coefficient is 0.226 X 100% = 22.6%. From these

data we can draw the conclusion that in this study

the variable of the parents socio-economic status

(X1) and learning environment (X2) contributed

22.6% to the learning achievement (Y) and the

remaining 77.4% was contributed by other factors

outside this research.

5 CONCLUSIONS

The variable of parents’ socio-economic status (X1)

is 2.875 with a significant value of 0.006 while the

value of ttable with degrees of freedom (df) = N-K

(52 - 2) = 50 is equal to 2,009. Then from these

results we can see that the value of tcount> ttable

(2.875> 2.009) with a significance value greater than

the level of α = 0.05 (0.006 <0.05). Thus, the first

hypothesis is accepted which means that there is a

positive and significant influence between the

socioeconomic status of parents (X1) on the learning

achievement (Y) of the 2016 Faculty of Economics

Unimed Business Education students.

Learning Environment Variable (X2) is obtained

by tcount of 2.418 with a significant value of 0.019.

While the value of ttable is 2.009. Then from these

results we can see that the tcount> t table (2.418>

2.009) with a significance value smaller than the

significance level of 0.05 (0.019 <0.05). Thus, the

first hypothesis is accepted which means that there is

a positive and significant influence between the

socioeconomic status of parents (X1) on the learning

achievement (Y) of the students of Business

Education Study Program of Economics Faculty at

State University of Medan 2016.

From the research results obtained by the

coefficient of determination (R squere) of 0.226 or

in other words the value of the determination

coefficient is equal to 0.226 X 100% = 22.6%. From

these data we can draw the conclusion that in this

study the variable socioeconomic status of parents

(X1) and learning environment (X2) contributed

22.6% to the learning achievement (Y) and the

remaining 77.4% was contributed by other factors

outside this study.

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