Model and Strategy Acceleration of Rural Poverty Alleviation Study

in Jambi Province

Siti Hodijah

and Syaparuddin

Departement of Economic Development, Jambi University, Indonesia

Keywords: Poverty, Rural Poverty, Strategy Acceleration

Abstract: Poverty is a very interesting phenomenon and has always been an issue that is always debated in the midst

of society, technocratic or academic. This study aims to (1) Identify the description of the rural poverty of

Jambi Province, (2) Formulate a model for accelerating rural poverty reduction in Jambi Province and (3)

Designing strategy for accelerating rural poverty reduction in Jambi Province. The data analysis techniques

used in combining qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. The results showed that the number and

percentage of poor people, most of the districts in Jambi Province tended to increase in 2017 compared to

2010. The districts were Merangin, Batang Hari, Tanjung Jabung Timur, Tanjung Jabung Barat, Bungo and

Tebo. The model of accelerating rural poverty alleviation in Jambi Province which can be formulated is to

encourage poor families to get out of poverty with the main actors being poor families themselves by always

getting attention from the central government, regional government, private sector and universities in the

form of coordination and integration. The main strategy that must be done is to empower the abilities,

talents and skills of poor families and reduce all the limitations that exist in these poor families. The basic

need approach for some poor people still needs to be done.

1 INTRODUCTION

Poverty (Poverty reduction) is an issue that has

always been debated for more than two decades. The

poverty alleviation program is the main measure of

the success of development policies, especially in

the 1970s until the 1980s. Poverty is a long-term

problem ( Ben E. Aigbokhan, 2008 ). Various views

and opinions of economists, especially Development

Economics experts who see that the reduction in

poverty is a central goal for the development of a

country that can be achieved through economic

growth or income distribution. Almost all countries,

especially developing countries, have raised the

issue as the main development policy in the era of

the 1990s ( Hyun H. Son and Nanak Kakwani,

2004).

The failure or lack of success of poverty

alleviation does not only occur in Indonesia, but in

many countries, especially in developing countries,

one of which is Nigeria. One of the failures was

caused by a program that did not focus directly on

poverty and political stability and unstable policies

(Mike I Obadan). Even with the expenditure poverty

criteria of US $ 1 per capita per day, the number of

people living below the poverty line increased from

54.7% in 2004 to 60.9% in 2010 ( Okoroafor,

Michael Onyedikachi and Nwaeze Chinweoke,

2013).

The issue of poverty is still a fundamental

problem and is multidimensional in development in

Indonesia. Being a fundamental problem because

poverty is a problem faced by almost all regions in

Indonesia both in urban and rural areas and is very

difficult to solve. Whereas multidimensional nature

can be seen from two sides, namely the cause and

the alleviation side.In terms of causes, poverty is

caused by a variety of backgrounds, while poverty

alleviation must also be multidimensional.

In various literatures, many have been offered

and have even been implemented in many countries

regarding the model and strategy as well as the

government's approach to poverty reduction

including the basic need approach , the employment

orientation approach , and through economic growth

strategies ( economic growth strategy ), but all of

that has not fully been able to realize one of the great

Hodijah, S. and Syaparuddin, .

Model and Strategy Acceleration of Rural Poverty Alleviation Study in Jambi Province.

DOI: 10.5220/0009506405690576

In Proceedings of the 1st Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science (UNICEES 2018), pages 569-576

ISBN: 978-989-758-432-9

569

ideals in nation building which is free from poverty.

In Indonesia itself, apart from this approach, efforts

have been made to reduce poverty through direct

and indirect or empowerment programs. Various

farming business loans (KUT), people's business

credit (KUR), cash direct assistance (BLT), Raskin,

underdeveloped village Inpres, Home Surgery then

empowerment through PNPM and many other

programs.

Judging from the political will that exists, what

the government has done in alleviating poverty is

sufficient. Especially if the political will is measured

by the disbursement of funds issued by the APBN

(Sukidjo and Ali Muhson, 2010). Similar conditions

also occur in regions including in Jambi Province,

where the tendency for numbers and poverty levels

tends to increase over the past 5 years.

With various models and strategies and

approaches that have been taken, the problem of

poverty is still a development problem that has not

been resolved so far. Thus another model and

strategy is needed which is more appropriate in

alleviating poverty, especially in the Jambi Province

Rural Area.

2 LITERATURE STUDY

Poverty is often seen as an inability to pay minimal

living costs (World Bank, 1990) although some

experts argue that poverty is also a lack of access to

services such as education, health, information, and

lack of public access to development and political

participation. The definition of poverty can also be

viewed in terms of relative and absolute sides: (BPS,

2014)

Relative Poverty Relative poverty is a poor

condition because of the influence of development

policies that have not been able to reach all levels of

society, causing inequality in income distribution.

Minimum standards are prepared based on the living

conditions of a country at a certain time.

Absolute Poverty Absolute poverty is determined

based on the inability to meet minimum basic needs

such as food, clothing, health, housing and education

needed to be able to live and work. Indonesia uses

an absolute definition of poverty that is able to

compare poverty in general and assess the effects of

inter-time poverty reduction policies.

World Bank (2000) as quoted by Jonathan

Haughton and Shahidur R. Khander (2012) defines

poverty as a lack of well-being. One approach used

is to regard welfare as mastery of goods in general,

so that people can be much better if they have

greater resources. The main focus lies in the fact

whether each household or individual has adequate

resources to meet their various needs. Specifically,

poverty is then measured by comparing the income

and consumption of each individual with a set

number of standards where they are considered poor

if their income or consumption is below that

standard.

According to Robert Chambert as quoted by

Achmad Fatony (2011), the essence of poverty is

what is called Depriviation Trap which consists of

five disadvantages that surround the lives of poor

people, namely: poverty itself, physical weakness,

alienation, vulnerability, and , helplesness.

According to Chambers, of the five shortcomings

of these shortcomings, the most needed attention is

vulnerability and powerlessness. Vulnerability can

be seen from the inability of poor families to provide

something to deal with emergency situations such as

the arrival of natural disasters, rising fuel prices or

diseases that suddenly afflict families (subsistence,

according to James Scott). This vulnerability often

leads to poverty rockets or "driving wheels of

poverty" which causes poor families to have to sell

the most valuable assets for consumption needs so

that the family becomes increasingly into the valley

of poverty . Helplessness is considered the most

significant factor in encouraging the process of

poverty or impoverishment, because the process of

exploitation is in this line in all its forms. Although

the substance of powerlessness often appears in the

form of exploitation, namely extortion by a stronger

group

Furthermore, World Bank (2008) as quoted by

Made Kerta Adhi, I Ketut Ardana and I Made

Maduriana , (2016), distinguishes poverty into three,

namely absolute poverty, relative poverty, and

cultural poverty. Someone belongs to the absolute

poor if the income is below the poverty line, no

enough to meet minimum living needs, bothb food,

clothing, health, boards and education. While

poverty relative poverty is an inner poverty level has

to do with an absolute poverty line ratio or the

proportion of income distribution (welfare) that is

lame or uneven. Oscar Lewis stated, cultural poverty

emerged as a result of the values or culture adopted

by poor people, namely lazy, easy to give up on fate,

lack work ethic and so on. kcultural emiskinan a

domino effect from the shackles of structural

poverty sits on society too long, or indirectly shows

the link between structural poverty and cultural

poverty that makes society apathetic,surrender, and

view if something happens is fate In measuring

poverty rates, there are several approaches, first the

Economic approach Poverty from the economic side

is measured through the income approach. Second .

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) approach . The

World Bank defines the international poverty line as

US $ 1 and US $ 2 per day in 1993 as measured by

UNICEES 2018 - Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science

570

the purchasing power parity approach . Purchasing

power parity is defined as a method used to measure

how much a currency can buy the same number of

goods or services in international measurements

because the prices of goods and services in several

countries are different. While US $ 2 poverty

measurement is intended for countries that are in the

category of having middle income , such as East

Asia and Latin America. This conversion number is

calculated based on the price and quantity in each

country collected in a survey which is usually

carried out every five years.

Third . Multidimensional Poverty Index

(Multidimensional Poverty Index - MPI) definition

of poverty is growing and not just judged by the

monetarists. The United Nation Development

Program (UNDP) develops the definition of poverty

from various aspects by developing a

multidimensional poverty index. The

multidimensional poverty index identifies the

inability of a person to fulfill their basic needs based

on three dimensions, namely health, education, and

living standards. These dimensions are further

reduced to 10 indicators, namely nutrition, child

mortality, school duration, school enrollment rates,

cooking fuel, type of toilet, water, electricity, type of

floor, and ownership of assets. The

multidimensional poverty index calculation can be

calculated from micro data sourced from household

surveys. The MPI methodology can be modified to

produce a multidimensional national poverty

measure that reflects culture, economy, climate, and

other local factors. International MPI is designed as

an analytical tool to compare acute poverty between

countries.

The results of Mahmood Messkoub's ( 2008)

study in Mena Arab countries (Arab and North

Africa), found that economic growth and job

creation were not good enough in reducing poverty

in MENA Arab countries mainly due to the low

growth rate of employment opportunities, due to the

low skill possessed by workers. Poverty in Nigeria is

a long-term problem. Judging from the incidence

and dimensions of poverty, there has been an

increase in poverty in urban areas from 17.2% in

1980 increased to 58.2% in 1996, but fell back to

43.2% in 2004. On the other hand, rural poverty

increased from 28.3% in 1980, increased 69.3% in

1996 and decreased slightly in 2004 to 63.3%.

economic growth does not help much to reduce

poverty. From the education dimension it shows that

poverty is concentrated in the community with basic

education ( Ben E. Aigbokhan, 2008 ).More than

90% of the poor in Rwanda live in rural areas, most

of the income sources of poor households come

from wages working in the agricultural sector. As

many as 91% of poor households are below the

poverty line. Poor households that depend on a

combination of working in the agricultural sector

and as a laborer not more than 82% (Minestry of

Finance and Economic Planning, 2007).

3 RESEARCH RESULT AND

ANALYSIS

3.1. Overview Poverty in Jambi

In general, the number of poor people in Jambi

Province and in the municipal districts in Jambi

Province in the last decade (2010-2017) tended to

fluctuate, with the highest number of poor people

being in 2015 with a total population of 300,710

people. According to regencies / cities, the highest

number of poor people in 2010 was in Jambi City,

namely 52.6 thousand people, West Tanjung Jabung

Regency 31 thousand people and Merangin District

27.3 thousand people. Whereas in 2017 the highest

number of poor people was found in Jambi City,

namely 52.08 thousand people, West Tanjung

Jabung Regency 36.33 thousand people and

Merangin District 35.48 thousand people. Most of

the regencies in the province have a poor population

in 2017 compared to 2010, only Kerinci Regency,

Sungai Penuh City and Jambi City have experienced

a decline, although not much.

Similar to the number of poor people, the

majority of districts in Jambi Province, the

percentage of poor people tends to increase in 2017

compared to 2010. The districts are Merangin,

Batang Hari, Tanjung Jabung Timur, Tanjung

Jabung Barat, Bungo and Tebo. Referring to the data

an interesting thing that can be studied is that in

2011 was a good period where the percentage of

poor people both Jambi Province and district / city

decreased, in 2012 the percentage of poor people in

Jambi Province and regencies / cities experienced an

increase . In other words, 2012 was a turning point

in the decline in development achievements in

poverty alleviation. This condition occurs more due

to the decline in people's purchasing power caused

by the decline in prices of plantation and agricultural

commodities.

Aside from the number and level of poverty, the

other problem picture of poverty is the depth of

poverty (Poverty Gap Index) that is one of the

indicators used to measure the level or average

expenditure gap that occurs in each population, with

a measurement standard limited by the poverty line.

Districts with more than one poverty depth index

during the period 2010-2017 are Sarolangun District,

Model and Strategy Acceleration of Rural Poverty Alleviation Study in Jambi Province

571

Tanjung Jabung Timur, Tanjung Jabung Barat and

Batang Hari. When associated with poverty levels,

districts with high levels of poverty have a greater

poverty depth index compared to districts / cities

with low poverty rates.

The problem of poverty lies not only in the

number and percentage of the poor, but also the

problem of poverty severity (Poverty Severity Index

). The poverty severity index is an index that

provides information about the description of the

distribution of spending among the poor. The higher

the index value, the higher the inequality of

expenditure among the poor.

The poverty severity index in the district / city of

Jambi Province in 2010 was all less than 0.5. Sungai

Penuh City and Merangin Regency have the smallest

poverty severity indexes of 0.11 and 0.13

respectively, while the largest are Tanjung Jabung

Barat (0.67) and Jambi City (0.49). While for 2017

the smallest poverty severity index was Sungai

Penuh City and Muaro Jambi respectively 0.03 and

0.07, while the largest were Tanjung Jabung Timur

District (1.05) and Sarolangun District (0.69).

3 .2. Characteristics of Poor Households

3 .2.1. Age

The influence of this age can be attributed to

experience and maturity of thinking and acting in

dealing with every problem and problem in family

life and in society in general. The description of the

age distribution of respondents is presented in Figure

1. Based on figure 1, it can be described that the

highest number of poor household heads are at the

age of 35-44, which is 26.70.

Figure 1: Age Distribution of Poor Rural Household

Heads in Jambi Province in 2018.

3.2.2. Education

Education plays a very important role in shaping

one's mindset and pattern of action. The higher a

person's education, the better the pattern and pattern

of the pattern, including its ability to analyze an

issue. In the context of poverty alleviation, education

is considered a breaker in the poverty chain. It can

be informed that most of the education levels of poor

household heads of respondents are elementary

schools (East Jabung Tanjaung, Tanjung Jabung

Barat and Batang Hari) and SLTP (Sarolangun

District).

According to the Regency, Tanjung Jabung

Timur Regency has the highest number of

elementary school graduates (56.60%), junior high

school (22.64%) and senior high school (20.75%)

and there is no academy or university education.

Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency has the highest

number of elementary school graduates (46.19%),

senior high school (33.30%), junior high school

(18.71%) and academics or tertiary education with

1.75%. Batang Hari Regency has elementary

(73.86%), junior high school (22.72%) and high

school (2.72%) and academy or tertiary education

with 1.14%. Whereas in Sarolangun District, there

were elementary school education (46.96%), high

school (25.75%) and junior high school (21.21%)

and Academy or Higher Education as much as

6.06%. In general, the education level of the heads

Of poor households is of low primary and secondary

education. The details are East Tanjung Jabung

District 79.24%, Tanjung Jabung Barat 64.90%,

Batang Hari 95.52% and Sarolangun 68.11%.

Figure 2: Distribution of the Education Level of

Poor Rural Household Families in Jambi Province in

2018.

UNICEES 2018 - Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science

572

3 .2.3. Work and Working Hours

In general, poor families depend their lives mainly

on the primary sector namely agriculture, plantations

and fisheries or forestry compared to other sectors .

S ost respondents living in the field of business

sector and the primary sector, especially agriculture

and fisheries. Viewed by regency, Tanjung Jabung

Timur Regency is the main occupation of poor

families dominant in the agricultural sector (56.14%)

and fisheries (19.29%), West Tanjung Jabung

Regency in the fisheries sector (52.40%) and trade

(21.68 %). Batang Hari Regency in the agricultural

sector (31.82%) and fisheries (30.68%). Then

Sarolangun District 54.54% worked in the

agricultural sector, trade (13.65%) and processing

industries, especially CPO and Rubber processing

(13.65%)

Based on information as obtained by almost no

poor people who have side jobs. Thus it can be

concluded that the lives of poor households rely on

the main work or main work of agriculture, fisheries

and trade (trade with very little capital).

Judging from j am workweek heads of poor

households in the province of Jambi between 14 to

more than 55 hours per week. Referring to the BPS

criteria as stated earlier, it can be concluded that

Sarolangun and Tanjung Jabung Barat Regencies

working hours of family heads 35 hours and above

(full working) reached 77.26% and 81.86%

respectively. Whereas Tanjung Jabung Timur and

Batang Hari districts with working hours of family

heads 35 hours and above are 63.28% and 30.67%

respectively. The head of the household included in

the usual under employment category (working

hours 14-34 hours) is mostly in Batang Hari

Regency (64.77%) and Tanjung Jabung Timur

(32.14%) while belonging to the category of critical

unemployment only in Batang Hari Regency and

Tanjung Jabung Timur 4.54% and 3.57%

respectively. The relative number of poor household

heads working normally (working above 35 hours

per week), but still in the poor category indicates:

1. Not always long working hours can create /

generate more income.

2. The heads of poor households generally work in

the traditional agricultural, plantation and

fisheries sectors

3. The head of a poor household works more on

relying on the power of his strength rather than

skill or skill.

4. With long working hours, even with low

income, poor families can survive.

3.2.4. Structure and Education of

Household Members

The results of the study showed that the structure of

family members of poor households in the Rural

Province of Jambi was generally the core family.

There are only 1.28% in the West Tanjung Jabung

Regency and 0.33% in the Batang Hari Regency in

the broad sense. This condition is very reasonable,

considering that poor families have limitations,

making it difficult for them to invite or

accommodate other people to live with them.

Viewed from the burden of dependents, one

family head has a burden of between two and three

people and three to four people. Tanjung Jabung

Timur and Batang Hari Regencies have a burden of

2-3 people per family and Tanjung Jabung Barat

Regency and Sarolangun have a burden of 3-4

people.

In general, the education level of the family

members of poor households in each district is

relatively different. In Batang Hari Regency it is

more concentrated in elementary school (52.84%)

and junior high school graduates (26.42%), in

Tanjung Jabung Barat and Tanjung Jabung Timur

Regencies concentrated in senior secondary

education with 45.93% and 49.03% respectively.

One more interesting thing happened in Sarolangun

District, where 34.81% of poor family members

were educated in Higher Education and 33.03% had

high school education. This illustrates that the

fighting capacity of poor families to get out of

poverty through education is very high compared to

other districts.

3.2.5. Residence

Judging from the status of home ownership, most of

the respondents live in their own homes between

69.0% and 95.45%. Tanjung Jabung Timur

Regency, the majority of poor families occupy their

own homes (73.80%) and parents' (22.61%).While

in Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency owned by

themselves (69.0%) and rent (19.88%), Batang Hari

Regency belongs to itself (95.45%) and belongs to

parents (4.54%). Sarolangun Regency occupies the

most part of the house itself (87.87%), owned by

parents and each rent is 6.06%. The data shows that

there is still a need for assistance policies for the

construction of poor family homes in all sample

regions, especially in the East Tanjung Jabung and

Tanjung Jabung Barat Regencies. These

considerations are due to the relatively large number

of poor families who do not have their own homes.

Model and Strategy Acceleration of Rural Poverty Alleviation Study in Jambi Province

573

3.2.6. Source of Information

The main source of information for rural poor

households in Jambi Province is PLN with the

number of households between 94.74% and 100%.

According to the regency, the main source of

information for poor family households in each

district other than East Tanjung Jabung Regency is

PLN which reaches 100%. Especially for East

Tanjung Jabung Regency there are still 5.26% of

poor families using Kerosene Lamps.

3.2.7. Source of Clean Water

The source of clean water used by poor households

is mostly dug wells or Drill wells with up to 59.09%

to 99.41% of poor sample households. Source of

clean water comes from dug wells or bore wells in

Tanjung Jabung Barat District (99.41%), Most rivers

in Tanjung Jabung Timur (22.61%), Most Rainwater

in East Tanjung Jabung (5.95%) and most PDAMs

in Sarolangun Regency ( 49.90%).

3.2.8 . Income and Assets

In general, the monthly income of the heads of poor

households is between Rp.500,000 and

Rp.2,000,000. Only 7.92% up to 18.18% of the

income of the household heads of poor households is

less than Rp.500,000 and 10.0% to 13.63% of the

income of the heads of poor households is more than

Rp.2,000,000.

3.2.9 . Household expenditure patterns

Theoretically expenditure follows income, meaning

that the greater one's income, the greater the

expenditure. On the other hand, the smaller the

income of a person or family, the greater the share of

income that is used for food or food expenditure.

Viewed from the distribution of expenditure of poor

households, most of them are concentrated in food

expenditure between 83.00% and 95.65%, while

non-food expenditure is between 4.34% to 17.00%.

This proves that the largest expenditure of poor

families is concentrated in food expenditure and at

the same time records the low capacity of poor

families to finance non-food expenditure.

3.2.1 0 . Asset ownership

The inability of poor families to have assets,

especially productive assets, is allegedly one of the

causes of the poverty of a household from an

economic perspective. The absence or lack of

ownership of productive assets makes it difficult for

poor families to get out of poverty. The results

showed that of the 391 respondents, poor households

that had assets were 69.00% to 95.45%. According

to the districts of poor households that have the most

assets in Batang Hari Regency (95.45%), then

Sarolangun District (87.87%), Tanjung Jabung

Timur (73.80%) and Tanjung Jabung Barat District

(69.00%).

3.2.1 1 . Health and Medical Complaints

There is a positive correlation between the level of

income and the degree of public health, the higher

the income of a family the higher the degree of

health, and vice versa. Poor families are usually very

vulnerable to health problems. Based on the results

of the study, generally complaints about the health

of rural poor households in Jambi Province are

cough, heat and colds, especially in Batang Hari and

Tanjung Jabung Barat Regencies. The main health

complaints of poor households in Tanjung Jabung

Timur and Tanjung Jabung Barat Districts, Batang

Hari and Sarolangun are Batuk and Panas.

Meanwhile, when viewed from facilities or

facilities for treatment of families of poor

households in rural areas, Jambi Province is

generally treated at Puskesmas with respondents

reaching 61.81% to 93.18%. According to the

regency, the highest number of treatment for

families of poor households in East Tanjung Jabung

Regency is Puskesmas (61.81%), health and

traditional labor practices respectively 7.27. In

Tanjung Jabung Barat District, there are Puskesmas

(68.23%), doctor practices (12.35%), health

personnel practices (8.23%) and hospitals (5.88%).

Furthermore, the Batang Hari District Health Center

was 93.18% and the hospital was 4.54%. Then

Sarolangun District has 64.51% Puskesmas, 16.12%

doctors and hospitals practice 6.45%.

3.3. Strategy and Model for Accelerating Poverty

Reduction

Based on information obtained from respondents,

poverty in Rural Jambi Province caused by:

1. Lack of capital

2. Lack of capital to buy fertilizer

3. Lack of business fields

4. Low education

5. Lack of knowledge

6. Lack of information

7. HR is unable to compete

8. Lack of skill

9. Age factor

10. Lack of knowledge about entrepreneurship

11. Lazy to work

12. Descent

13. Lack of government assistance and attention

14. Non-permanent income

UNICEES 2018 - Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science

574

15. Rubber prices continue to decline

16. Lack of public transportation customers

17. Low purchasing power

18. High prices of basic goods while low income

19. Small business opportunity

Based on the previous problems, which are the

main causes of poverty in the Jambi Province, the

strategy that can be done is to find a solution from

the source of the problem. In other words the model

that can be done is based on or based on the self of

the poor himself. All respondents are eager to get

out of poverty, meaning that there has been an

encouragement from within themselves to change

their destiny.

Job creation, capital assistance , improvement of

poor family education, improvement of knowledge

and skills through training, guidance, vocational

training centers so that their human resources can

increase and have competitiveness, provide access to

and information services as wide as possible both

employment opportunities, assistance government,

training and others, developing entrepreneurial

capabilities, encouraging work culture, increasing

people's purchasing power, and enforcing inflation.

Some of the efforts expected by poor households to

get out of poverty are through business:

a. Tanjung Timur Regency

1. Trade

2. Business credit

3. Online business

4. Area nut business

5. Raising native chickens

6. Raising chickens pot o ng

7. Open a grocery store

8. Farming

9. Open a cafe business

10. Open a breakfast business

11. Raising catfish

12. Trade results own fish catch

13. Fishing business

14. Fish cultivation

15. Recycle items and sell them

16. Make shrimp crackers

17. Open a restaurant

18. Trade fish

b. West Tanjab Regency

1. Trade

2. Trade fish

3. Fish container

4. Fish processing business

5. Opening a UMKM business

6. Candied business

7. Has pompong and fishing gear

8. Cracking business

9. Food shop business

10. T u kang Enterprises sewing

11. Business for washing cars and motorbikes

12. Areca shop

13. Buying and selling coconuts

c. District Batanghari

1. Food shop business

2. T u kang Enterprises sewing

3. Open a selling kiosk

4. Fish cages

5. Gardening

6. farming

7. Open a chicken farm

8. Trade

d. Sarolangun Regency

1. Trade

2. Open a restaurant

3. Open a shop

4. Raising S fire

5. Raising goats

6. Raising chickens

7. Raising quails

8. Fruit gardening

9. Selling on the market

10. Open a workshop business

11. Open chili land

12. Wood furniture business

13. Open your own rubber land

14. Open your own palm land

15.

Continuing the bamboo business

Figure 3: Model of Accelerating Rural Poverty

Reduction Jambi Province

Model and Strategy Acceleration of Rural Poverty Alleviation Study in Jambi Province

575

4 CONCLUSION AND

SUGGESTION

4.1. Conclusion

1. Most districts in Jambi Province, the percentage

and number of poor people tend to increase in

2017 compared to 2010.

2. The model of accelerating rural poverty

alleviation in Jambi Province which can be

formulated is to encourage poor families to get

out of poverty with the main actors being poor

families themselves by always getting attention

from the central government, regional

government, private sector and universities in the

form of coordination and integration.

3. The main strategy that must be done is to

empower the abilities, talents and skills of poor

families and reduce all the limitations that exist

in these poor families.

4.2. Suggestion

1. The basic need approach for some poor people

still needs to be done

2. Job creation, improvement of skills and

knowledge and opening access to and

information as widely as possible for poor

families in various aspects becomes very

important.

3. The poverty alleviation base is the poor and

makes it a subject.

REFERENCES

Achmad Fatony, (2011). Poverty Alleviation Policy Based

on Participatory Poverty Assessment: The Case of

Yogyakarta. Journal of Socioconseptia volume 16

number 02. 2011

BPS, (2014). National Poverty Profile and Analysis.

Ben E. Aigbokhan, (2008). Growth, Inequality and

Poverty in Nigeria. ACGS / MPAMS Discussion

Paper No.3. Prepared for United Nations Economic

Commission for Africa (UNECA) Addis Ababa,

Ethiopia February, 2008. Economic Commission for

Africa.

Haughton Jonathan and Khander Shahidur R, (2012).

Guidelines on Poverty and Inequality: Handbook on

Poverty and Inequlaity. Salemba Empat. Jakarta

Hyun H. Son and Nanak Kakwani, (2004). Economic

Growth and Poverty Reduction: Initial

Conditions Matter United Nations Development Program.

Working Paper Number 02 August 2004.

Made Kerta Adhi, I Ketut Ardana, I Made Maduriana ,

(2016). Actors Causing Cultural Poverty and Local

Wisdom-Based Eradication Models: A Study of the

Poor in the Kintamani Mountains, Bali . Journal of

Bali Studies Vol. 06, No. 02,

October 2016. Mahmood Messkoub, (2008). Economic

Growth,

Employment and Poverty in the Middle East and North

Africa. Workin Paper No. 460. Institute of Social

Studies.

Mike I Obadan. Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: The Way

Forward. CBN Economic review Volume 39 No. 4.

Minestry of Finance and Economic Planning, (2007). The

Republic of Rwanda: Economic Development and

Poverty Reduction Strategy. 2008-2012.

Okoroafor, Michael Onyedikachi and Nwaeze Chinweoke,

(2013). Poverty And Economic Growth In Nigeria

1990–2011. The Macrotheme Review 2 (6), SI-IMT,

2013.

Sukidjo and Ali Muhson, (2010). Model of Empowerment

of Poverty Alleviation Based on Local Institutions

and Business Development in the Special Province

of Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta State University.

Yogyakarta

UNICEES 2018 - Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science

576