The Habitat of Economical Valuation of NYPA Fruticans Wurmb in

the Coast of West Aceh

Dewi Fithria

1,4

, Hairul Basri

, Zainal Abidin Muchlisin

and Indra Indra

Doctoral Studies Programme of Agriculture Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Agricultural Faculty of Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Agrotechnology Department, Agriculture Faculty, Teuku Umar University

Keywords: Nypa fruticans, Total Economic Value, Direct use Value, Indirect use Value, Willingness to Pay

Abstract: Nypa fruticans is one of the species manggrove community to develop in the tidal area dan muddy.

Fruticans have ecological, social, economical benefits. the aim of this reseach was to determine the habitat

of total economic value of Nypa fruticans from the coast of West Aceh. This research by using quantitative

descriptive method with survey technique and interview that conducted in July to August 2018. Sampling

was undertaken in mangrove area that dominant by Nypa fruticans habitat that degrade that caused by

natural and anthropogenic factors. The total economical value that yield from Nypa fruticans habitat in 2018

as much as Rp1.781.438.375,3 is consist of direct use value as much as 1.159.460.000,-, indirect use value

as much as Rp 583.988.000,-, option value as much as Rp 22.848.300, existence value as much as Rp

6.558.962,26 and bequest value as much as Rp 8.583.113. Thus, we concluded direct use value give the

bigger contribution than indirect use value.

1 INTRODUCTION

Mangrove ecosystem is the forest that grow in the

along estuary that experience tidal and muddy. The

mangrove ecosystem were very unique and complex

with high productivity that to be the gathering site

for flora and fauna habitat that adapt with intertidal

environment (Kathiresan dan Bingham, 2001).

The aquatic fauna that exist in the mangrove

specifically that adapted by salinity, tidal amplitude,

wind, temperature, muddy and anaerob. The high of

fauna diversity in mangrove area that appeared from

various habitat such as core forest, muddy, coral reef

and seaweed ecosystem and water body that

approached with river, strait, and backwater

(Kathiresan et al., 2015).

The mangrove ecosystem continually experience

destructive that occured the disturbance of

ecological function. The destructive occured

continually that impact to other ecosystem. It is

influenced the declined of economic use value of

environment resources. The management of

mangrove ecosystem sustainable have stipulated in

regulation and law with combined between

ecological and socio-economical aspect (Bengen

2002).

Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) derived from

genera palmae that grow in the alongside river and

influenced by tidal, Nypa fruticans are part of

mangrove forest that grow at certain area with form

pure habitat in the alongside river nearby estuary

(Kitamura et al., 1997).

Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) is the main

arragement of mangrove forest with vegetation

composition 30% from the extent of mangrove

forest. The estimation of mangrove forest extent in

Indonesia is 3.244.018,46 ha that dominant Nypa

fruticans habitat (Hartini et al., 2010).

The high of destructive of mangrove Nypa

fruticans occured massively that caused to decline

The potency of flora and fauna biodiversity that

benefits ecologically, economically and social

(Indriana et al., 2009)

Fithria, D., Basri, H., Muchlisin, Z. and Indra, I.

The Habitat of Economical Valuation of NYPA Fruticans Wurmb in the Coast of West Aceh.

DOI: 10.5220/0009498901810185

In Proceedings of the 1st Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science (UNICEES 2018), pages 181-185

ISBN: 978-989-758-432-9

181

The mangrove forest condition in the coast of

West Aceh that experience the destructive severely

that caused Tsunami in 2004. According to Blue

Print Book post Tsunami only 15% of mangrove

extent or 49.760 ha that existed in the West coast

and Simeulue Island from the estimation of extent

total 346.888 ha. Mangrove species that grown in

the Coast of West Aceh that dominated by Nypa

fruticans.

Nypa fruticans have ecological and economical

function for community life in the coast fo West

Aceh including to be buffer zone (intrution),

retaining abrasion, carbon absorber, and economical

benefits that yielded from Nypa fruticans. The aim

of this research was to determine the total of

economical value on Nypa fruticans.

2 THEORICAL FRAMEWORK

Nypa fruticans is palm that grow in the mangrove

forest environment near coastal area. The trunks of

Nypa fruticans spread in soil form rhizome that

inundated by muddy. The roots can reached 13 m

length.

Generally, palm species have several benefits.

Nypa fruticans have potency for foodstuff because it

contains carbohydrate, fatty acid, protein and

vitamin (Sardjono, 1992). In other hand, Nypa also

have other benefits for daily necessary such as

firewood, hand made and other product. But this

potency has not yet utilized optimally.

The valuation of natural resources economic by

using certain technique or method for estimating the

value of money from good and service that taken by

natural resources. The economical valuation of

mangrove ecosystem were measured

By using measurement model of economical

resources value (Pearce dan Moran 1994; Turner et

al., 1994).

The total of economical value of natural resource

is amount from use value and no-use value. Use

value is consist of direct use value and indirect use

value, option value, bequest value.

The valuation based on preferences (Contingent

Valuation) by using method that measured the

valued of good based on person estimation. CVM is

approach for measured the Willingness to Pay from

responden to the existence of mangrove forest

(FAO, 2000).

According to Fauzi (2004), the measurement

method by using this method, respondent will be

given value (rupiah) with questioner. In

operationally, CVM was undertaken several phase.

According to Juanda (2009), Linear regression

analysis (multiple regression) is regression equation

that depicted relation between one dependent

variable with several independent. Multiple

regression analysis is to evaluate the usage of

ontingent valuation method (CVM). The evaluation

of CVM model can see from the level of reability of

willingness to pay function.

3 RESEARCH METHOD

This research was conducted from July to August

2018 in the mangrove forest ecosystem Kuala Bubon

Subdistrict, Samatiga District West Aceh Regency.

This research was quantitative descriptive research

by using survey method.

Primary data will obtain from data of Nypa

fruticans resources that have economical value for

community and willingness to pay for existence of

mangrove forest. Secondary data is complementary

data including populations , working, yield of

fishing data.

4 ANALYSIS

The analysis was used to evaluate the usage of CVM

in bequest value is multiple regression analysis. The

variable that influenced the willingness to pay

(WTP) Value of Nypa fruticans habitat that was

stipulated including sex, age, education, job, income

and environment.

5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Valuation of benefit habitat of Nypa fruticans was

conducted to knowing every utilization of Nypa

fruticans habitat and counting total economic

benefits at research location. Benefits of Nypa

fruticans is as follows:

1. Direct use value

Based on the research, direct use value of habitat

nypa fruticans to coastal community i.e. utilization

of nypa fruticans tree as leaf and Nypa fruits. In

addition, waters of Nypa habitat utilization as crabs,

shrimp, fish and shell. Utilization of brackesh water

pond is consist of shrimp pond and ecotourism

(Table 1).

UNICEES 2018 - Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science

182

Table 1: Calculation of the value of Nypa fructicans

habitat

2. Indirect use value

Indirect use value was calculated in this study i.e.

Nypa fructicans habitat as retaining abrasion.

Indirect use value is using i.e. groin cost. Groin cost

approach is using shadow price i.e. using Ministry of

public works standard. Shadow price approach is

very needed if data unknown at research area. Groin

cost for 50 m x 1.5 m x 2.5 m (Length x wide x

high) with durability of groin for 5 years is needed

standard cost i.e. 291.994.000,000 or around Rp

5.839.880 per meter (Ministry of public work, s

2014). As for long of groin in research area is 500

meter, where indirect use value shown at Table 2.

Table 2: Calculation of indirect use value

Indirect use value was calculated in this study i.e.

Nypa fructicans habitat as retaining abrasion.

Indirect use value is using i.e. groin cost. Groin cost

approach is using shadow price i.e. using Ministry of

public works standard. Shadow price approach is

very needed if data unknown at research area.

Groin cost for 50 m x 1.5 m x 2.5 m (Length x

wide x high) with durability of groin for 5 years is

needed standard cost i.e. 291.994.000,000 or around

Rp 5.839.880 per meter (Ministry of public works

2014).

As for long of groin in research area is 500

meter, where indirect use value shown at Table 2.

3. Option value

Option value in research area is using benefit

transfer method, i.e. with benefit estimate from

elsewhere (where resources available) then benefits

was transferred to obtain an approximately benefit of

environment. Ruintenbeek (1992) approach was

used to quantify biodiversity of mangrove forest at

Bintuni Gulf, Irian Jaya, suggested biodiversity

value of mangrove forest in Indonesia is US

$15/ha/year.

Total of benefits biodiversity is obtainable by

means multiplying the benefits i.e. US$ 15 per ha

per year with the rupiah dollar in the day. The result

multiplied by total wide of the habitats of mangrove

Nypa fruticans research in the area (Table 3).

Table 3: Calculation of indirect use value

Description

Unit

Value

Biodiversity

Value

$/ha/year

Exchange

rate $ (1

Agustus

2018)

14.370,-

Area of the

research

106

Biodiversity

economic

value

Rp/year

22.848.3

00,-

4. Non-use value

Non-use value is one of variable of total economic

value. Non-use value in this research is consist of

the value of existence and value of the estate with

using Contigent Valuation Method (CVM) to

knowing willingness to pay (WTP) value.

4.1. Existence Value

Economic valuation of existence value of Nypa

fruticans habitat were measured based on

willingness to pay as evidence concern someone to

watch over the environment quality mangrove

ecosystem.

The Habitat of Economical Valuation of NYPA Fruticans Wurmb in the Coast of West Aceh

183

Willingness to pay in this study is categorized

into 10 choices i.e. Rp 5.000,00 , Rp. 10.000,00,

Rp. 15.000,00, dan Rp. 20.000,00. Rp. 25.000,00.

Rp. 30.000,00. Rp. 40.000,00. Rp. 50.000,00. Rp.

75.000,00. Rp. 100.000,00. The willingness to pay

aims to the care of ecosystem mangrove/nypha

habitats within a month. As for WTP value can be

seen Table 4.

Table 4: WTP Value of existence of Nypa fruticans

habitat

The Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate

CVM using in existence value. Variable affecting

WTP value for existence of nypha fruticans habitat

is determined i.e sex, age, levels of education., work,

income, long of domicile and environmental

sustainability (Nypa condition habitat).

Result of regression value of inheritance WTP can

be seen in Table 5.

4.2 Bequest value

Bequest value of Nypa fruticans habitat is got with

enquire the willingness of pay for the cost of the

community to preserve the mangrove ecosystem.

The community value of WTP is obtained in

combination forming through several phases WTP

by the use CVM. The stages in the determination of

WTP is forming hypothetic market, getting a bargain

the size of the WTP, estimate the average of WTP,

total data and evaluating CVM.

Willingness to pay for value of estate are

categorized in 10 choices i.e. Rp.5.000,00, Rp.

10.000,00, Rp. 15.000,00, and Rp. 20.000,00. Rp.

25.000,00. Rp. 30.000,00. Rp. 40.000,00. Rp.

50.000,00. Rp. 75.000,00. Rp. 100.000,00. The

Willingness to pay for care mangrove ecosystem/

nypha habitat within one month. As for the value of

WTP can be seen Table 6.

Table 6: Results of regression analysis of WTP

results of estate value of Nypa fruticans habitat in

West Aceh District

6 CONCLUSIONS

Total economical value that yielded from mangrove

habitat of Nypa frutican in the West Aceh in 2018

as much as Rp1.781.438.375,3 is consisting of direct

use value as much as Rp. 1.159.460.000,-, indirect

use value as much as Rp 583.988.000,-, option value

as much as Rp 22.848.300,-, existence value as

much as 6.558.962,26 and bequest value as much as

Rp 8.583.113,-. direct use value give the bigger

contribution than indirect use value. Direct use value

were obtain from fisheries sector.

REFERENCES

Bengen DG. (2002). Pengenalan dan Pengelolaan

Ekosistem Mangrove. PKSPLIPB

Kathiresan, K. and B.L. Bingham. (2001). Importance of

Mangrove Ecosystem.

Kathiresan, K., Veerappan N., Balasubramanian R. 29.

(2015). Status of Fauna in Mangrove Ecosystems of

India. Marine Fauana Diversity in India. DOI:

10.1016/978-0-12-801948-1.00029-X

Kitamura, S., C. Anwar, A. Chaniago, and S.Baba. (1997).

Handbook of Mangroves in Indonesia: Bali and

Lombok. Ministry of Indonesia and JICA, Jakarta

UNICEES 2018 - Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science

184

[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organisation. (2000).

Application of Contingent Valuation Method in

Developing Countries. FAO Economic and Social

Development Papers No. 146/200. Rome

Fauzi A. (2002). Valuasi Ekonomi Sumberdaya Pesisir

dan Lautan. Makalah Pada Pelatihan Pengelolaan

Sumberdaya Wilayah Pesisir dan Lautan,

Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.

Fauzi A. (2004). Ekonomi Sumberdaya Alam dan

Lingkungan. PT Gramedia. Jakarta

Hartini, S., G.B. Saputro, M. Yulianto, dan Suprajaka.

(2010). Assessing the Used of Remote Sense Data

for Mapping Mangroves Indonesia Iwate Prefectural

University. Jepang. Hal 210-215

Indriana, D.P., H. Marisa dan Zakaria. (2009).

Keanekaragaman Spesies Tumbuhan pada Kawasan

Mangrove Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) di

Kecamatan Pulau Rimau Kabupaten Banyuasin

Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Sains. Vol. 12

(3D) hal 12309.1-4

Juanda B. (2009). Ekonometrika Pemodelan dan

Pendugaan. IPB Press. Bogor

Pearce DW, Moran D. (1994). The Economic Value of

Biodiversity. Journal The World Conservation

Union EARTHSCAN Publication Ltd, London.

Sardjono. (1992). Nipah. Berita P3GI (Pusat Penelitian

Perkebunan Gula Indonesia) Pasuruan.

Turner K, Pearce D, and Bateman I. (1994).

Environmental Economic: An Elementary

Introduction. Center For Social and Economic

Research On The Global Environment. University of

Fost Anglia and University College London.

London.

The Habitat of Economical Valuation of NYPA Fruticans Wurmb in the Coast of West Aceh

185