Identification of Potential and Readiness of Malasari to Become
Tourism Village in Mount Halimun Salak
Ina Lidiawati
1
, Ratna Sari Hasibuan
1
and Sandi Lestari
1
1
Forestry Faculty Nusa Bangsa University, Bogor, Indonesia
Keywords: Malasari Village, Object and natural attractions (ODTWA), Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA).
Abstract: Malasari Village was a heart of Halimun because about 80% of its territory was located in the area of
Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS). The community cannot freely exploit the resources because they
live in the national park area. This village was one of the villages that had the potential and attractiveness
as one tourist attraction, has a natural ecosystem and has a unique, rare and beautiful natural community.
The purpose of this research was to determine the potential and readiness of the Malasari village
community to become a tourist village. The research method used was a description method by
identifying the potential of Malasari village using the criteria for ODTWA (assessment object and natural
attractions) assessment from the Forestry Department and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). The result
of this research were potentials of the Malasari village were Sawer Waterfall, Citamiang Waterfall,
Bombing Waterfall, Sugar Palm Making, terracing 1001 steps, Homestay Sijagur, Homestay Keramat,
and Seren Taun Culture in the Malasari Kesepuhan. The assessment of ODTWA was 75.92% so it was
feasible to be developed into tourism villages. The community will be ready to play an active role in
developing their village to become one of the community-based tourism villages.
1 INTRODUCTION
Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS) is often
close to a community, and usually creates conflict
between the community and the National Park
regarding resource utilization. The number of the
population increases and they fulfill their living
needs from the forest. This is often a dilemma. One
side of the ecosystem and forest resources is
expected to remain in good condition but on the
other hand, the lives of the surrounding and existing
communities in the region cannot be ignored. Under
this conditions will require a solution that can
accommodate the interests of various parties. An
alternative program that can meet the needs of the
community, especially economically, but the
program can also maintain the existing e
cosystem is tourism utilization. This is consistent
with Maulany, Putri and Achmad (2018) research in
which the potential of existing resources in an area
needs to be developed and utilized for the benefit
and welfare of the community without forgetting
conservation efforts so that a balance between
protection, preservation, and sustainable use was
achieved.
Malasari village is the heart of Halimun because
± 80% of its territory was within the Halimun Salak
National Park (TNGHS). Malasari villagers did not
freely use resources because they live in the
National Park. The national park is a natural
conservation area that has native ecosystems,
managed with zoning systems that are used for
research, science, education, tourism, and recreation
purposes.
Malasari village is one of the villages that have
potential and tourist attraction. Malasari village has
a representation of natural ecosystems, unique, rare
and beautiful natural communities. It can be used as
Objects for Nature Tourism (ODTWA). Malasari
village has unidentified tourism potential, so the
researchers want to know what are the potential that
exists in the Malasari’s village that can be used as a
tourist attraction and how prepared is the Malasari
community in accepting tourists who will come to
their village? The purposes of this research were to
find out about the potential of Malasari Village and
readiness of Malasari community to be a Tourism
Village. The expected result of this study was that
the Malasari people ready to accept local and foreign
tourists, so that the Malasari people earn their
income by the presence of tourists and the forests
where they live was maintained its sustainability.
2142
Lidiawati, I., Hasibuan, R. and Lestari, S.
Identification of Potential and Readiness of Malasari to Become Tourism Village in Mount Halimun Salak.
DOI: 10.5220/0009940121422150
In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 2142-2150
ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9
Copyright
c
2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
The paper is stage within four sections. In the
first section, the part elucidates the research
program, including the background, problem,
purpose, and objective. In the second section,
researchers demonstrate the methodology of the
research including population, procedure, sampling,
data collection, analysis, and instrument of the
study. Result and discussion are in the third section.
The last section is concluded by the fourth section.
2 RESEARCH METHODS
This research was carried out in Malasari Village,
Nanggung District, Bogor Regency, West Java, from
January to March 2018 (Figure 1).
The research tools used were stationery, cameras,
laptops, questionnaires. The method used was a
description method by identifying the potential of
Malasari village using the criteria for ODTWA
assessment from Forestry Department, this was in
accordance with research Susdianti, Hasibuan, and
Ariyani (2017), Haris, Soekmadi, and Arifin (2017),
Zen, Sadjati, and Ikhwan(2018).
Figure 1: Map of Research Locations in Malasari Village.
Tables 1-3 were questionnaires using the
ODTWA method. The total value for ODTWA
assessment criteria can be calculated by the
following equation.
S = N x B (1)
Where:
S = score a criterion
N = the number of elements in the criteria
B = value weight
Table 1: Criteria for Assessment of Natural Tourism
Attractiveness (Value Weight 6).
No
Element / SubElement Score
30 25 20 15 10
1
The uniqueness of natural
resources
a. Flora
b. Fauna
c. Culture
d. Waterfall
e. Historical place
2 The number of natural
resources that stand out :
a. Natural Beauty
b. Culture
c. Waterfall
3
Natural tourism activities that can
be done :
a. Enjoy Natural Beauty
b. Picnic
c. Natural Education
d. Research
e. Camping
4 Cleanliness of tourist sites, no
influence from:
a. Crowded Road
b. Settlement
c. Trash
d. Vandalism
5
Comfort
a. Clean and Fresh air
b. Free from noise
c. No annoying traffic
d. Good service for visitor
Table 2: Criteria for Assessment Accessibility (Value
Weight 5).
No
Element
/ Sub
Element
Score
1 Street
condition
Good
30
enough
25
moderate
20
bad
15
2
D
istance
from City
˂ 5
KM
30
5 – 35
KM
25
35 – 55
KM
20
55 – 75
KM
15
3 Travel
Time From
City
1 – 2
hours
30
2 – 3
hours
25
3 – 4
hours
20
≥ 5
hours
15
Table 3: Criteria for Assessment of Supporting Facilities
and Infrastructure (Value Weight 3).
No Element / Sub
Element
Score
1 facilities 50 40 30 20 10
a. Shop
b. Souvenir shop
c. Information
center
2 Supporting
infrastruktur
50 40 30 20 10
Identification of Potential and Readiness of Malasari to Become Tourism Village in Mount Halimun Salak
2143
a. Drinking Water
Network
b. Electric
network
c. Puskesmas
The feasibility index of an ecotourism area was
as follows:
Feasibility level <33.3%: not feasible to
be developed, with criteria for a tourist area
that has low potential, facilities, and
infrastructure based on predetermined
parameters and inadequate accessibility.
Feasibility level 33.3% - 66.6%: not yet
feasible to be developed, with the criteria of a
tourist area that has the potential, advice and
medium infrastructure based on the parameters
that have been established and supported by
sufficient accessibility.
Feasibility level> 66.6%: feasible to
develop, with criteria for a tourist area that has
potential, a set of parameters that have been
established and supported by adequate
accessibility.
To analyze the community readiness, the authors
were also using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
method. This method was the development of the
application of the research method of Participatory
Research Appraisal which involves the community
as the actors of the activity process and not as
objects, this was in accordance with Karim, (2017)
research. The stages in the participatory rural
assessment process include: a) Village preparation
with village officials determine the place and time,
coordinate with religious leaders and community
leaders, announce to the public about plans to assess
the condition of the village, prepare accommodation
and consumption and the necessary funds, determine
the information to be reviewed b) Conduct a review
of the state of PRA activities, share experiences and
knowledge, analyze experience and knowledge, and
summarize the results obtained through PRA
activities. c) Collection and formulation of the
results of the PRA with the community.
Sampling of Respondents
1. Society:
Determination of community respondents with
purposive sampling based on the number of active
population in Malasari Village. Determination of
respondents was set at 10% of the total
population/family, the population in 2017 was 187
family, so the number of respondents was 20 family.
2. Visitors
In this study the population was not known with
certainty so to determine the sample size,
researchers used accidental sampling. The sampling
unit was Malasari Village visitors with the
requirement that visitors be at least 15 years old and
maximum 50 years old, while the visitor
requirements were at least still in high school until
they had worked.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Identification of the Potential of
Malasari Village
Tourism potential was everything found in tourist
destinations and was an attraction for people to
come and visit the place. Ecotourism was an activity
to visit a natural area that was relatively undisturbed
with the aim of seeing, studying, and admiring the
beauty of nature, flora, fauna, and cultural aspects of
both the past and present contained within the
region.
3.1.1 Attraction
Based on Maharani (2016), Susdianti, Hasibuan, and
Ariyani (2017) attractiveness was a factor that
makes people want to visit and see directly to an
interesting place. Tourist attraction was anything
that has a unique, beautiful, and value in the form of
diversity of natural, cultural, and man-made wealth
which was the target or destination of tourist visits.
In general, tourist attraction was classified into three
classifications:
a) Natural tourist attraction
Natural tourist attraction comes from existing
natural conditions including proximity to the natural
surroundings or the environment such as beach
tourism, marine tourism, mountain nature tourism,
wild and remote areas, park and conservation areas.
b) Cultural attractiveness
A cultural appeal has objects derived from socio-
cultural conditions of the community or relics such
as the condition of community customs, social
conditions of the community, and traditional events.
c) Man-made attractiveness (including
artificial / special)
This man-made attraction was an attraction that
develops something that was sourced from man-
made or included as a special attraction such as
people's amusement parks, festivals - music
festivals, annual festivals or locations of
competitions (boats, crosses, etc).
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3.1.2 The Uniqueness of Natural Resources
The tourist attractions found in Malasari Village
were five unique natural resources, namely flora,
fauna, historical, cultural and waterfall places so that
the unique value was 30 with a total of 180 (Table
4). Flora found in the form of Beringin trees (Ficus
benjamina), Rasamala (Schima walichii), Mango
(Mangifera sp), Puspa (Altingia excelsa), and
palawija crops. The fauna found were White Starling
(Acridotheres melanopterus), Elang Brontok
(Nisaetus cirrhatus), Javan gibbon (Hylobates
moloch), Lutung (Trachypithecus) and Monkey
(Macaca fascicularis).
There was the first Bogor Regent pavilion Ipik
Gandamanah (Figures 2) and the Atmosphere in the
Boepati Pendopo (Figure 3). Historical tourism in
the first Bogor regent's house was used to carry out
all activities of the Bogor regency government in
1947. At that time Ipik Gandamanah received an
assignment from the government of the Republic of
Indonesia to arrange the Bogor regency
administration which was centered in the Jasinga
region. After Ipik Gandamanah was appointed as the
first Bogor regent, it was in Malasari Village that
government activities were carried out long enough.
3.1.3 Prominent Natural Resources
Prominent natural resources were a natural beauty,
waterfalls, and culture. Prominent natural resources
get a value of 20 with a total value of 120, so the
total attractiveness was 780 (Table 4) and the
feasibility index was 86.66% so that it was feasible
to develop (Table 6). The natural beauty that stands
out one of them was the presence of frequent
terraces in Malasari Village, precisely in Sijagur,
which were terraced rice fields known as "1001
undak rice fields" and have the charm of the beauty
of Bali in Bogor (Figure 4). According to Ilahude,
and Iswati (2015), terracing was a mechanical soil
and water conservation building that was made to
shorten the length of the slope and or reduce the
slope with excavation and soil sloping roads across
the slope.
Figure 2: Pavilion Ipik Gandamanah.
Figure 3: The Atmosphere in the Boepati Pendopo.
The purpose of making terraces was to reduce
runoff and increase water infiltration, resulting in
reduced soil loss. Soil and water conservation were
two interrelated things. Various soil conservation
measures automatically were also water
conservation measures. Many kinds of engineering
methods for soil and water conservation in soil
management, one of them was terracing.
Figure 4: Terracing 1001 Undak Rice Sijagur.
Identification of Potential and Readiness of Malasari to Become Tourism Village in Mount Halimun Salak
2145
One of the waterfalls in Malasari village was
Sawer waterfall (Figure 5). Sawer in the Sundanese
equivalent was giving money by throwing it, called
the Sawer waterfall because there was a myth that
develops in the surrounding community that if
someone throws a coin into a waterfall, it was
believed that the money thrower will soon get his
soul mate. Besides Sawer waterfall, there were
Citamiang waterfalls and Bombang waterfalls.
Local wisdom found in Malasari village were
“Sidekah Bumi” (Figure 6) and “Seren Taun”
(Figure 7). According to Sukmayadi (2016), local
wisdom comes from two words, wisdom, and local.
In general, local wisdom can be understood as local
ideas that were wise, full of wisdom, good value,
embedded and followed by members of the
community.
Figure 5: Sawer Waterfall.
Local wisdom was the wisdom or original
knowledge of a society that comes from the noble
values of cultural traditions to regulate the order of
society. Local wisdom can also be defined as local
cultural values that can be used to regulate the order
of community life wisely. The traditional forest
buffer community "Kasepuhan" recognizes their role
as part of the social environment and knows how to
adjust to each culture involved in social relations.
Starting from the philosophy of life contained in a
belief that considers that "Mother Earth, Father of
Heaven" which means was the integrity of the earth
along with all its contents must be carefully guarded,
because if there was one element that was damaged
will result in damage to the balance of the ecosystem
region process (Rusmana, 2017).
Kesepuhan of Malasari Abah Odon (Saepudin)
has the slogan “Nyoreang Alam Katukang nyawang
mangsa anu bakal datang”, which means seeing
what has happened, going through the future.
Figure 6: Shows the Situation of the Seren Taun
Celebration.
Figure 7: The ceremony of Seren Taun by Abah Udin
(Solehudin).
“Sidekah Bumi” was a Thanksgiving activity for
Hyang Widi to plant rice to avoid pests and produce
a satisfying harvest. Management was carried out by
the community, with leuweung stratification
(leuweung deposited, closed, & arable), Seren Taun
was done with gratitude for the harvest that was free
from zakat which was then put into "LEUIT" to be
stored which will become food reserves (every the
family was obliged to give up rice for one adult. The
implementation of seren taun activities was held in
the third week of Muharam
.
“Seren Taun” and “Sidekah Bumi” ceremonial
activities in Malasari village can be made into an
annual program to bring tourists. These activities
can cooperation with the local government and
national parks. This was according to Maulany, Putri
and Achmad (2018) that there needs to be
cooperation with government, community, and
visitor to make succeed in tourism activities. This
activity can be one of Malasari's village incomes so
they didn't damage the forest.
The existence of culture in Malasari Village can
support the village to become a tourist village
because tourists can spend time in the community to
saw cultural celebrations like Seren Taun and
Sidekah Bumi. This was according to Putri,
Dewanti, and Muntaha (2017) which states that
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cultural factors can support a village to become a
tourist village.
There was palm sugar production beside “Seren
Taun and Sidekah Bumi”, (Figure 8). Palm sugar
was forest product that can be used. Production
palm sugar, starting from taking “nira" until the
process of making sugar can be used as educational
tours. This was a traditional way of making palm
sugar. Tourist can be brought the souvenir from the
production of palm sugar (Figure 9) so that it can
become income for the community and community
still protected forest. Tourist can interact directly
with the community about how to make palm sugar,
this was in accordance with Hidayat, Abdilah, and
Hakim (2018) research about making coffee tours.
Figure 8: Process Making Palm Sugar.
Figure 9: Souvenir from Palm Sugar.
Table 4: Results of an Assessment of the Attractiveness
Component in the Malasari Village area (Value weight 6).
No
Element /
Sub
Element
Amou
nt
Description
value
weight
Score
Total
Score
1
The
uniqueness
of natural
resources
5 Flora,
Fauna,
Cultural,
Waterfall,
Historical
Place
6 30 180
2 The number
of natural
resources
that stand
out
3 Natural
beauty,
culture,
waterfall
6 20 120
3 Natural
tourism
activities
that can be
done
5 Enjoy
natural
beauty,
picnic,
natural
education
, research,
camping
6 30 180
4 Cleanliness
of tourist
sites
4 Crowded
street,
Settlemen
t,
garbage,
vandalis
m
6 25 150
5 Comfort 4 Clean and
fresh air,
Free from
noise, No
annoying
traffic,
Good
service
for visitor
6 25 150
Attractiveness score 130 780
3.2 Accessibility
Accessibility was a factor that makes it easier for
visitors to travel from the place of residence to the
location of the tourist attraction that will be visited.
Accessibility addresses the distance, road conditions,
and travel time from the city center. The time to
Malasari Village, 2 hours 45 minutes from the city
of Bogor by motorcycle. To go to Malasari Village,
usually, use public transportation because there was
no other mode of transportation to reach the village.
Travel time using public transport was certainly
longer than using your own private vehicle. The
travel time to Malasari Village about 2-3 hours from
downtown. Bogor was also one of the factors which
were an obstacle because visitors consider the travel
time to be too long.
The total value of the accessibility component
was 275 (Table 5) with a total feasibility index of
61.11% (Table 6) based on the feasibility index
including not yet feasible to develop due to poor
road conditions that require attention from
government to make Malasari village a tourist
village. According to Sukmayadi (2016), Zen,
Sadjati, and Ikhwan (2018)
accessibilities were an
important factor and the key to the success of
developing a tourism village. If an
accessibility
was not supported these attractions were very
difficult to become a tourism industry. Tourism
activities depend a lot on transportation and
communication due to distance and time factors that
greatly affect one's desire to take a tour.
Identification of Potential and Readiness of Malasari to Become Tourism Village in Mount Halimun Salak
2147
Table 5: Results of the Assessment of Accessibility
Components towards the Malasari Village Tourism Area
(Value weight 5).
No
E
lement/
Sub-element
D
escription
Value
Weight
Score
1 Street
Condition
Bad 5 15
2
D
istance From
Cit
y
55-75 Km 5 15
3
Travel time
from the city
2-3 Jam 5 25
Accessibility score
3.3 Supporting Facilities and
Infrastructure
The role of supporting facilities and infrastructure
was to facilitate visitors in enjoying the potential and
attraction of nature tourism. Facilities were one of
the supporting factors that facilitate visitors in
enjoying tourism directly (Figure 10). The
accommodation was everything that was provided to
meet one's needs when traveling. such as staying,
eating, drinking, bathing and so on (Susdianti,
Hasibuan, and Ariyani, 2017). The meaning of
tourism facilities was a company that provides
services to tourists both directly and indirectly.
Tourism infrastructure was "all facilities that allow
tourism facilities to live and thrive and can provide
services to tourists to meet their diverse needs ".
The total value of facilities and infrastructure is
240 (Table 6) with an 80.00% feasibility index
(Table 7) so that it was feasible to develop.
Supporting facilities in the Malasari village such as
homestay, “puskesmas”, shops, electricity and water
facilities making it easier for tourists to visit
Malasari. In this case, homestay in Malasari was a
residential house, so the homestay must be clean to
make tourists feel comfortable to travel in the village
of Malasari. With the facilities provided by the
community to tourists so that it can be an alternative
income for the community. This is According to
Pujianti,Normelani, and Aristin (2017), Gustin and
Koswara (2018) and Paulangan (2018). Based on
the results of the Vitasurya (2016) research, “the
income of the Pentingsari villagers increased”.
“With the tourism village, all people have their
respective roles, namely homestays (83%), tour
guides (25.5%), art event guides (12.8%), food
industry (17%), handicraft industries (6, 4%),
Table 6: Total value of facilities and infrastructure
No
Element/
Sub element
Amount Description Wight
o
re
r
e
1
Infrastructure
Facilities
3
p,
Souvenir
Shop and
Informatio
n Center
3
0
120
2
Supporting
Infrastructure
3
i
nking
Water
Network,
Electrical
network,
Puskesmas
3
0
120
Supporting Facilities and Infrastructure Score
0
240
catering (16.1%)”. “The most dominant form of
community participation can be seen in the form of
homestay tourist attractions. Villagers voluntarily
carry out various forms of development to improve
the quality of homestay services in Pentingsari
village”.
Figure 10: Homestay at Malasari.
The results of the assessment that has been carried
out on the potential of Malasari Village can be seen
that the location was very likely to be used as one of
the natural tourist destination with a value index of
75.92% (Table 7), because it provides good
feasibility values tobe developed from the criteria
that have been assessed namely attractiveness,
accessibility and also supporting facilities and
infrastructure for tourist areas. If the value level >
66.6% was feasible to be developed.
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3.4 Identify Readiness of the Malasari
Community to Become a Tourist
Village
The Method used to saw the readiness of Malasari
village was PRA. The application of Participatory
Rural Appraisal (PRA) method was one of the
strategies to empower the community (Figure 11).
Results from PRA that the community really hopes
some training regarding the development of a
tourism village.
Table 7: Results of Assessment of the Supporting
Facilities and Infrastructure Components in the Tourist
area of Malasari Village.
No Criteria
Weigh
t
Total
Scor
e
Score
Max
Index
(%)
Informatio
n
1 Attractivene
ss
6 130 780 900 86,
66
Feasib
ility
2 Accessibility 5 55 275 450 61,
11
Not
feasibi
lity
3 Supporting
Facilities
and
Infrastructur
e
3 80 240 300 80,
00
Feasib
ility
Feasibility Score
75,9
2
The challenges faced were as follows, village
officials or village institutions that may not work in
accordance with their roles and functions, lack of
human resources, lack of funds and no support from
any party to plan tourism village development
activities. The response from the Malasari village
community was satisfactory, they were excited and
they were ready to contribute an active role in order
to develop the tourism village (Table 8).
The Malasari community must play an active
role in the development of the village because it will
open employment and business opportunities. If the
community did not play an active role then the
development of tourism villages will run slowly.
The active role of the community will have an
impact on increasing people's income so that the
community continues to conserve the forest in the
Halimun Salak National Park. This is in accordance
with research Widodo, Soekmadi & Arifin (2018)
Figure 11: Activities of Participatory Rural Appraisal in
Malasari.
Table 8: Result Participatory Rural Appraisal
No
Rated
Aspect
Community
Condition
Information From
PRA Result
1. Economic Weak
Society in
term of
capital
Making proposals
for funds and funds
that have been
given by the
Government
should be used in
accordance with
their needs and
there must be
transparency of
funds
2. Socio-
Cultural
-Weak
village
instruments
and
institutions
- Lack of
support in
activities
and
communitie
s still feel
less
confident to
be involved
in planning
tourism
village
developme
nt activities
The village
institution must
function better and
play a role in
accordance with its
objectives
The community
was given training
so that they will
understand and be
involved in the
planned activities
for developing
village tourism
3. Manageme
nt
The
community
is still less
involved by
village
officials
Malasari Village
community
4. Expected
Manageme
nt
Activities
carried out
sometimes
through
certain
individuals
The activities
carried out must be
through
collaboration
between
communities rather
than individuals
Identification of Potential and Readiness of Malasari to Become Tourism Village in Mount Halimun Salak
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4 CONCLUSION
The potentials of Malasari village were Sawer
Waterfall, Citamiang Waterfall, Bombing Waterfall,
Making terracing 1001 undak, and Seren Taun
Culture in the Malasari Kesepuhan. The assessment
of ODTWA was Attractiveness 86,66 %,
Accessibility 61,11%, Supporting Facilities and
Infrastructure 80,00%, and Feasibility Score 75.92%
so it is feasible to be developed into tourism
villages.
The community will be ready to play an active
role in developing their village to become one of the
community-based tourism villages. This contribution
from both the community and local government
would be useful for preserving the environment and
increasing the economic income of the Malasari
Village.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Acknowledgments to Mount Halimun Salak
National Park (TNGHS) has facilitated the authors
in this study.
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