Towards a Smart Irrigation System based on Wireless Sensor
Networks (WSNs)
Loubna Hamami and Bouchaib Nassereddine
Computer, Networks, Mobility and Modeling laboratory, Department of Mathematics and Computer,
Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan 1st University, Settat, Morocco
Keywords: Agriculture, Management of Irrigation, Precision Irrigation, Wireless Sensor Network.
Abstract: Due to the evolution of technologies and need to observe and manage hostile environments, Wireless Sensor
Networks (WSNs) are becoming essential and implicated in most fields of life. The agricultural sector is one
of such sectors where WSNs are successfully utilized to achieve many benefits. For successful agriculture,
the irrigation is one of the most important factors, where it plays a tactical role in the process of agriculture
but is considered one of the world's largest freshwater consumers. Besides, the water scarcity, drought, and
irrational wastage of water resources are among the critical issues that touch almost all sectors, notably
agricultural services, and especially irrigation. These facts lead all governments around the world to rethink
about saving water and reducing the amount of water used in irrigation; this requires the development of
irrigation practices in order to obtain a complete and independent system for the management of irrigation
more efficient. Consequently, selection of using WSNs in irrigation system will be a benefit for developing
the agriculture, and thus saving water and improving and increasing production. In this work, we propose a
new model of a complete and smart irrigation system based on wireless sensor networks, and we introduce
and discuss our proposed system. The suggested system controls and regulates irrigation system by
monitoring a set of environmental parameters, i.e., soil and weather properties, using soil and weather
sensor nodes and improving techniques of decision-making to estimate requirements of each crop (e.g.,
amount of water required), and therefore can make the decision to activate or disable irrigation.
1 INTRODUCTION
Irrigation is one of the most vital services in the
agricultural sector. It has become an indispensable
part in agriculture, and it also plays a very important
role in increasing crop production and improving
yields (FAO et al., 2018) in order to meet growing
food requirements of the ever-growing world
population (Dabour, 2002). Irrigation is defined as
the action of the artificial water supply for farmland.
This is an important practice in most agricultural
crops in regions where the rate of rainfall is not
enough to fulfill the water needs of crops.
Water scarcity (Rijsberman, 2006) has become a
severe global crisis which attracts worldwide
attention. The freshwater represents only about 2.5%
of the total water on Earth, where most of this water
is unavailable for use because it is stored as deep
groundwater or glaciers and only a small amount of
this is available for human use (Vörösmarty et al.,
2000). The agriculture is considered one of the most
water consuming sectors in the world; this water is
mainly used for irrigation (Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2018). Water used for irrigation
currently accounts for about 70% of global water
withdrawals and almost 90% of the use of
consumptive water (Haddeland et al., 2014).
However, irrigation techniques currently used
remain ineffective with low performance; these
techniques are intended only to control the
distribution of water at required locations without
compromising water requirements, and thus losing a
significant amount of water during each irrigation
operation. Furthermore, several areas may be
affected by increasing or decreasing the amount of
water used during irrigation, while under irrigated
regions are subject to poor production and water
stress and over irrigated regions are affected by plant
diseases. Drought (Mishra and Singh, 2010),
pollution and water contamination, climate change
(Kalra et al., 2007; Haddeland et al., 2014), and the
risks of salinity all of these reasons lead to a
Hamami, L. and Nassereddine, B.
Towards a Smart Irrigation System based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).
DOI: 10.5220/0009776004330442
In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference of Computer Science and Renewable Energies (ICCSRE 2018), pages 433-442
ISBN: 978-989-758-431-2
Copyright
c
 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
433

dangerous decline in water resources, day after day,
and also seriously affect the agricultural sector,
especially irrigation.
To address these issues and problems, new and
modern technologies must be used to support
irrigation by developing and improving techniques
to intelligently monitor environmental parameters
(e.g., moisture and temperature of soil, and
temperature and humidity of weather) and decision-
making capabilities in order to determine the amount
of water needed for each crop in a particular area at
a particular time, while saving water and increasing
the yield and the quality of crop productivity. In this
regard, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology
is an ideal modern technology that merges a set of
capabilities such as automatic control, sensor
capabilities, information processing, and data
storage to get many benefits and offer economical
and effective solutions for the irrigation system.
Therefore, the utilization of WSN supports
agriculture, and thus irrigation, and leads it in a very
positive direction and promotes irrigation to a higher
level of efficiency, automation, precision, and
intelligent production (Wang et al., 2006; Ruiz-
Garcia et al., 2009; ur Rehman et al., 2014).
The main contribution of this work is to propose
and develop a new smart irrigation system based on
the use of the wireless sensor network to solve and
address the problems of irrigation systems. In this
paper, we present a new model of an autonomous
and intelligent irrigation system through the
development of a monitoring system for a set of
environmental parameters in real-time, i.e., soil
properties and properties of the weather, using
different sensors scattered on agricultural land and
the improving techniques of remote decision-making
during irrigation. Our proposed system allows
irrigation control and management through the
rational use of water by measuring and checking soil
and weather properties and estimating the amount of
water required for each crop. Therefore, this solution
aims to save water, increase the performance of the
irrigation system, reduce costs, increase and improve
production, and conserve energy and time.
The remaining part of this paper is organized as
follows. In the next section, an overview of sensors
and wireless sensor networks is presented and
explained. In Section 3, we present the related work
with critical analysis. Section 4 provides and
describes the proposed smart irrigation system based
on wireless sensor networks. Finally, in Section 5,
the paper is concluded and a discussion of our future
work is presented.
2 WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK TECHNOLOGY
In recent years, the tremendous progress in wireless
technologies and the proliferation of micro-electro-
mechanical systems (MEMS) technology have
enabled and facilitated the development of low-cost
smart sensors with low energy consumption. These
sensor nodes are autonomous and inexpensive nodes
with a miniature size, and have computing and
processing resources. They measure or detect
physical information in a controlled environment
and convert it into signals for surveillance and
control.
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a special
type of Ad Hoc network, which allows monitoring
and controlling hostile environments and remote
areas. The WSN consists of a large number of sensor
nodes that can be self-organized and connected to
each other via a wireless connection module. These
nodes have various capabilities: communication,
detection, transmission, and processing capability,
and can be deployed either randomly or accurately.
In this type of network, the sensor nodes are
dispersed over the field, specifically in a sensor
field. Each node uses its abilities (e.g., sensation,
processing, and data transmission) to collect and
route data for the purpose of creating a global view
of the controlled area. The data collected by these
sensors are routed directly or via other sensors by a
multi-hop architecture to a “collection point”, called
a base station for subsequent processing. The base
station also acts as a gateway node whenever it is
necessary to communicate and connect with the
external network for data analysis and decision-
making (Akyildiz et al., 2002a; Yick et al., 2008;
Akyildiz and Vuran, 2010), as shown in Fig. 1.
Figure 1: Structure of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).
The sensor node is a micro-electro-mechanical
system (Bhattacharyya et al., 2010) that detects or
measures physical attributes and converts them into
signals. It is the basic unit of WSN and appears as a
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434

miniaturized autonomous system with advanced
sensation capabilities. A sensor node consists mainly
of four basic units (refer to Fig. 2): a sensing unit, a
transmission unit (transceiver), power unit (battery),
and processing unit (Akyildiz et al., 2002b). In
addition to these components, optional modules can
be added to the sensor node (e.g., location finding
system, external memory, and mobilization module
for displacement). Sensing unit is the main
component of a sensor node; it usually consists of
two subunits: a sensor and an analog-to-digital
converter (ADC). The processing unit comprises a
processor (computing unit) and a memory (storage
unit), it allows collaboration with other nodes to
perform the appropriate tasks. The transmission unit
connects the sensor node to the wireless sensor
network. And the power unit is considered one of
the most important components of the node, where it
can power all its components.
Figure 2: Components of a sensor node.
Due to the numerous characteristics of wireless
sensor networks such as the ability to adapt to
various environments, scalability, advantages of
detection and wireless communication, ability to
handle node failures, flexibility, and dynamic
topology (Mishra and Thakkar, 2012; Manshahia,
2016) WSNs can be used widely in several
applications. These applications include different
areas like military, environment, agriculture,
industrial, and medical, and have a wide range of
uses such as battle monitoring, natural disaster
discoveries, smart homes, healthcare, weather
forecasts, and intrusion detection (Akyildiz et al.,
2002b; Chong and Kumar, 2003; Arampatzis et al.,
2005; Yick et al., 2008).
3 RELATED WORK
With advances in various areas of technology,
wireless sensor networks have achieved a paradigm
shift in the agricultural sector. WSNs play a crucial
role in finding new solutions to develop and improve
areas of agriculture and thus achieve more profits.
Especially when it comes to irrigation, the idea of
having an automated and intelligent irrigation
system is very tempting to improve the system
efficiency, obtain accurate results, and conserve
water resources. A set of research on the use of
WSNs to help and improve irrigation system has
been conducted.
Mahir et al. (Dursun and Ozden, 2011) presented
and described an application of a wireless sensor
network to automate the drip irrigation system in an
agricultural site of dwarf cherry trees. The
developed system enables wireless control of
irrigation technique and monitoring soil water
content in real time using soil moisture sensors. In
this system, many benefits have been achieved such
as salification, prevention of moisture stress from
trees, and effective use of freshwater resources.
Remote sensing and control system based on a
distributed wireless sensor network, Bluetooth and
GPS technologies has been developed for the
irrigation system in (Kim et al., 2008). The WSN is
composed of a set of sensor nodes dispersed in the
agricultural land; these nodes monitor and observe
conditions of the soil and the weather. The system
can also detect the position of the sprinkler.
Various types of sensors used in the field of
agriculture have been studied. The operations of
some sensors, their basic principles, and their
specifications have also been analyzed and discussed
(Kodali et al., 2014).
Aqeel et al. (ur Rehman et al., 2014) presented a
thorough study on the use of wireless sensor
network in different aspects of agriculture like
irrigation. Numerous techniques, approaches, and
systems have been examined. Similarly, Ruiz-Garcia
et al. (Ruiz-Garcia et al., 2009) presented a review
of WSN applications in the agriculture sector.
Various available systems based on WSNs and
RFID as well as examples of applications have been
explained and analyzed.
The authors of (Gutiérrez et al., 2014) developed
an automated irrigation technique based on the use
of wireless sensor network and GPRS to optimize
irrigation water for agricultural crops (Sage crop).
Developed system consists of a distributed wireless
network with multiple temperature and soil moisture
sensors to effectively control and monitor soil
conditions. The detected data are transferred to a
control unit for analysis, identification, and
recording of these data. The control unit also allows
the activation of the irrigation. The results of this
system showed a significant saving of water
compared to traditional irrigation methods (up to
90%). And in another work (Avatade and Dhanure,
2015), Avatade et al. examined the design of the
Towards a Smart Irrigation System based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
435

irrigation system in an automated manner based on
an embedded platform using WSN, ARM
microcontroller, and GPRS. The developed system
consists of a set of ARM microcontroller-based
wireless sensor nodes deployed in the field to
measure the temperature and moisture level of the
soil. Based on the measured values, the WSN
controls the flow of water in the field to reduce the
consumption of water during irrigation. This system
also permits monitoring the measured data and the
status of the sensors used on the remote PC via a
web page by entering the specified IP-address for
the system.
Imteaj et al. (Rahman et al., 2016) proposed and
described an automatic water supply system for
irrigation in agricultural land based on the use of
Raspberry Pi, Wi-Fi module, Arduino, and GSM.
This system consists of several sensors to detect and
monitor soil moisture, daylight intensity, and water
level in the soil. The measured data are sent as a
digital signal via Wi-Fi to the Raspberry Pi. Based
on these data, the system can determine the suitable
moment for irrigation water supply. Via GSM using
SMS, the developed system allows alerting the
administrator in case of problems in the water
supply (e.g., shortage of water) and the administrator
can also communicate with this system.
The authors of (Katyara et al., 2017)
implemented wireless sensor network as a remote
terminal unit (RTU) for remote monitoring and
intelligent control of irrigation system in Pakistan.
Various data, such as soil moisture and temperature,
were measured by these RTUs and these data are
sent to estimate and control the amount of water
needed during irrigation activity. The results of the
tests showed positive results in terms of reducing
water used in irrigation and increase the productivity
of agricultural land (Increased almost 20 to 25%).
Minu et al. (Nagarajan and Minu, 2018)
developed an automated soil properties monitoring
system using WSN to automate sprinkler irrigation
system, thereby improving and controlling water
supply and yield. The developed system uses a range
of sensors to detect and monitor the pH,
temperature, and humidity of the soil. The sensed
data are sent to an operator for surveillance purposes
(e.g., soil water content monitoring). This system
also uses ZigBee and GPRS technologies for data
transmission, analysis, and storage.
And in (Cambra et al., 2018), Sandra et al.
proposed a solution that allows automating the
irrigation technique to ameliorate the sustainability
of hydroponic agriculture. In which they developed
a smart control system for bicarbonate during
irrigation using a wireless sensor network to take
advantage of hydroponic precision farming in
greenhouses. This system is based on the use of an
auto-calibrated pH sensor that allows detection and
modification the imbalances of pH levels in nutrient
solutions used for hydroponic agriculture. The auto-
calibrated pH sensor is connected to a wireless node.
The WSN consists of multiple nodes connected to
each other.
4 PROPOSED MODEL OF
INTELLIGENT IRRIGATION
SYSTEM
Current irrigation systems are considered inefficient
and poorly performing systems with irrational water
consumption. It is necessary to combine a set of
criteria such as an effective management and control
of the irrigation water system, good selection of
irrigation system, and automation of irrigation in
order to save water, increase irrigation system
performance, and develop and improve production.
Therefore, using a wireless sensor network in
irrigation systems supports irrigation very well. In
this context, our proposed solution is based on the
development of a new smart irrigation system based
on WSN, with the development of monitoring
techniques and amelioration of decision-making
capabilities during irrigation. The proposed
irrigation system combines a drip irrigation system,
wireless sensor network, and wireless
communication technology to develop a new
irrigation modality. To implement this system, we
present a new model based on the technique of
monitoring soil parameters and weather properties in
real time using a set of specific sensors. This model
also improves remote decision-making techniques
during irrigation by examining and analyzing
measured data with threshold values of measured
information.
4.1 Selected Technologies and Tools
We selected a group of tools and technologies to use
in the proposed intelligent irrigation system.
 Selection of Irrigation System:
Irrigation is a process that allows to artificially bring
of water to the soil, and thus to cultivated plants.
The irrigation technique is mainly used in desiccated
regions and covers inadequate or lack of rainwater.
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Many irrigation systems currently exist and can be
classified into three main categories:
 Surface irrigation (Walker, 1989): Includes
any irrigation technique in which the
application and distribution of water over the
soil surface are made completely in the open
air using gravity flow. It is the most common
and oldest in the world. The use of rivers,
deep tubular wells, and canals is observed in
this type of irrigation.
 Sprinkler irrigation (Moreno-Jiménez et al.,
2014): It is an imitation of rainfall
phenomenon. It allows applying and
distributing water on the soil surface as
artificial rain. In this type, the water is
distributed by a system of pipes under
pressure then it is sprayed into the air through
a set of sprinklers in the form of rain.
 Drip Irrigation (Dasberg and Or, 2013): It is a
modern irrigation method that saves a lot of
water compared to other irrigation systems.
This method allows the distribution of water
in the form of drops by allowing water to drip
slowly to the root of the plant using a set of
drippers distributed along the rows of crops.
In drip irrigation, water is frequently applied
for long periods of time at low doses, under
low pressure, and at low flow.
In summary, surface irrigation consumes a
significant amount of water compared to other
irrigation systems. In addition, it is a technique with
a low efficiency that always requires flat terrain or
leveling. Sprinkler irrigation also consumes more
water than drip irrigation. Moreover, this technique
can be affected by weather conditions (e.g., wind
can affect wetting patterns) and can promote the
development of plant diseases. While drip irrigation
has a range of features compared with other
irrigation systems such as significant water saving,
possibility of automation, and soil erosion limit. As
a result, this technique is the most efficient and
adaptable irrigation technique if it is well managed.
Therefore, the choice of using drip irrigation is the
best choice and may be advantageous in our
proposed system compared to other irrigation
systems (Pereira et al., 2002; Keeratiurai, 2013).
 Wireless Sensor Network Technology:
The wireless sensor network is a new technology
that promises accurate monitoring and control of
farmland at a lower cost. The self-organization of
WSN which allows rapid deployment of the
network, the transmission of collected data via
intermediate nodes without increasing costs or
energy, and the ability of network tracking by
responding to specific application requirements
(Ruiz-Garcia et al., 2009; Zhang and Zhang, 2012)
are among the important benefits that make us
choose to use wireless sensor network technology as
a technique of coordination, planning, control, and
monitoring in the proposed system.
 Wireless Communication Technology:
Various wireless communication technologies are
involved in wireless sensor networks for effective
communication of data. There are many
technologies; the most commonly used are Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth, and ZigBee.
 Wi-Fi (Kaushik, 2012): Wi-Fi technology was
offered by the Wi-Fi Alliance (Wi-Fi Alliance
Organization, 2018). It is a technology for
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) to
connect wirelessly to the internet or to
exchange information on the basis of IEEE
802.11 standards (IEEE 802.11,
802.11a/b/g/n).
 Bluetooth (Bisdikian, 2001): Bluetooth is a
wireless communication technology based on
radio frequency specification for short-range
and inexpensive communication devices to
replace cables and allows devices to
wirelessly communicate with each other.
Bluetooth technology depends on IEEE
802.15.1.
 ZigBee (Chook et al., 2007; Wang et al.,
2016): ZigBee is a technology presented by
the ZigBee Alliance (ZigBee Specifications,
2018). It is a specification based on IEEE
802.15.4 standard, defines a series of
communication protocols used in the creation
and design of a personal wireless network
(WPAN) with low power radio signals. The
technology specified by ZigBee is designed to
be simpler, easier, less expensive, and with
low flow.
From comparisons, referred in (Lee et al., 2007;
Mihajlov and Bogdanoski, 2011; ur Rehman et al.,
2014; Kumar and Ilango, 2018), between these
different technologies, we find that ZigBee
technology is the most effective technology in
applications with low data rate and low power
consumption, and therefore is more suitable for use
in WSNs. Depending on our needs and our system,
we can choose the use of ZigBee technology.
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 Choice of Sensors Used:
Improving the performance and efficiency of
irrigation systems depends on a combination of a
variety of soil-related parameters and a set of
weather parameters. Our proposed solution allows
monitoring and measuring soil related parameters:
soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil pH, and
weather parameters: temperature, humidity, and
wind speed. A range of sensors are used in this
context (Thomasson et al., 2001; Kodali et al.,
2014):
 Temperature sensor: It allows detecting and
measuring the temperature. For example, soil
temperature sensors make it possible to
determine the type of crop, as well as provide
alerts if the soil temperature exceeds a certain
threshold.
 Soil moisture sensor: This sensor used to
measure water stress level of the soil to
indicate the quantum of effort required by the
plant root system during the extraction of
water from the soil. In the case where the
effort required to extract water from the soil is
greater, so the soil is drier.
 Wind speed sensor: It allows determining the
speed of the surface wind. Winds on the
surface of the Earth are turbulent and are
characterized by random fluctuations of
direction and speed. This type of sensor
measures the wind speed value and transmits
it as an electrical parameter.
 PH sensor: It measures the pH value (i.e., the
pH is between 0 and 14 with pH less than 7
for the acids and pH more than 7 for the
basics). In agriculture, values of soil pH
situated outside the range of 5.5 to 6.5 and the
soil pH value varies in the field, so it is helpful
to apply the fertilizer according to the spatial
variation of soil pH for support irrigation.
In order to implement the proposed solution,
different sensors will be used such as Soil
Temperature Sensor-ES1101, DS18B20 temperature
sensor-Waterproof, EC-5 Soil Moisture Sensor, and
Wind Sensor WM30.
4.2 Description of the Proposed System
Design:
Figure 3 shows the proposed system, an intelligent
system for management and control of irrigation
deployed using a wireless sensor network. This
system consists of several elements, including soil
sensor nodes, weather sensor nodes, a range of
different sensors (e.g., humidity sensors, temperature
sensors, and wind speed sensors), base station, drip
irrigation system (drippers, tubing, etc.), coordinator
node, and electro-valve.
o Soil sensor node: It is a node that measures soil
parameters (i.e., soil temperature, soil moisture,
and pH in the soil). It includes a set of sensors
(i.e., soil temperature sensor, soil moisture
sensor, and pH sensor), microcontroller,
transceiver, and battery for power supply. This
type of node should be scattered on the soil in
agricultural land. Each node routes the
measured data from the sensors with a delay to
a base station via wireless communication
technology ZigBee.
o Weather sensor node: It is a node that measures
weather parameters (i.e., air temperature, air
humidity, and wind speed). It includes a
transceiver, set of sensors (i.e., temperature
sensors, humidity sensors, and wind speed
sensors), microcontroller, and battery for the
power supply. Each node routes the data that
are measured by the sensors with a delay to a
base station via ZigBee wireless
communication technology.
o Base station: This is the entry point to the
WSN. It allows the collection and analysis of
detected and measured data from sensor nodes.
Furthermore, the base station transmits the
collected data through the internet or satellite
to a coordinator node where a wider analysis of
the measured and collected data can be
performed.
o Coordinator node: A node that allows the
identification and verification of the measured
data by performing a broader analysis of these
data. This node is used to send commands to
other nodes. It also stores the collected and
analyzed data in a database for easy viewing of
the state of agricultural land to farmers, and
thus facilitating decision making to activate
irrigation or not.
Our system, intelligent irrigation system, is based
on wireless sensor networks and drip irrigation. The
procedures and steps of the proposed system are
described and presented using the model of our
proposed system (as shown in Fig. 3) and a series of
steps describing the operation flow of this system (as
shown in Fig. 4), as follows:
1. In the agricultural land, we disperse the soil
sensor nodes and weather sensor nodes to
configure a wireless sensor network.
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438

2. Sensor nodes are used to provide an intelligent
monitoring of soil parameters and weather
parameters in real time. We use soil sensor
nodes to measure soil parameters, i.e., soil
temperature, soil moisture, and soil pH, using
different sensors (mentioned above) and
weather sensor nodes to measure weather
parameters, i.e., air temperature, air humidity,
and wind speed, using diverse sensors (listed
above). The nodes are connected and
communicated to each other through ZigBee
wireless communication technology.
3. All measured and collected data by sensor
nodes are sent via wireless communication for
processing. Measured and collected data are
routed via ZigBee to a base station. The base
station collects, processes, and analyzes the
measured data. Then it transmits these data to a
coordinator node via internet or satellite. The
coordinator node identifies and verifies these
data by performing a broader analysis of these
data.
4. Recording and backup of the processed data in
a database are also performed.
5. Then based on the analysis of stored data in the
database and the verification of these data with
threshold values of each parameter measured,
the needs of agricultural land and the amount
of water needed for irrigation will be calculated
and thus the irrigation decision will be taken.
6. In the case of dry soil, we will activate the drip
irrigation system by pumping water to irrigate
the crop. Therefore, an order will be sent to the
system in order to open or close the electro-
valve, and so to turn on or disable the drip
irrigation system.
5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE
WORK
As a result of population growth and increased
demand for food production, the automation of the
agricultural sector has become very necessary and is
in high demand. Therefore, the use of wireless
sensor networks (WSNs) as a coordination
technology in the various services of this sector,
especially irrigation, generates a new exciting field
for research that will develop and improve the
efficiency of this sector, while increasing
agricultural production and reducing the necessary
costs. Our solution focused on the question of
automated irrigation and proposed a new smart
irrigation system using wireless sensor networks. In
Figure 3: Intelligent irrigation system using WSNs (Proposed Model).
Towards a Smart Irrigation System based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
439

this paper, we presented and developed a complete
and intelligent irrigation system based on wireless
sensor networks and other modern technologies.
Also, a detailed literature survey of different
automated irrigation systems was presented. The
proposed system relies on a model that monitors and
controls soil and weather characteristics using a set
of sensors deployed in agricultural land and
improves making the decisions for the rational use
of water in irrigation, and thus saving water, raising
the performance of irrigation systems, reducing costs
needed, and increasing the efficiency of production.
When the size of WSN increases (i.e., more
sensors are added), the power consumption becomes
very important, and thus the lifetime of the network
is decreased. In future works, we will look for
optimal solutions to minimize energy consumption.
Also, we will approach the point of security where
we will try to secure measured data using improved
solutions of data encryption.
Figure 4: Workflow of proposed irrigation system.
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440

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