Religious Behavior of Students UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Ay Maryani

and Santi Yustini

Faculty of Economics and Business, UIN of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Ir.H.Juanda Street, South Tangerang, Indonesia

Keywords: Religious behavior, habluminallah behavior, habluminannas behavior, internal environment and external

environment.

Abstract: This study describes the religious behavior of students UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. The variables used

are internal, external environment and religious be-havior. The internal environment variable consists of

gender factor, (male and female). The external environ-mental variables comprise the faculty environment,

the present resident and the place to grow. The present resi-dent consist of dormitories, boarding houses and

parents' homes and the place to grow consist of urban and rural environment. Religious behavior variables

consist of habluminallah behavior and habluminannas behavior. The methodology used was (1) Statistical

descriptive, (2) MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) and (3) Independent sample t-test. The

results showed the reli-gious behavior UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta students has a very good category.

Habluminallah and habluminannas behavior are different for each faculty. Habluminallah and

habluminannas behavior are the same for respondents who live in dormitories, boarding houses and parents’

homes. Habluminallah and habluminannas behaviors are similar for urban and rural respondents.

Habluminallah and habluminannas behaviors are similar for male and female. The results of this study are

expected to be used to develop university policies that can enhance the Islamic values of UIN Syarif

Hidayatullah Jakarta.

1 INTRODUCTION

The change of State Islamic Institute (the

“IAIN”) to Islamic University State of Syarif

Hidayatullah Jakarta (Mahfudz, 2012) brought many

changes including the increasing number of

faculties, and study programs. This change provides

opportunity for the general faculties and study

programs to be established at UIN of Syarif

Hidayatullah Jakarta. As a result of the increase in

the number of faculties and study programs it will

certainly have an impact on the increase of the

number of students. Every year the number of

candidates of students continues to increase.

According to UIN News online, there were around

15,000 candidates of students in the 2016/2017

academic year, and while in 2017/2018 there were

16,000 candidates of students (

Abdullah, 2016).

With the increasing number of candidates of

students from years to years, the UIN of Syarif

Hidayatullah Jakarta in 2017 opened 7 selection

lines, which previously it was only 6 selection lines

in 2016 (Administrator UIN Jakarta, 2017). These

various selection lines are the entry points for the

candidates of students from various provinces both

from urban and rural areas, from general education

and religious education, from families with different

economic and education levels education.

In order to accommodate students from outside

the area, UIN of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

provides a dormitory that functions as a residence

for students during their studies (

Amin, 2012). In

addition, the environment around UIN of Syarif

Hidayatullah Jakarta has many boarding houses that

have the same function as dormitories. Not often

students also choose to live with their closest parents

and relatives.

In general, at present, students of UIN of Syarif

Hidayatullah Jakarta come from the urban and rural

Muslim communities, but in reality, their religious

behavior is not the same. This is because urban and

rural communities have different habitudes and

characteristics (

Solikhin, 2014). Starting from the

level of understanding, level of practice, and the way

they handle cases around them based on Islamic

values and teachings (

Shah et al, 2013). These various

backgrounds of environment, education, residence

that are different can influence the behavior of

students themselves, both in terms of their religious

268

Maryani, A. and Yustini, S.

Religious Behavior of Students UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

DOI: 10.5220/0009928102680274

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 268-274

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

behavior and their social behavior (Shah et al, 2013).

Therefore, researcher have desire to find out the

religious behavior of students of UIN of Syarif

Hidayatullah Jakarta, which are influenced by

gender, the environment of the faculty, the

environment in which they live and the environment

from which students grew.

2 STUDY OF THEORY AND

HYPOTHESIS TESTING

2.1 Study of Theory

2.1.1 Definition of Religious Behavior

According to (Magill 1993) religiosity is a person's

attitude toward religion in general or the way a

person becomes religious (Aisyah, 2014), (2014),

(2106), and according to (Jalaluddin, 2002) religion

generally has rules and obligations that must be

carried out which all of them function to bind and

require oneself or a group of people in their relation

with God, fellow human beings and the natural

surroundings (

Azizah, 2005). According to (Shihab

1998), (Rahayu 2003), religion is a relationship

between creatures and the Creator which is

manifested in his/her inner attitude and in the

worship performed as well as in the overall attitude

(

Tat, 2004). Implementation of religion is an activity

or behavior of a person against the religion itself.

According to (Boston and Gray 1981), (Hair and

Bowers 1992), (McIntosh et al 1993), (Rahayu

2003), religious activities not only occur when

someone performs rituals (religious worship),

however it is also when someone does other

activities; it not merely related to activities that can

be seen with the eyes, but it relates as well to the

invisible activities that occur in one's inner heart

(

Tat, 2004).

In the Holly Qur’an Adz-Dzariyat (51) verse 56,

which has meaning “and I (Allah) do not create jinn

and humans but that they serve Me (Allah)”. As the

representative of Allah, he was aware of the amazing

task he was carrying out, namely managing the earth

based on the message of Allah. In line with human

functions according to Islam, the expected behavior

of a Muslim is to have hablumminallah and

hablumminannas behaviors (Aisyah, 2014), (2014),

(2106).

2.1.2 Behavior of Habluminallah

In the Islamic perspective, habluminallah behavior

is human behavior that is built on the framework of

human relations with God (hablumminallah) through

agreements that are regulated in the Shari’ah of

Allah regarding the obligation to fulfill the

commands or rights of Allah Ta'ala. (Aisyah, 2014),

(2014), (2106). According to (Mansoer, 2008)

(Aisyah, 2014), (2014), (2106), hablumminallah

behavior of a Muslim can be measured through, (a)

knowledge of faith and worship (b) attitude towards

faith and worship and (c) practice of faith and

worship.

2.1.3 Behavior of Habluminannas

Habluminannas behavior is a human relationship

with each other (hablumminannas) through the

obligation to fulfill the rights of fellow human

beings both Muslims and apostates (kafir) (Aisyah,

2014), (2014), (2106) and (

Almu’tasim, 2016). (Yusuf

1995: 154) (Aisyah, 2014) explained that in line

with human function as the khalifah of Allah, the

Muslim should have a main character such as: doing

tadzakkur, tafakkur, ikhtiyar, jihad, ijtihad,

istiqamah, ta`awun, tawasau, tasamuh, deliberation,

ukhwah, and fastabiqul khairat. Those personal

characters that form the behavior of

hablumminannas.

Hablumminannas behavior of a Muslim can be

measured from (Mansoer, 2008: 112) (Aisyah,

2014), (2014) (a) Islamic behavior towards oneself

(b) Islamic behavior towards fellow human beings

environment.

2.1.4 Factors that Influence the Religious

Behavior

In Islam, human behavior is the result of the

interaction of factors of external (external

environment) and internal (from within the

individual itself). (Aisyah, 2014), (2014) and

(

Munawar, 2011).

Internal Factors

The internal environment includes aspects of

genetics (gender), structure and body functions as

well as psychological (

Munawar, 2011). According to

the socialization gender theory proposed by

(Zelenzy et al 2000) in (

Miranti, 2012) behavior is

determined by the process of socialization in which

Religious Behavior of Students UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

269

individuals are shaped by cultural norms and

expected values in a particular gender.

External Factors

External factors, namely, factors that influence the

behavior of individuals who come from outside the

individual itself, such as the community, family and

education environments (Aisyah, 2014), (2014).

External factors include, (1) the environment

where the individual grows. The environment where

the students grow in this research is divided into two

categories: rural (Rural Society) and urban (Urban

Society); (2) the current living environment. Current

living environment include dormitories, boarding

houses and parents’ house (

Shah et al, 2013) and (3)

college environment (Aisyah, 2104).

2.2 Research Hypothesis

The hypothesis in this research are:

1. H1 : Religious behavior of students of UIN of

Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta has reached the

category of “good”.

2. H2 : There is no difference in the religious

behavior of students among the faculties.

3. H3 : There is no difference in the religious

behavior of students, in relation to respondents

that are living in dormitory, in a boarding house

and in parents’ house (current living

environment).

4. H4: There is no difference in the religious

behavior of students, in relation to respondents

that come from rural and urban areas (factors of

environment where they are grown).

5. H5: There is no difference in the religious

behavior of students, in relation to male

respondents and female respondents (gender

factors).

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This research includes descriptive quantitative type

with descriptive statistical approach and comparative

test (Sugiyono, 2014). The variables in this research

consist of habluminallah behavior (Y1) and

habluminannas behavior (Y2). Habluminallah

behavior variables consist of (1) knowledge of faith

and worship, (2) attitude towards faith and worship,

and (3) practice of faith and worship. While the

habluminannas variable consists of (1) Islamic

behavior towards oneself, namely: honesty,

discipline and work / study ethics, trustworthy and

compliant with applicable laws / regulations, (2)

Islamic behavior towards others, namely: generous,

cooperative, caring, respecting the rights of others

and tolerance and (3) Islamic behavior towards the

surrounding environment, namely: love for nature

and the efforts of nature conservation (Aisyah, 2014)

(2016). The factors that influence religious behavior

consist of (1) internal environment (X1), namely

gender factors that are interpreted by male and

female), (2) external environment (X2), namely the

environment in which they are grown (rural and

urban), current residence (dormitory, boarding house

and parents’ house) and faculty environment (Shah

et al, 2013). The sample in this research is the

students of UIN of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. The

number of active students populations as of

November 2015 as much 22.134 students.

(http://akademik.uinjkt.ac.id). Base on Isaac and

Michael tabel of population (Sugiyono, 2014:71),

we can determine sum of sample with α 5% that are

342 students. And then we can determine sample

each faculties with below formulas:

Base on above formulas, we can calculate sum of

sample each faculty, see table 1 below:

Table 1. Sample each Faculties

The instrument used to test the data in this research

are (1) descriptive statistic test, (2) MANOVA

(Multivariate Analysis of Variance) test and (3)

Independent t-test sample (Ghozali, 2013).

Sample =( P / ∑P) x 342

Information:

S = Sample

P = Population

∑P = Sum of population

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4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 General Description of Religious

Behavior

4.1.1 Religious Behavior based on Mean

Table 2. Weighting and Categorizing Score Indicators

Categories in tabel 2, to measure mean statistic of

religious behavior in the tabel 3 below. For example,

if mean of statistic in the value range at 0-36,

(habluminallah behavior) and 0-41 (habluminannas

behavior), both religious behavior have categories

“very badly”.

Table 3: Descriptive Statistic of Religious Behavior

Descriptive Statistics

Based on table 3, the mean for haluminallah and

habluminannas behaviors are respectively 158.85

and 178.76 (tabel 2). The mean of habluminallah

behavior is in the range of 145-180 with the category

of “very good”. While the mean of habluminannas

behavior is in the range of 165-205 (tabel 2) with the

category of “very good”.

4.1.2 Religious Behavior based on Mean

Indicator

The mean of the habluminallah behavior variable

indicator is knowledge of faith and worship, attitude

towards faith and worship and practice of faith and

worship. Of the three aspects of habluminallah

behavior the best aspect is the aspect of attitudes

towards faith and worship with an average value of

55.91. The aspect of knowledge against faith and

worship is an average of 52.08, and the lowest is the

aspect of practice against faith and worship, which is

51.04. (table 4).

Table 4: Religious Behavior Based on Mean

Habluminallah Behavior Indicators Statistics

a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is

shown.

While the mean of the variable indicator of

habluminannas behavior is Islamic behavior towards

oneself, Islamic behavior towards others and Islamic

behavior towards the surrounding environment. Of

the three aspects of the behavior of habluminannas,

the best aspect is the aspect of Islamic behavior

towards others, with an average value of 84.06, then

the second-best aspect is the aspect of Islamic

behavior towards oneself, with an average of 61.15

and finally the aspect of Islamic behavior towards

surrounding nature which is 33.39. (table 5).

Religious Behavior of Students UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

271

Table 5: Religious Behavior Based on Mean

Habluminannas Behavior Indicators

Statistics

4.2 Description of Religious Behavior

based on Faculty

Table 6: Manova Test Result Multivariate Test

a. Design: Intercept + Faculties

b. Exact Statistic

c. The statistic is an upper bound on F that yields a lower

on the significance level

In table 6, the decision is analyzed by Pillai Trace,

Wilk Lambda, Hotelling Trace, Roy’s Largest Root

and F test. The results of all faculties are significant

at 0.00 (<0.05) so that they can be concluded to

receive H0, meaning that habluminalah behavior

and habluminannas behavior are different for each

faculty.

The difference in the mean of habluminallah

behavior and habluminannas behavior in each

faculty are:

Table 7: Mean of Religious Behavior Among the Faculties

Based on Table 7, it shows that students of the

Faculty of Dirasat and Islamiyah (FDI) have better

habluminallah behavior than other faculties. As for

the behavior of habluminannas, the Faculty of

Science and Technology (FST), is better than other

faculties.

4.3 Description of Religious Behavior

based on Current Living

Environment

Table 8: Manova Test Result Multivariate Test

a. Design: Intercept + Current Living Environment

b. Exact statistic

c. The statistic is an upper bound on F that yields a

lower bound on the significance level.

Based on table 8, the F test and significance scores

on Wilk’s Lambda are 2.055 and 0.085 (> 0.05),

respectively. So, it can be concluded that rejecting

H0 means that habluminallah behavior and

habluminannas behavior are the same for

respondents who live in dormitories, boarding

houses and parents’ house.

Although having habluminallah behavior and

habluminannas behavior are the same, but they have

different mean. This can be seen in table 9 below.

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Table 9: Mean of religious behavior Among Current

Living Environment



Based on table 9, habluminallah behavior and

habluminannas behavior of the students who live in

dormitory have the best mean than students who live

with parents and in boarding houses. This is caused

by education and supervision in the dormitory that

are more stringent than in boarding houses and at

home.

4.4 Description of Religious Behavior

based on Growing Environment

Table 10: Independent Sampel T-test Result Independent

Sample Test

Based on table 10 above, the output of Levene test

for equality of variance can be seen from the results

of the F test, calculated levene test of habluminallah

behavior and habluminannas behavior is

respectively 0.522 and 0.272 with probability 0.470

and 0.602 (> 0.05). Because the probability value

>0.05, it can be concluded that the variance of

habluminallah behavior and habluminannas

behavior for respondents living in urban and rural

areas have the same variance. It is strengthened by t-

test different test analysis that uses assumption of

equal variance assumed. From table 8, it can also be

seen that the value of equal variance assumed is

equal to the level of sig. (2-tailed) for habluminallah

and habluminannas behaviors of 0.317 and 0.245 (>

0.05), respectively, so that H0 is rejected. This

means that habluminallah behavior and

habluminannas behavior for respondents from urban

and rural areas do not have a significant difference.

Although habluminallah behavior and

habluminannas behavior are the same, however it is

different in terms of its mean. This can be seen in

table 11 below.

Table 11: Mean of Religious Behavior Among

Enviroment Where Students Grows Group Statistics

 

Based on the table 11, students who live in rural

areas have habluminallah behavior and

habluminannas behavior which is better compared

to students who live in urban areas.

4.5 Description of Religious Behavior

based on Gender Factors

Table 12: Independent sampel t-test results Independent

Samples Test

Based on table 12, the output of levene test for

equality of variance can be seen that the F test

results calculate the levene test of habluminallah

behavior and habluminannas behavior, respectively

0.480 and 0.191 with probability of 0.489 and 0.662

(> 0.05). Considering that the probability value is >

0.05, it can be concluded that the variance of

habluminallah behavior and habluminannas

behavior for male and female respondents have the

same variance. This result is also strengthened by

the results of different test t-test using assumption of

equal variance assumed that contained in table 10

which can be seen that the value of equal variance

assumed is equal to sig. level (2-tailed) for

habluminallah behavior and habluminannas

behavior, respectively 0.950 and 0.307 (> 0.05), so

H0 is rejected. This means that habluminallah

behavior and habluminannas behavior for male and

Religious Behavior of Students UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

273

female respondents did not have a significant

difference.

Although habluminallah behavior and

habluminannas behavior are the same, however it is

different in terms of its mean. This can be seen in

table 13 below.

Table 13: Mean of religious behavior based on the type of

gender Group Statistics

Based on the table 13, female students having

habluminallah behavior better compared to the male

students, while habluminannas behavior of male

student is better compared to the female students.

5 CONCLUSION

Based on the results and discussion of the research

described the results of the study can be summarized

as follows:

1. In general, the religious behavior of students of

UIN of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta does not have

a “very good” category.

2. Habluminallah behavior and habluminannas

behavior are different for each faculty.

3. Habluminallah behavior and habluminannas

behavior are the same for respondents living in

dormitories, boarding houses and parents’ house.

4. Habluminallah behavior and habluminannas

behavior are the same for respondents from

urban and rural areas.

5. Habluminallah behavior and habluminannas

behavior are the same for male and female

genders.

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