The Growth of Several Soybean Genotypes in the Saline Soil

Siti Muzaiyanah

and Gatut Wahyu Anggoro Susanto

Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Jalan Raya Kendalpayak km 8 kotak Pos 66 Malang

Keywords: soybeans, growth, saline soil

Abstract: One of the strategic efforts to increase soybean production towards self-sufficiency with 2.8 million tons of

production is through the expansion of suboptimal planting areas, among others, by using saline soil. The area

of potential saline land in Indonesia is 140,300 ha. This study aims to determine the growth of several

genotypes at a salinity soil level of 10 dS/m. This experiment was conducted using a randomized block design

(RBD) repeated three times. The treatments tested were genotypes consisting of Deja 2, Dering, Karat 13,

Panderman, GepakKuning, DaunLancip, Dega1 and Tanggamus. Variables observed in this study include:

plant height, root length, stover weight, root dry weight and soil salinity level at the age of 24 days, 45 days,

60 days and 75 days. All genotypes still live up to 45 days, but at 60 days after Dering, Tanggamus,

Gepakkuning is dead, and only DaunLancip can survive up to 75 days.

1 INTRODUCTION

One strategic efforts to increase soybean

production towards self-sufficiency with 2.8 million

tons of production is through the expansion of

planting areas, considering that fluctuations in

national production have been closely linked to

fluctuations in harvested areas, and in the past six

years (in 2009-2015) soybean harvested area was

only 493-723 thousand hectares with low

productivity, 1.2-1.3 t/ha. Based on calculations, to

achieve soybean self-sufficiency, national

productivity needs to be increased to 1.4-1.5 t/ha in

the 2.0 million ha harvested area (BPS, 2017).

Expansion of the area can be done by utilizing

marginal land such as dry land, acid dry land, and

saline land. In Indonesia it is estimated that the total

of saline land 440.300 ha which were 304.000 ha

rather saline and 140,300 ha saline (Rachman et al.,

2008).

The intensity of soil salinity was depend on the

kind of soil texture. The coarse-textured soil better on

the ion transportation than fine-textured soil, that the

entry of most solute into the effluent was faster in

coarse-textured soil. The coarse-textured soils have

relatively low total porosity, macro pores which

results in a relatively high volume of leaching and salt

removal. Then clay- textured that used to maintaining

and transporting soil ions. In other hand, light-

textured soils with low clay content and small buffer

capacity had higher K+ concentration than heavy-

textured soils in the soil solution, its seems caused by

cation exchange (Hoseini and Delbari, 2015).

Salinity decreased acid phosphatase activity in

cotyledon during 24 hours after germination. Salinity

also affected percentage and rate of germination in

Lettuce. Length and fresh weight of root and shoot

were reduced significantly with salt treatment in two

lettuce varieties. Biochemically analysis shows that in

the root, acid phosphatase activity could increased or

decreased depend on the genotypes but on shoot its

enzim activity had no difference with the control

(Nasri et al 2015). Tsegay and Gebreslassie (2014)



also report that the percentation of germination, shoot

length and root length of Lathyrus sativus and Pisum

sativum var. abyssinicum decreased with an increase

in salinity level. The germination of both declined

with increasing salinity levels, although reduction in

root length was higher than reduction in shoot length.

Soybean has a varying response to salinity. Each

genotype shows specific to respond to salinity.

Several genotypes can germinate in saline

condition but inhibited on growth for the next stage.

Other genotypes that tent to tolerant on salinity get

well on germination and germinate and get great

growth vigorously although on saline condition.

Ichiyou sensitive genotype on salinity condition,

while Baluran was tolerant up to 125 mM NaCl based

on sprout length and fresh weight (Putri et al. 2017).

Salinity conditions delays soybean seed germination

1636

Muzaiyanah, S. and Wahyu Anggoro Susanto, G.

The Growth of Several Soybean Genotypes in the Saline Soil.

DOI: 10.5220/0009933016361642

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 1636-1642

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

by negatively regulating gibberellin (GA) while

positively mediating abscisic acid (ABA) biogenesis,

which leads to a decrease in the GA/ABA ratio.

Different soybean genotype showed a similar

repressed phenotype during seed germination under

exogenous NaCl application. Salinity conditions led

to high MDA (malondialdehyde) level during

germination and the post-germinative growth stages.

Salinity conditions also changed catalase, superoxide

dismutase, and peroxidase activities. It condition

made the transcription levels of ABA and GA

biogenesis and signaling genes were altered. Salinity

condition also considerably down-regulated active

, GA

, and GA

levels, whereas the ABA content

was up-regulated; and therefore ratios, such as

/ABA, GA

/ABA, and GA

/ABA, are decreased.

Hence, FLUN partially rescued the delayed-

germination phenotype as consistently with the

hormonal quantification (Shu et al. 2017). Kumar

(2017) report that the increasing of salinity level

delayed the beginning and ending of germination and

reduced final germination percentage because Nacl

and Na

reduced both germination and seedling

growth in both the soybean varieties. Yuniati (2004)

report that the ratio between fresh weight (FW) and

dry weight (DW) become indicator that genotype

tolerant to salinity condition. The high value of ratio

between fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW)

shows that there’s no inhibition on water uptake

prosses. Wilis that indicate as tolerant genotype has

FW/DW ratio higher than Tidar (indicated as

sensitive genotypes). But FW/DW value of Wilis

also decreased with increasing NaCl concentration.

The shoot length of soybean germination decreased

2.2%, 2.2%, 4.4%, and 22.2% at treatment of NaCl

70 mM, 80 mM, 90 mM and 100 mM respectively

from normal condition. In other hand, FW/DW of

Wilis decreased 30%, 31.1%, 32.2%, 33.3% as treat

70 mM, 80 mM, 90 mM and 100 mM NaCl on shoot

respectively from normal condition. Furthermore, the

FW/DW ratio value of Wilis root decreased 13.9%,

18.3%, 24.7%, 28% with 70 mM, 80 mM, 90 mM and

100 mM NaCl treatment respectively from normal

condition. Then the FW/DW ratio value of Wilis root

decreased 3.7%, 20%, 13.8%, 26.3% with 70 mM, 80

mM, 90 mM and 100 mM NaCl treatment

respectively from normal condition.

Salinity stress causes changes morphology of

soybean genotype. Stress salinity affect the roots,

canopy of plants soybeans and plant height decreased

(Purwaningrahayu and Taufiq,2017; Bustingorri and

Lavado, 2011; Hashi et al., 2015, Sabagh et al., 2015;

Farhoudi and Tafti, 2011, Aini, 2014

). Legumes

have different respons against stress salinity depend

on both interspecies and varieties. Based on

decreasing yield, critical point salinity stress on

soybean, peanut, and green beans are 5 dS/m, 3.2

dS/m, and 1–2.65 dS/m respectively (Kristiono et al.,

2013). At the soil salinity 3.91 dS m-1 soybean

biomass could decreased up to 48.14% (Aini et al.,

2014). Plant height and number of leaves have not

decrease yet at the level of salinity of 3 dS/m up to the

fourth week of Dering1, Demas1, Devon1 varieties.

But the number of pods, pod weight and 100 seeds

that genotypes were decreased since at level 3 dS/m

of soil salinity (Yunita, 2018). The research objective

was to study the growth of several genotypes at 10

dS/m soil salinity level.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study was carried out in a greenhouse Balitkabi

in July - September 2017 used slight alfisol soil from

MunengProbolinggo. The soil was dried and put in

polibag 12 kg capacity, filled with 8 kg of soil. The

soil in polybag was irrigated up to 100% moisture

content. Phonska inorganic fertilizers were applicated

alongside the plants during planting. Each pot is

fertilized as much as 4 g per pot. At the beginning of

planting, each pot planted with four seeds and then

thinned at 15 days so that there were only two plants

per pot. Saline water was applied when entering V1

phase (after the first trifoliate is fully formed). During

the study, the crop is protected from pest, disease and

weed disturbances for getting optimal growth of

plants.

The study was arranged using a Randomized

Block Design with the various of genotype as

treatment. The various of genotypes were Deja 2,

Dering, Karat 13, Panderman, GepakKuning,

DaunLancip, Dega1 and Tanggamus. Variables

observed in this study include: plant height, root

length, stover weight, root dry weight and soil salinity

level at the age of 24 dap, 45 dap, 60 dap and 75 dap.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

There were variety response of several genotypes in

this research. That response show that every genotype

have different defense attact to salinity. Firstly, all

genotypes still alive at 45 days after planting (dap),

but at 60 dap Dering, Tanggamus, Gepakkuning were

dead, and only genotype DaunLancip could survive

up to 75 dap.

The Growth of Several Soybean Genotypes in the Saline Soil

1637

3.1 Plant Height

When it was 24 dap, Karat 13 was the highest plant

among 7 other genotypes, it was 23,9 cm. Then, when

at 45 dap, the height of the Gepak Kuning and

Tanggamus didn’t increased since 24 dap, which is

about 16 cm. While the height of Deja 2, Dering,

Karat 13, Panderman, DaunLancip, Dega1 increased

97.9%; 18.2%; 13.9%; 1.0%; 88.6%; and 76.9%

fromthe height plant at 24 dap. It very slight increased

plant growth when entering 60 dap, Deja 2 only

increased by 4.3%; Karat 13 increased by 3.4%,

Panderman increased by 0.3%; DaunLancip

increased by 2.2%; and Dega 1 increased 1.6%

compared to 45 dap, while Dering, Tanggamus,

GepakKuning were dead. Then at 75 dap, the height

of DaunLancip increased 12.2% compared to 60 dap,

while the others had died (Figure 1).

Similarity result was repoted by Abdelhamid et

al. (2013) that the plant height of faba bean decreased

with increasing salinity. At application NaCl 50 mM

and 100 mM, plant height of faba decreased 18.1%

and 22.9 % respectively from normal condition.

Dolatabadian et al. (2011) reported that the plant

height of soybean decreased since at 50 mM NaCl

consentration parallel with increasing NaCl

concentration. At level concentration of NaCl 25 mM,

50 mM and 100 mM, the plant height of soybean

decreased 0%; 11.9% and 33.3 % respectively from

normal condition. Queiroz et al. (2012) also reported

that the plant height of soybean decreased 15.6%;

25.8%; 33.9% from the normal condition at appliying

NaCl 50 mM, 100 mM and 200 mM respectively. El

Sabagh (2015) also reported that shoot dry weight of

genotypes were positively affected by increasing

salinity level. NaCl treatment stress highly significant

on soybean growth. It revealed that the shoot dry

matter was decreased with the increasing salinity

levels.

Figure 1. The Plant height of several genotypes at several

observation

3.2 Root Length

Only Deja 2 and Daunlancip whose roots continued

to grow up from 24 dap to 45 dap, that were 42.4%

and 112% respectively. While Dering, Panderman,

Gepakkuning, Daunlancip, Dega1 and Tanggamus

approximately decreased 29.0%, 42.9%, 20.3%,

16.9% and 60.8% compared to the root length at 24

daprespectively. The root length of Karat 13 tends to

be stable until 60 dap. Generally, the root length of

the plant decreases at 60 dap, it could caused by the

roots begin to fragile before the plant dies (at 75 dap).

The only one DaunLancip that still alive but also get

decreasing the length of roots at 75 dap. It was 31.3%

decreased length of root compared to 60 dap (Figure

2).

Agarwal et al. (2015) report that salinity has

differentially affected on root length growth depend

on genotypes tolerance. The inhibitory effect of

salinity gradually increases at 6 and 7.2 dS/m but

failed to produce roots at 10 dS/mand beyond.

Queiroz et al. (2012) also reported that the root length

of soybean decreased with increasing NaCl

concentration. At level concentration of NaCl 50 mM,

100 mM and 200 mM, the root length of soybean

decreased 8.9 % 23.2% and 15.9% respectively from

normal condition.

Figure 2. The Plant height of several genotypes at several

observation

3.3 Plant Dry Weight

When it was 24 dap, the Dega had the highest stover

weight compared to 7 other varieties, but at the age of

45 dap, all genotypes decreased dry stover weight

except Gepakkuning and Daunlancip genotypes. Deja

2, Dering, Karat 13, Panderman, Dega1 and

Tanggamus decreased dry stover weight up to 20.4%;

49.4%; 29.2%; 6.0%; 38.0%; and 69.2% respectively

24dap 45dap 60dap 75dap

Plantheight(cm)

Deja2

Dering

Karat13

Panderman

24dap 45dap 60dap 75dap

Rootlength(cm)

Deja2

Dering

Karat13

Panderman

Gepakkunin

Daunlancip

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

1638

compared to 24 dap. Whereas Gepakkuning

andDaunLancip increased dry stover by 2.3% and

102.2% compared to 24 dap respectively. Then at the

60 dap, GepakKuning was dead, while dry stover

weight of Karat 13 and DaunLancip increased dry

stover weight 96% and 206.3% compared to 45 dap.

While Deja 2, Pandeman, and Dega1 decreased dry

stover weight by 51.1%; 29.0% and 14.2% compared

to 45 hst. At 75 hst, only daunlancip genotypes that

survived but also get dry stover weight reduction by

29.1% compared to 60 dap (Figure 3).

Abdelhamid et al. (2013) reported that the

plant dry weight of faba bean decreased with

increasing salinity. At application NaCl 50 mM and

100 mM, plant dry weight of faba decreased 17.8%

and 48.4 % respectively from normal condition.

Dolatabadian et al. (2011) also reported that the plant

dry weight of soybean decreased with increasing

NaCl concentration. At level concentration of NaCl

25 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM, the weight of dry plant

decreased 50.6%; 71.4% and 88.9 % respectively

from normal condition. Queiroz et al. (2012) also

reported that the weight of soybean dry plant

decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. At

level concentration of NaCl 50 mM, 100 mM and 200

mM, the weight of soybean dry plant decreased

31.4% 40.9% and 62% respectively from normal

condition.

Figure 3. The dry stover weight of several genotypes at several

observation

3.4 Root Dry Weight

Dega 1 was the genotype which has the highest root

dry weight compared to the other seven genotypes at

24 dap, which is about 0.58 g/polybag. However, at

the age of 45 days after planting Deja 2 was a

genotype that had the highest dry root weight of 1.4

g/polybag or an increase of 441% from the 24 dap.

The growth of roof of DaunLancip was the highest of

other although it wasn’t the most drystover weight,

butit increase 651,5% compared by 24 dap, its about

0,8 g/polybag. Dering, Karat 13, Panderman,

GepakKuning, Dega 1 and Tanggamus only increased

47.3%, 160.7%; 265.6%; 188.9%; 103.4% and

140.5% respectively compared to 24 dap or 0.6

g/polybag; 0.8 g/polybag; 0.8 g/polybag; 0.4

g/polybag; 1.2 g/polybag; and 0.3 g/polybag. At 60

dap, only Karat 13 and Daunlancip genotypes that

increased the dry weight of roots, as many as 49.1%

and 54.8% compared to 45 dap as much as 1.15

g/polybag and 1.28 g/polybag. Deja 2, Panderman

and Dega 1 decreased dry root weight by 73% ; 62.0%

and 44.1% compared to 45 dap or about 0.4

g/polybag; 0.3 g/polybag; and 0.7 g/polybag. Dering,

GepakKuning and Tanggamus are dead on this time

(60 dap). At the age of 75 days, onlygenotypes

Daunlancip that still alive and get decreasing dry root

weight 47.7% compared to 60 dap or 0.7

g/polybag(Figure 4).

Dolatabadian (2011) result that the root dry

weight of soybean decreased with increasing NaCl

concentration. At level concentration of NaCl 25 mM,

50 mM and 100 mM, the weight of dry root decreased

45.1%; 76.8% and 90.2 % respectively from normal

condition. Queiroz et al. (2012) also reported that the

weight of root dry of soybean decreased with

increasing NaCl concentration. At level concentration

of NaCl 50 mM, 100 mM and 200 mM, the dry root

weight of soybean decreased 36.4% 42.4% and

45.5% respectively from normal condition.

Figure 4. The dry root weight of several genotypes at several

observation

3.5 Soil Salinity

Until the age of 24 dap, all genotypes still have the

same soil salinity which is 10 dS/m then get

decreasing at the age of subsequent observations. At

45 dap, the hardest decreased had occurred on Karat

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

24 dap 45 dap 60 dap 75 dap

Dry Stover weight (g)

Deja 2

Dering

Karat 13

Panderma

Gepakkuni

Daunlanci

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.2

1.4

1.6

24 dap 45 dap 60 dap 75 dap

Dry root weight (g)

Deja 2

Dering

Karat

Pander

man

Gepak

kuning

Daunl

ancip

Dega1

The Growth of Several Soybean Genotypes in the Saline Soil

1639

13, Daunlancip and Dega 1 genotype. These three

genotypes have soil salinity content between 4.3

dS/m - 4.6 dS/m. While the other five genotypes have

soil salinity content ranging from 5.5 dS/m - 8.8

dS/m. The soil salinity content of Daunlancip and

Dega 1 more decreased at 60 dap, it about 3.2 to 3.7

dS/m. While Deja 2, karat 13, Panderman, has soil

salinity ranging from 4.7 dS/m - 7.23 dS/m. Dering,

GepakKuning and Tanggamus are dead from the age

of 45 dap, its caused the soil salinity does not change

from the age of 60 hst up to 75 dap.

Figure 5. The soil salinity at several observation

3.6 Discussion

Daunlancip was categorized as resistant plant to high

salinity and Karat 13 was categorized as rather

resistant. Dering, Tanggamus, GepakKuning, Deja 2,

Panderman and Dega 1 were not resistant. Plants that

can survive at saline condition were plants that can

absorb the salt content in soil and able to excrete it.

These plants relatively has low level of electrical

conductivity in the soil and get high dry biomass

weight. For these plants, K

and Na

content are

needed for efficiency of cell membrane osmosis

regulation and growth of leaf area (Shabala et al.,

2010). This plant willhave stability of K

and Na

content although the soil electrical conductivity

levels were added (Aini et al., 2014

Genotypes that are not resistant to salinesoil

will get thinning cortex, thickening of cuticle and

xylem. The decreasing of cortex thickness caused by

salinity stress. In otherside, salinity stress caused a

greater deposition of lignin in vascular tissues and/or

xylem development. So, its condition induced

acceleration of the development of xylem stems.

(Dolabadian, 2011). Furthermore, J. López-Portillo et

al (2005) report that conductivity will decreases if

stems are fullfilled with lignin of extreme salinities.

This condition may inhibited the the growth, where

water is the main element needed by plants to carry

out photosynthesis. Otherwise the genotypes that

tolerant on salin soil will get relatively lower ion

leakage through roots, larger vascular region area,

and wide metaxylem vessel in roots and stems. Its

also had greater phloem and pith cell area in stems

that increased midrib thickness, cortical cell area,

metaxylem, and vascular bundle area area in leaves

with increase in salinity level. Furthermore, the

vascular region area in roots, vascular region

thickness, leaf thickness, epidermal thickness, in

leaves were better in with an increase in salinity levels

(Younis et al., 2013).

and Cl

content were generally increased

with an increasing salinity level. Its concentration in

shoot was higher than in roots. In the roots decreased

and in shoots increased under salt stress conditions.

In this salinesoil conditions, plant cells utilize K

as a

metabolite to maintain turgor to escape from osmotic

shock (El Sabagh et al., 2015). But for genotype that

tolerant in salinesoil, it could be low contents of Na

and Cl

in the tissues, and non-invasive micro-test

technique. Its revealed that the roots had higher

ability to extrude Na

and Cl

(Chen et al.2013).

The high K

and Na

content in plant also

reduced N and Mg uptake, where those are macro

element that needed on photosynthesis process

(Anitha and Usha, 2012, Subramanyam et al., 2012,

Aini et al. 2014

, Taufiq et al. 2015). Amirjani (2010)

report that salinity also decreased contents of Ca

and Mg

. Decreased on that contents were

significantly as salinity level increased. The contents

of Ca

decreased by 36, 46 and 57% when applied

with 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl, respectively of the

control. The content of Mg

36, 38 and 33%when

applied with 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl respectively

of the control.

Mannan et al. (2013) report that salinity

decrease in Relatif Water Conten (RWC) and

exudation on plant. Decrease of RWC was

pronounced especially at the later stages of plant

growth and at high concentrations of salinity. The

exudation rate of a plant becomes slower with

increase salinity. Decreasing exudation rate of plant

results in a lower water uptake by the plant. Water

required for plant cell turgidity and photosynthesis

process. If plant were not get enough water then the

cell turgor will be low and stomatal will close.

Stomatal closure caused the CO2 supply constrained,

then resulted photosynthetic prosess decreased (Aini

et al. 2014). The other side, a wide xylem diameter

will reduce cohesion speed that will affect the arrival

of water to the leaves then caused water uptake

dap

Sioil salinity (dS/m)

Deja 2

Dering

Karat 13

Panderman

Gepakkuning

Daunlancip

Dega1

Tanggamus

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

1640

decreased (Totoa and Yulismab, 2017; Hang and Mai,

2016; Khan et al., 2015). Furthermore, salinity

inhibited activation of rubisco enzyme due to the

decrease of rubisco activase content that became an

important limiting factor of photosynthesis (Chen et

al.2013) beside water. These phenomenon that caused

the weight of soybean biomass and its growth

decreased since 45 dap.

4 CONCLUSION

The soil salinity was decreased plant height, root

length, dry stover weight and dry root weight of

soybean. Decreasing of it variable were varied based

on potential defences of it genotype. Based on this

research could be said that all genotypes still live up

to 45 days, but at 60 dap, Dering,Tanggamus,

Gepakkuning was dead, and only DaunLancip can

survive up to 75 days.

REFERENCES

Abdelhamid, M., Sadak, M.SH., Schmidhalter U., El-

Saady, A.M. 2013. Interactive Effects Of Salinity Stress

And Nicotinamide On Physiological And Biochemical

Parameters Of Faba Bean Plant. Acta biologica.

Colombiana. Vol.18(3):499-510.

Agarwal, N., Kumar, A., Agarwal, S., Singh, A.. 2015.

Evaluation of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Cultivars

Under Salinity Stress During Early VegetativeGrowth.

nt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci Vol. 4(2):123-134.

Aini, N., Sumiya, W.D.Y., Syekhfani, Purwaningrahayu

R.D., Setiawan. A., 2014a. Study of Growth,

Chlorophyll Content and Results of Soybean (Glycine

max L.) Genotypes in Salinity Conditions".

Proceedings of the 2014 Suboptimal Land National

Seminar in Palembang September 26-27, 2014. ISBN:

979-587-529-9. (in Indonesia).

Aini, N., Sumiya, W.D.Y., Syekhfani, Purwaningrahayu

R.D., Setiawan. A., 2014b. Growth and physiological

characteristics of soybean genotypes (glycine max l.)

Toward salinity stress. Vol. 36, No. 3.

Ali Khan, M.S., Karim, M.A., Al-Mahmud, A., Parveen, S.,

Bazzaz, M.M., Hossain, M.A., 2015. Plant Water

Relations and Proline Accumulations in Soybean Under

Salt and Water Stress Environment. Journal of Plant

Sciences; 3(5): 272-278.

Amirjani, M.R. 2010. Effect of Salinity Stress on Growth,

Mineral Composition, Proline Content, Antioxidant

Enzymes of Soybean. American Journal of Plant

Physiology. Volume 5(6): 350-360.

Anitha, T., Usha, R., 2012. Effect of Salinity Stress On

Physiological Biochemical And Antioxidant Defense

Systems Of High Yielding Cultivars Of Soybean.

Internat. J. Pharma and Bio Sciences Vol. 4, No.

8,pp:851-864.

Bustingorri, C., Lavado, R., 2011. Soybean Growth Under

Stable Versus Peak Salinity. Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba,

Braz.), Vol.68, No.1, p:102-108.

Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS]. 2018. https://www.bps.go.id/

(Accessed Oktober 2018).

Chen, P., Yan, K., Shao, H., Zhao, S. 2013. Physiological

Mechanisms for High Salt Tolerance in Wild Soybean

(Glycine soja) from Yellow River Delta, China:

Photosynthesis, Osmotic Regulation, Ion Flux and

antioxidant Capacity. Journal Plos One. Vol. 8(12): 1-

12.

Dolatabadian A., Modarresanavy, S.A.M., Ghanati, F.,

2011. Effect of Salinity on Growth, Xylem Structure

and anatomical characteristic of soybean. Notulae

Scientia Biologicae No. 3, Vol. 1, pp. 41-45.

El Sabagh, A., Omar, A.E., Saneoka, H., Barutçular, C.,

2015. Physiological Performance Of Soybean

Germination And Seedling Growth Under Salinity

Stress. Dicle University Institute of Natural and

Applied Science Journal. 4(1): 6-15

Farhoudi, R., Tafti, M.M., 2011. Effect of Salt Stress On

Seedlings Growth & Ions Homeostasis Of Soybean

(Glycine max) Cultivars. Adv. Environ. Biol. 5: 2522-

2526.

Hang., H.T., Mai, L.Q., 2016. Effects of Salinity on

Soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.) DT26 Cultivar.

Natural Sciences and Technology Vol. 32, No. 15. p:

227-232.

HashiU.S.,Karim, A., Saikat, H.M.,Islam, R., Islam, M.A.,

2015. Effect of Salinity and Potassium Levels on

Different Morpho-Physiological Characters of two

Soybean (Glycine max L.) Genotypese. J Rice

Research. Vol.3 , No.3. P:1-5.

Hoseini, E.S., Delbari, M. 2015. Column leaching

experiments on saline soils of different textures in

Sistan plain. Journal Desert 20(2):207-215.

Kai Shu, Ying Qi, Chen, F., Meng, Y., Luo, X., Shuai,

H., Zhou, W., Ding, J., Du, J., Liu, J., Yang, F., Wang,

Q., Liu, W., Yong, T., Wang, X., Feng, Y., Yang, W.

2017. Salt Stress Represses Soybean Seed Germination

by Negatively Regulating GA Biosynthesis While

Positively Mediating ABA Biosynthesis. Front Plant

Sci.; 8: 1372.

Kuruseng, M.A., Farid, M., 2009. Analysis of Heritability

of Salinity-Resistant Corn and Drought Result of

Mutation Induction with Gamma Rays.

JurnalAgrisistem. Vol 5.No.1.(in Indonesia)

Kristiono, A., Purwaningrahayu, R.D., Taufiq, A., 2013.

Response of Soybeans, Peanuts, and Green Beans

Against Salinity Stresses. BuletinPalawija, Vol 26, pp.

45–60. (in Indonesia).

Kumar, A. 2017. Germination Behaviour of Soybean

Varieties under Different Salinity Stress. International

Journal of Applied Agricultural Research Vol 12(1):

69-76.

Mannan, M.A., Karim, M.A., Haque, M.M., Khaliq, Q.A.,

Higuchi, H., Nawata, E.. 2013. Response of Soybean to

The Growth of Several Soybean Genotypes in the Saline Soil

1641

Salinity: Water Status and Accumulation of Mineral

Ions.Tropical Agricultural Develop. 57(1)41

－

48.

Nasri, N., Saïdi, I., Kaddour, R., Lachaâl M. 2015. Effect

of Salinity on Germination,Seedling Growth and Acid

Phosphatase Activity in Lettuce. American Journal of

Plant Sciences , Vol (6): 57-63.

Purwaningrahayu, R.D., Taufiq, A., 2017. Morphological

Response of Four Soy Genotypes to Salinity Stresses,

JurnalBiologi Indonesia, No.13, Vol. 2, pp. 175-188.

(in Indonesia)

Putri, P.H., Susanto, G.W.A., Artari, R.. 2017. Response of

soybean genotypes to salinity in germination stage.

Nusantara Bioscience 9 (2): 133-137.

Queiroz, H.M., Sodek L., Haddad C.R.B. 2012. Effect of

salt on the growth and metabolism of Glycine max.

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. Vol.

55(6): 809-817.

Rachman, A., Subiksa, I.G.M., Erfandi, D., Slavich P.,

2008.Dynamics of tsunami affected soil properties. P

51-64. In: F.Agus and G. Tinning (Eds.). Proc. Of Inter.

Workshop on Post Trunami Soil Management. 180 pp

Shabala, S., Shabala, S., Cuin, T.A., Pang, J., Percey, W.,

Chen, Z., Conn, S., Eing, C., Wegner, L.H., 2010.

Xylem ionic relations and salinity tolerance in barley ”,

J. Agro Complex, Vol. 61, pp. 839-853.

Subramanyam, K., Arun, M., Mariashibu, T., Theboral, J.,

Rajesh, M., Singh, N.K., Manickavasagam, M.,

Ganapathi, A., 2012. Overexpression of tobacco

osmotin (Tbosm) in soybean conferred resistance to

salinity stress and fungal infections. Planta Vol 236. No

6. pp:1909-1925.

Taufiq, A., Purwaningrahayu, R.D., 2014. Effect of saline

stress on the performance of mung bean varieties in the

germination phase. P: 465-477. In: N. Saleh et al. (Eds).

Proceedings of the 2013 National Conference ILETRI,

Malang, May 22, 2013.

Tsegay, B.A., Gebreslassie, B. 2014. The effect of salinity

(NaCl) on germination and early seedling growth of

Lathyrus sativus and Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum.

African Journal of Plant Science. Vol. 8(5): 225-231.

Younis, A., Riaz A., Ikram S., Nawaz T., Hameed M.,

Fatima S., Batool R., Ahmad F. 2013. Salinity-induced

structural and functional changes in 3 cultivars of

Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G.Nicholson.

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 37: 674-

687.

Yuniati, R. 2004. Penapisan Galur Kedelai Glycine max (l.)

Merrill Toleran Terhadap Nacl Untuk Penanaman Di

Lahan Salin. MAKARA SAINS, Vol. 8(1): 21-24.

Yunita, S.R., Sutarno, Fuskhah, E., 2018. Response of

several varieties of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) to

the level of watering salinity, J. Agro Complex, No. 2,

Vol.01, pp: 43-51. (in Indonesia).

Totoa, Yulismab L., 2017. Analysis of the Application of

Style Concepts in Physics Related to the Field of

Biology". Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan dalam

Pendidikan Jasmani, No.1, Vol. 3, pp: 63-72. (in

Indonesia)

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

1642