Development of Piconet Pervasive System through Bluetooth

Network as Learning Media in Higher Education

Andi Hasad

, Abdul Hafid Paronda

and Dindin Abidin

Electronic Department, Universitas Islam 45, Jl. Cut Meutia 83, Bekasi, Indonesia

Health and Physical Education Department, Universitas Islam 45, Jl. Cut Meutia 83, Bekasi, Indonesia

Keywords: Development of Piconet Pervasive system, transmission of data streaming video rate, quality of service.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a Piconet Pervasive system using a client-server connection point

to multi-point topology using the Android operating system on the client side and optimize data rate

transmission (throughput, delay, jitter and packet loss values) that meet Cisco's standard video streaming QoS,

on video streaming via Bluetooth networks. Research methods include Piconet Pervasive Bluetooth network

system analysis, system design, audio-video compression, track hints, system testing, system performance

measurement, analysis of measurement results, expert performance assessment, system optimization and

implementation of learning activities. The results expected through this study are generated systems that

produce the best performance and best parameters on data streaming video rates that meet Cisco's standard

video streaming QoS for throughput, delay, jitter and packet loss values. This study produces the smallest

packet loss value of 3.50% in an environment that does not have Wi-Fi and 4.01% in an environment that has

Wi-Fi, at a client-server distance of 5 m, namely by analyzing and optimizing the performance of the Piconet

Pervasive system. The results of this study can be implemented as learning media in universities based on

Bluetooth technology that is low power, low-cost and easy to use.

1 INTRODUCTION

Research on Bluetooth networks in the field of

information and communication technology or the

field of electrical engineering as a supporting learning

infrastructure has been developed. Wang X. (2004)

conducted a study to develop communication

between cellular phones and computers, finding that

the main thing that became the biggest challenge on

Bluetooth networks was the limited bandwidth,

which was 732 kbps. In 2008, Catania and Zammit

tested streaming video using a Bluetooth network on

a computer with a Linux operating system, resulting

in the time needed for streaming video transmission,

the greater the size of the data packet sent. This study

also resulted in the difference in the Bluetooth version

on the cellular phone side, having an influence on the

number of data packets that could be received by the

cellular telephone.

Gupta, Singh and Jain in 2010, developed a

system to make it easier for students to understand the

working principle of video transmission using

Bluetooth networks, by testing various video

streaming transmissions using Bluetooth networks on

cellular phones to stream video clips and real-time

videos from cellular phones to computers and from

computers to cellular phones, using the Java platform.

As a result, the quality of the video sent decreases

with increasing distance and the presence of Wi-Fi

interference. In a study conducted by Jung C., Kim

K., Seo J., Silva BN, and Han K. in 2017,

recommending that for peer-to-peer and client-server

communications carried out on 1 channel, the

protocol that can be used is RFCOMM, while for

many clients, using point to multi-point topology, the

protocol used is L2CAP.

Some ways to deal with the weakness of video

streaming using Bluetooth networks include video

compression, QoS control, and intermediate

protocols. Video compression is used to eliminate

excess video data information, thereby increasing

efficiency in Bluetooth network transmission. QoS

which includes congestion control and error control is

used to handle packet loss, reduce delay and improve

video quality, while intermediate protocols are used

to split video data into packets before being sent

(Banerjee et al., 2010).

Hasad, A., Haﬁd Paronda, A. and Abidin, D.

Development of Piconet Pervasive System through Bluetooth Network as Learning Media in Higher Education.

DOI: 10.5220/0009947530873091

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 3087-3091

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

3087

Margaret T. and Kathrine SA (2012) conducted

research to collect data through investigations to their

students about their perception of Bluetooth security,

resulting in communication via Bluetooth can be safe

but still careful in its use. This study suggests that

learning about Bluetooth communication technology

be included in the college curriculum.

Research conducted by Mahajan, Verma, Erale,

Bonde and Arya (2014) resulted in a Bluetooth

system that can be integrated into Android, which is

the main cellular phone operating system as a mobile

communication tool today. This study also developed

a chat application using 2-way communication on a

Bluetooth network, without other infrastructure. This

research is used to develop learning processes based

on Bluetooth networks.

Previous research conducted by Hasad A. and

Paronda AH. (2016) on a Bluetooth Piconet Pervasive

system, it produces the best performance from the

system in transmitting data rates via Bluetooth

networks. But the research still runs on the symbian

platform on the client side. Therefore, in this research

Piconet Pervasive system was developed, which runs

on the Android open source operating system on the

client side; which is a cellular phone operating system

that is widely used today. The system produces the

best performance on the transmission of real-time

video streaming data rates through the Bluetooth

Piconet Pervasive network, according to Cisco

streaming video standards.

The purpose of this study was to develop a

Piconet Pervasive system that uses a client-server

connection point to multi-point topology using the

Android and Symbian operating systems on the client

side (cellular phones), which meet the video

streaming QoS standards, both when transmitting

video streaming data rates and on the system Piconet

Pervasive, in environments that have Wi-Fi

interference or that do not have Wi-Fi interference.

The results expected through this research are a

system that has the best performance and best

parameters for video streaming data rate transmission

that meets Cisco standard video streaming QoS for

throughput, delay, jitter and packet loss values for

video streaming applications on the environment.

which does not have Wi-Fi interference or in an

environment that has Wi-Fi interference.

The results of this study can also be implemented

on Bluetooth technology-based learning that is low

power, low-cost and easy to use in the teaching and

learning process in universities can improve student

skills so that it is in line with the demands of the

business world and industry..

2 RESEARCH METHODS

This research was conducted in the laboratory of

Electrical Engineering Telecommunications of

Universitas Islam 45 in Bekasi and in the laboratory

of the Network Computer Centric (NCC) Department

of Computer Science, Bogor Agricultural University

which runs from January to April 2018.

The material used in this study is a video with a

.3gp format with a data rate of 8 kbps. Video encoding

resolution is 176x144 pixels. The tools used in the

server-side development environment include

computers that have Intel Core i5 CPU processor

specifications, 8 GB RAM, system type: 64 bit OS,

Microsoft Windows 10 Operating System, USB

Bluetooth Generic, Intel (R) Core (TM) computers i3-

3110 M 2.40 GHz CPU, 4 GB RAM, 32 bit system

type, Windows 10 Operating System, Wireshark

Software and Darwin Streaming Server. In the client-

side development environment cell phones are used

which have specifications for Android OS and

Symbian OS, Bluetooth v 4.0. Supporting software

used include GnuBox, AnalogX, and MP4Box.

The research method includes several stages of

research, including Piconet Pervasive Bluetooth

network system analysis, system design, audio-video

compression, track hint, optimization, system testing,

performance measurement, and analysis of

measurement results, system optimization, and

implementation.

1. Piconet Pervasive Bluetooth System Analysis

The Pervasive Piconet system is a piconet system

that connects two different devices so that the

existence of these different devices is no longer felt

(Arnaldy, 2010). At this stage, identification of the

needs of the Bluetooth Piconet Pervasive network

system. Needs identification is based on literature

studies and literature on hardware and software

needed during the research. Literature studies also

include multimedia on cellular phones, audio video

processing, Bluetooth connections from cellular

phones to computers, and from computers to cellular

phones.

2. System Design

At this stage, prototype design and construction is

carried out for Bluetooth connections from the

computer (server) to the cellular telephone (client).

The design and configuration carried out on the server

side consist of software and hardware. On the server-

side, the software used is Darwin Streaming Server

and AnalogX, DSS is an open source version of

Quicktime Streaming Server (QSS) and can run on

Windows, Linux and Mac OS operating systems

(Klingsheim, 2004).

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Configuration on the client side (cellular

telephone) has done by installing the Gnubox

software, then configuring the access point. After that

proceed with the configuration on Gnubox.

3. Audio Video Compression

The compression process is used to reduce the

video data rate. Data must be compressed before

sending it via a Bluetooth network (Banerjee, 2010).

The compressed data consists of two parts, namely

audio and video, including frame size, frame rate,

codec, audio rate, sample rate and channels. The

video compression format used is 3gp, while audio is

amr. The video that has been compressed is then sent

via a Bluetooth network with a limited bandwidth of

732 kbps (Wang, 2004).

4. Hint Track

Before the video is sent, the hint track process is

first done so that the video can be run/played on the

client video player. The hint track process is needed

to give information to the video so that it is ready to

be sent and can be recognized by the client

(Austerberry, 2005). In this study, the hint track

process has done by using open source tools called

MP4Box. Bandwidth obtained from this process is

the limit of videos that can be sent (Arnaldy, 2010).

5. Optimization

This stage has done when the system can work but

has not yet produced the expected value based on

Cisco's standard video streaming QoS. Optimization

on the server has done by tuning up the DSS by

installing Active Perl to maximize DSS performance,

while on the client side optimization was done by

minimizing running background, which consumes

memory on cell phones (Hasad A., 2017).

6. System Testing

System testing aims to determine the ability of the

Bluetooth network as a video streaming media and to

find out the quality of the video received on the client

side. Testing has done using the Darwin Streaming

Server, and AnalogX proxy on the server and

GnuBox side as well as the real player on the client

side. The protocol used is RFCOMM with an

intermediate protocol in the form of Internet Protocol

(IP).

Testing has done on the size of the video data rate

and different distances. The video data rate tested is 8

kbps with a resolution of 176 x 144 pixels encoding,

while the distance to be tested is 5 meters.

7. Performance Measurement

The parameters used in measuring the

performance of this Bluetooth network are

throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss.

Measurement of this parameter uses capture network

traffic, namely Wireshark.

3 RESULT

The measurement starts with sending a video that

is 5 m away from the server, in an environment that

does not have Wi-Fi (-100 dBm), and an environment

that has Wi-Fi signal strength of -78 dBm and -58

dBm. After each video is measured, then a

comparison and analysis of the measurement

parameters between the videos are carried out. The

results of measuring video streaming at 8 kbps data

rate and 5 m client-server distance as shown in Table

Based on Table 1, it can be seen that in an

environment that does not have Wi-Fi (-100 dBm),

the highest value for throughput parameters is 4.59

packets / second and the lowest value is 4.52 packets

/ second with an average of 4.56 packages/second.

The delay parameter has the highest value of 0.29

milliseconds and the lowest value is 0.25

milliseconds with an average value of 0.27

milliseconds. For the jitter parameter, the highest

value is 0.02 milliseconds and the lowest is 0.01

milliseconds with an average value of 0.01

milliseconds. The packet loss parameter has the

highest value of 3.52% and the lowest value is 3.50%

with an average value of 3.51%.

In the delay parameter, the value obtained is in

milliseconds, with the highest value of 0.29

milliseconds, this is in accordance with Cisco's QoS

standard which allows a maximum of 5 seconds to

stream video streaming. While the jitter parameters in

video streaming do not have standard standards

because streaming video is not a jitter sensitive based

on criteria issued by Cisco (Szigeti and Hattingh,

2004). The Jitter parameter is closely related to the

delay parameter, the jitter parameter can be used to

determine the stability of the data packet

transmission, the closer the value of 0 is the more

stable data transmission.

In packet loss parameters, the highest value of

packet loss is 3.52%, where the average value is

3.51%. This value is still included in the standard for

streaming video based on Cisco QoS, where the

standard value that is still allowed is <5%.

In environments that have Wi-Fi (-78 dBm and -

58 dBm), the highest value for throughput parameters

is 4.45 packets / second and the lowest value is 4.26

packages / second with an average of 4.43 packets /

second in the environment with Wi-signal Fi -78 dBm

and 4.29 packets / second in an environment with a

Wi-Fi signal of -58 dBm. This shows that the stronger

the Wi-Fi interference, the lower the throughput

value.

Development of Piconet Pervasive System through Bluetooth Network as Learning Media in Higher Education

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Table 1. The measurement results carried out on the client-server distance are 5 m

Parameters

Wi-fi : -100 dBm Wi-fi : -78 dBm Wi-fi : -58 dBm

M-1 M-2 M-3 M-4 Ave M-1 M-2 M-3 M-4 Ave M-1 M-2 M-3 M-4 Ave

Throughput

(packet/second)

4.52 4.54 4.58 4.59 4.56 4.44 4.42 4.45 4.39 4.43 4.33 4.29 4.26 4.29 4.29

Delay

(millisecond)

0.25 0.26 0.28 0.29 0.27 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.55 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.62

Jitter

(millisecond)

0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

Packet Loss

(%)

3.50 3.52 3.51 3.51 3.51 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.02 4.01 4.20 4.21 4.26 4.27 4.24

Figure 1. Comparison of measurement results at 8 kbps and 16 kbps data rates

The delay parameter has the highest value of 0.63

milliseconds and the lowest value is 0.52

milliseconds with an average value of 0.55

milliseconds in an environment with a Wi-Fi signal

of -78 dBm and 0.62 milliseconds in an environment

with a Wi-Fi signal of -58 dBm. These results indicate

that the stronger the Wi-Fi interference, the greater

the delay. For jitter parameters, the highest value is

0.04 milliseconds and the lowest is 0.01 milliseconds

with an average value of 0.02 milliseconds in an

environment with a Wi-Fi signal of -78 dBm and 0.04

milliseconds in an environment with a Wi-Fi signal

of -58 dBm.

The difference in the numbers obtained by the

relatively small difference in value indicates the

stability of the network used. It can be seen that there

is a decrease in the average value of the jitter in an

environment that has a higher Wi-Fi interference that

is 0.04 milliseconds on the Wi-Fi signal of -78 dBm

to 0.02 milliseconds in the Wi-Fi signal of -58 dBm.

In an environment with Wi-Fi signal of -78 dBm,

packet loss parameter values obtained have the

highest value of 4.02% and the lowest is 4.01% with

an average value of 4.01%, while in environments

with Wi-Fi signal -58 dBm, the value packet loss

parameters obtained have the highest value of 4.27%

and the lowest is 4.20% with an average value of

4.24%. This shows that the stronger the Wi-Fi

interference on the network, the greater the value of

packet loss.

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4 CONCLUSIONS

In this research, the Piconet Pervasive system was

successfully developed from earlier research

conducted by Hasad A. and Paronda AH. (2017)

which analyzed the data rate and the effect of W-Fi

interference on video streaming from server to client

on the Bluetooth Piconet Pervasive network, by

adding the use of Android OS and Symbian OS on the

client side.

All data delay and packet loss, which was

obtained in this research have met Cisco streaming

video standards; with a standard maximum packet

loss is 5%.

This research produces the value of the smallest

packet loss of 3.50% and the largest packet loss of

3.52% in an environment that does not have Wi-Fi

and the smallest packet loss value of 4.01% and the

largest packet loss of 4.27% in an environment that

has Wi-Fi, the client-server distance 5 m, that is by

doing optimization to get the best performance on the

Piconet Pervasive system.

The results of this research have implemented as

a learning media in universities, based on Bluetooth

technology that is low power, low-cost and easy to

use. hope you find the information in this template

useful in the preparation of your submission.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research is supported by Indonesian Ministry

of Research and Technology, General Directorate of

Higher Education, Institutional National Strategy

Research scheme.

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