Social Organization Network Concern of Community and

Community Surrounding of Breast Cancer Patients

Agustrisno and Nurman Achmad

Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara,Jl. Prof. A. Sofyan, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Breast Cancer Patients, Concerns, Relatives, Surrounding Communities, YKI, Social Organization Networks.

Abstract: Breast cancer sufferers in reality are often overlooked by those around them, whether relatives or the

surrounding community. The problem faced is from the point of view of the people closest to the sufferer.

How do they care about the sufferer? In addition, breast cancer sufferers are only seen in terms of medical

treatment alone, when in fact social and emotional handling of the people closest to the patient is actually

needed to be a major factor in the treatment of breast cancer patients. There is an institution formed to tackle

the problem of breast cancer, YKI (Indonesian Cancer Foundation), but its activities are more focused on

prevention efforts, rather than treatment of those who have already suffered. The organizational network for

rehabilitating patients who have already suffered is very minimal. As a result, very few sufferers experience

healing again. Therefore, efforts are needed to build solidarity in the form of an effective social organization

network as a companion to YKI activities.

1 INTRODUCTION

Patients with breast cancer are not merely physical

sufferers, ie there is a threat to the internal organs. But

the greatest pain is sustaining a psychological attack

due to the disease he suffered. Fear of death actually

sometimes accelerates his death as well. But with the

help and support of people around, patients can fill

their lives better. It is not uncommon to find them

filling up more of their lives by doing good for others

for the rest of their lives.

Support can be trusted to strengthen each

individual sufferer, increasing appreciation for

himself, in facing the challenges of everyday life. The

most fundamental threat for a patient with breast

cancer is how he must survive with the condition of

the disease. Social support is a strength needed by

breast cancer sufferers. In this case the support of the

family and surrounding community seems to have not

touched as expected, even though there are formal

institutions that handle it.

To realize this expectation, by conducting in-

depth interviews in addition to interviewing relatives

and family members of patients, as well as

neighboring patients with patients who are in their

environment. Hopefully, they interact more often

with sufferers on a daily basis. Then also strengthened

by the FGD (Focus Group Discusion) method so as to

obtain accurate information to be used as a policy

analysis in drafting strategies for handling patients

with breast cancer. However, how that support is

interpreted in the form of care, is a problem to be

seen. As it is known that the handling of breast cancer

sufferers requires their own way so that the family

and those around them do not come exposed or cause

feelings of disgust towards the patient.

2 PATIENT FAMILY CONCERN

Concern comes from the word care which means it

will be by "paying attention, ignoring"

(Purwodarminto, 2006). So caring means the high-

low attitude of attention, ignoring something.

Concern of relatives will be seen as a form of formal

family functions, namely the nuclear family and

extended family. While the concern of local residents,

seen as a form of participation in breast cancer

sufferers who are around they live.

As social beings, sufferers are not alone. Breast

cancer sufferers have a dependency on family and

others who can help and provide support. When

sufferers undergo therapy, a significant impact not

only on individual sufferers themselves, but families

can also feel it. Prognosis of disease sufferers, can not

Agustrisno, . and Achmad, N.

Social Organization Network Concern of Community and Community Surrounding of Breast Cancer Patients.

DOI: 10.5220/0010017402370243

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 3 2019) - Social Engineering Governance for the People, Technology and Infrastructure in

Revolution Industry 4.0, pages 237-243

ISBN: 978-989-758-472-5

237

be predicted about its development, is it possible to

be improved or not, it is also very influential on other

family members. Therefore, other family members

have an important role as providers of support to

sufferers.

Family care is considered an important coping

strategy, the family also experiences and directly

affects the mental health of sufferers (Friedman,

1998). Kane quoted from Friedman (1998) defines

family support for sufferers very closely. Because

support from the family is a process that occurs

throughout the lifetime of the sufferer. This family

support will be lighter if the personal support

becomes wider in the arena.

Family care according to Francis and Satiadarma

(2004) is a support assistance received by one family

member from another family member in order to

carry out the functions contained in a family.

Treatment efforts at the hospital, namely the

administration of drugs will be in vain if it is not

supported by the role of the family. Research

conducted by Jenkins, et al (2006) shows that family

care givers are a very potential source for supporting

drug delivery in patients.

Case 1: Ms. Yusnani with her siblings

Ms. Yusnani who is a breast cancer sufferer. Her

neighbor's view of her, after knowing that Yusnani's

mother had breast cancer. According to her neighbor,

Mrs. Halimatusadiah or her nickname, Ibu Lima,

whose house is next to Ibu Yusnani's house, is only a

few meters away. Ms. Yusnani has been suffering

from breast cancer five years ago. Initially the disease

was covered by Mrs. Yusnani. However, because his

illness was felt to be getting worse, in 2017 Bu

Yusnani underwent an operation to remove her left

breast on the advice and recommendations of her

friend who said, the chance to recover was greater in

this way. It was at this time that Mrs. Lima only

learned that Ms. Yusnani was affected by breast

cancer, a month before Mrs. Yusnani would undergo

breast lift surgery to the left.

According to Mrs. Lima, initially Ms. Yusnani's

husband actually did not approve of the operation on

the grounds that she was afraid of having a dangerous

effect on Ms. Yusnani. However, because it is indeed

the stubborn nature of Mrs. Yusnani and the pain she

suffered, despite the encouragement from Mrs. Lima,

her husband finally agreed to the breast removal

operation. All of Ms. Yusnani's family, neighbors

including Mrs. Lima were more surprised to learn

Bou is the name of the Mandailing regional language to

mention aunt.

from Mrs. Yusnani's explanation that she had been

suffering from breast cancer four years earlier.

Mrs. Lima regrets the action of Mrs. Yusnani who

never told her that she had the disease. After the

surgery, Bu Yusnani's condition had not yet healed,

and even made her left arm become swollen and

painful when moved. As a result, Mrs. Yusnani

struggled to stand up and had to be carried wherever

she went. Therefore, her husband proposed to bring

Mrs. Yusnani to undergo chemotherapy at Adam

Malik Hospital in Medan on the grounds that in the

Hospital the chemotherapy program had healed her

friend's relatives, and offset the costs of receiving

BPJS.

The chemotherapy was carried out after Mrs.

Yusnani had her left breast removed. Mrs. Yusnani's

chemotherapy schedule is biweekly and is usually

accompanied by her husband and children. The

distance of the house and the husband and children

who are busy working make Bu Yusnani sometimes

decide to stay for a month at her house. Sometimes

Mrs. Lima also accompanies Mrs. Yusnani for

chemotherapy if her husband and child cannot

because of business. As long as Mrs. Lima knows that

Ms. Yusnani has breast cancer, she always gives

support to Mrs. Yusnani to stay motivated to undergo

treatment.

Case 2: Ms. Yasin in the eyes of her siblings and

neighbors

In June, when visiting the home of another breast

cancer sufferer, in the city of Medan, Mrs. Yasin.

Precisely on Jl. Pringgan, Pond Village, Alam Lestari

Tembung housing complex. Information from several

of Ms. Yasin's neighbors about their view of Ms.

Yasin's condition. One neighbor who was

successfully interviewed was Mrs. Halimah, who is

Bou

from Ms. Yasin.

Explanation from Mrs. Halimah, the sufferer (Ms.

Yasin) whose real name is Hilda has two children. At

first Ms. Yasin once complained of feeling pain in her

breast, then she took herbal medicine (who did not

know where she got it). Over time, the pain was felt

to be getting worse, and finally it was recommended

by his cousin who works as a midwife to see a doctor

to make it clearer. Then, after checking in Malahayati

Hospital Hospital, located on Jl. Pangeran

Diponegoro, Medan, is known to have stage 3 breast

cancer.

During his illness he was recommended by

doctors to undergo chemotherapy and other intensive

ICOSOP 3 2019 - International Conference on Social Political Development (ICOSOP) 3

238

treatment at Malahayati Hospital which happened to

be close to where his aunt lived. The actual residence

of Ms. Yasin is very far to the hospital, so to undergo

treatment she must stay at her aunt's house. Ms. Yasin

had undergone Chemotherapy eight times, but it

made her physically weakened so she decided not to

continue the medical treatment, but instead switched

to Islamic spiritual treatment, namely by Rukiyah.

During her chemotherapy, Ibu Yasin was not overly

burdened because all of her medical expenses were

fully borne by the BPJS.

Ibu Yasin, who no longer wanted to take

chemotherapy treatment, felt that her condition was

gradually getting better than before, and could do her

usual daily work such as taking children to school,

cooking, cleaning the house and others. According to

Halima's explanation materially she never helped

Mrs. Yasin, but Mrs. Halimah and other neighbors

gave motivation and prayers especially when they

were staying at her house, said Halimah.

Mama Pahri is Yasin's neighbor. According to

Mama Pahri, Ms. Yasin was a very good person.

Mama Pahri claimed to have also been to Mrs. Yasin's

house to give encouragement and motivation. He

could not provide material assistance. Yasin is a

typical person who does not want to spit his life, and

his circumstances. He doesn't bother anyone, so he

will do it alone as much as possible. Mama Pahri

learned that Yasin's mother was sick with Stage 3

breast cancer after several months of suffering.

Because Ms. Yasin did not want to tell him. Mama

Pahri learned that Yasin's mother was suffering from

such illness because after being told by Bu Yasin's

own husband.

Meanwhile, according to another neighbor Mr.

Regar (62 years). Mr. Regar knows that there is

information that in their environment there are people

who are suffering from breast cancer, he obtained this

information from his neighbors. But because their

environment is very closed, and fairly apathetic

makes it unable to blend and interact well with the

environment. According to him, the people in the

housing esteem are more old people than new people.

He also said that the people in the housing estate were

still primitive and did not want to progress. The proof

is that the STM (Union of Helping) Association of

citizens is no longer working. He has lived in the

housing estate for three years while it has been

established for 6 years. But he felt concerned and

sorry for people who suffer from breast cancer, that's

all he said. On the matter that Pak Regar is the Head

of the Environment in that place.

grandfather in Batak language

Another story from Ms. Jovie (35 years) who is

usually called Mak Jovie, who said that Ms. Yasin is

a person who is very closed with other neighbors. He

rarely communicates with the environment in which

he lives. Even so far, Jovie's mother has never been to

Yasin's mother's house, because she doesn't like the

nature of Yasin's family. But her husband, Jovie, once

took Ms. Yasin to the hospital in the Medan City area

when Yasin's mother's illness recurred. According to

Mak Jovie he wants to help sufferers of breast cancer

but not for Mrs. Yasin. Because according to him,

Mrs. Yasin was a very talkative person who didn't

even allow his neighbors to enter his house.

While the other informant, Opung

Rian (58

years) did not even know that in her neighborhood

there were people who had breast cancer. According

to Opung Rian.

Case 3: Mrs. Serawati and her friends' support

Ms. Cut is a little friend of Mrs. Serawati who is a

patient with end-stage breast cancer. Ms. Cut told that

Wati's mother had 2 sons and a daughter. His first

child is married, and lives in Pekanbaru City, while

his daughter is married and has a 1-year-old child and

lives with Mrs. Wati. Mrs. Wati has been suffering

from breast cancer for one year. According to the

story of Cut's mother, Wati's mother was unwilling to

be operated on, so her breast cancer had spread to the

liver and waist.

According to further explanation from Cut's

mother, that the last 2 months Wati's mother had

recovered, and even they had gone on a trip to the

Sidebu-Dust area together with the medical group.

While in Berastagi they were always together, still

joking and laughing together and looking for shoes

for their grandchildren's souvenirs at home. But now

somehow his condition suddenly dropped. He could

not move, just lying in bed and his body condition

was very thin.

Ms. Cut often visits her fortnightly home to comb

her hair, and gives encouragement to her distinctive

fussy style, even though her house can be said to be

somewhat far from Mrs. Wati. Besides Mrs. Cut, she

also has sales activities in her own house, because

Mrs. Wati only just falls asleep, apparently the hair

behind her has dreadlocks. His son only feeds him,

but does not pay attention to how his physical

condition. Finally Mrs. Wati was carried by Mrs. Cut

to the bathroom to be washed. Cut's mother often

even told her son to buy a razor. Then he slowly

shaved Mrs. Wati's dreadlocks until bald. Even

though Wati's mother was afraid of water, she still

Social Organization Network Concern of Community and Community Surrounding of Breast Cancer Patients

239

1stQtr

2ndQtr

3rdQtr

4thQtr

5thQtr

Sufferer

insisted on being bathed. finally she was not afraid of

water anymore.

Mrs. Cut bathed and shaved Mrs. Wati's dreads

while singing dangdut. The two of them often joked,

sometimes mocking each other then laughing

together. Mrs. Wati often even called Cut's mother to

visit her home. Because Mrs. Cut has a tavern (stall)

sometimes she takes it too even though only briefly,

but sometimes she is also forced to refuse because

they have to look after her shop

According to confession from Ms. Cut, the thing

that underlies Cut's mother to do good to Wati's

mother aside from being a childhood friend / school

friend, and close friends as well, so care for Mrs.

Wati, because it is a calling, because Mrs. Cut also

works as a bath corpse, and already accustomed to

dealing with physical persons, besides that also Mrs.

Cut, accustomed to taking care of orphans. According

to Cut's mother, Wati's mother is the type of person

who is less willing to socialize, is a bit of a prestige,

and is picky about friends, even closed.

3 PEOPLE WHO CARE ABOUT

SUFFERERS

Based on the three cases above, people who actively

care for breast cancer sufferers are: family, neighbors

and close friends. In case 1: close neighbors, husband

and child sufferers. While the hospital and BPJS, are

passive care. For case 2: husband, close neighbor is

still a relative of the sufferer, cousin of the sufferer.

While the hospital and the doctor are passive, so are

the local government officials. In case 3: the family,

the patient's child and his neighbor. While others are

passive.

Relationships with active sufferers are generally

horizontal relationships, that is emotional sentiment

relations, so they are still based on the values of

kinship, friendship, and friendship. This is still

natural. While the vertical relationship is less active,

because the bond is having an interest (instrumental)

or interest, it wants to have a purpose as long as there

is an interest; and also relationships that are limited to

the task of power (Agusyanto, 2014). Visually like

the Chart 1. white circles show emotional sentiment

relations and colored circles show relationships that

are instrumental and power.

Chart1: Visualization of concern for patients with breast cancer.

Community and

Religion Figures

Family

eighbours

Friends

Secondary Relationships:

Interest and Power Bond

Doctors

Hospital

Yayasan Kanker

Indonesia

Government

Primary Relatioships

Emotional Bond

ICOSOP 3 2019 - International Conference on Social Political Development (ICOSOP) 3

240

4 MORAL SUPPORT FOR

CANCER PATIENTS

Late treatment for breast cancer patients to get

treatment, in an advanced stage or already severe, the

action can not be done optimally (Tiolena, 2009).

Rastad et al.(in Aruan and Isfandiari, 2015) said that

delays in treatment caused by weak ties of interest and

power. This can happen because the patient does not

feel any symptoms of pain, even though there are

oddities in her breasts. In this section we can see an

example of a case that happened to Wati's mother who

initially only considered a lump in her chest, as a result

of catching a cold. However, when the omission is

done and the disease has reached the final stage of

cancer, everything becomes too late. The desire to

operate was eventually rejected by the hospital

because it was considered a futile effort.

Sometimes all family members suffer, the disease

arises because of heredity, because there is no family

history of breast cancer so they do not understand what

is faced by family members. So they are reluctant to

check their complaints with oncology specialists.

Sufferers are frightened when diagnosed with

breast cancer, so they feel safer because they do not

know that they are diagnosed with cancer. Patients do

not see that they are at risk of developing breast

cancer. Factors of sufferer's family and commitment

to the patient's work, because the patient is afraid of

leaving responsibilities in the family and afraid of

being interrupted by his work when following breast

cancer treatment

Treatment delay can occur due to factors

originating from within the individual. At an early

stage the patient feels healthy so the disease is left

alone for some time, monthly, or yearly until the

disease is no longer felt by the patient. Patients pay

less attention to themselves, so that new sufferers

realize and know of breast cancer in their bodies, after

breast cancer is large or after complaints arise.

Patients do not understand or are less aware of the

dangers of cancer. There is fear because it is known

that the disease is cancer. Patients feel afraid to go to

the doctor. Patients have a fear of being operated on.

The sufferer and his family feel they have no money.

As a result, the patient's family does not allow a

doctor. Among those who feel their home is far from

doctors or health services.

Behavior changes in health in individuals

themselves can be determined by several factors.

According to Lawrence Green, it was identified into 3

factors. These factors are, predisposing factors

(predisposing factors), enabling factors (enabling

factors), and driving factors (reinforcing factors)

(Maghfiroh&Khamida, 2015). Predisposing factors

are driving factors in the form of knowledge, attitudes,

beliefs / beliefs, and values held by an individual.

Supporting factors are factors that are realized through

the availability of services or facilities to deal with

health problems. The driving factor is a factor that is

manifested in the form of encouragement from certain

reference groups around individuals which influences

the reference of community behavior (Maghfiroh and

Khamida, 2015).

Social support in the family according to the

House is as emotional support, this support in the form

of expressions of empathy, care and concern for

family members concerned. Appreciation support, in

the form of expressions of positive respect, care and

responsibility because of affection for someone.

Informative support, this support in the form of

advice, guidance and in the form of suggestions to

family members. Instrumental support, namely

support in the form of direct assistance provided as

well as material assistance (costs) or direct assistance

(Smet, 1994).

Ms. Yusnani in the discussion of the first case

study was a small part of cancer patients who were

fortunate, because they had people around who cared

about her. The moral support he received made

Yusnani's mother able to live her days lightly, even

though her illness was very severe. Inversely

proportional to the conditions experienced by Wati's

mother where her own family seemed indifferent and

even no longer wanted to pay for her care during

illness. However, fortunately Wati's mother still had

several loyal friends who helped her and gave her

moral support so that she could fight her illness.

Social support is needed for breast cancer sufferers

when sufferers undergo chemotherapy treatment.

According to Mutmainah et al. (2013), through good

family support can make an individual more

independent and confident in his own abilities.

Through this support can increase motivation in a

person. Family support is a very important aspect and

is very much needed in determining the sooner or later

the healing process experienced by the patient

concerned.

5 CREATING A COMMUNITY

FOR BREAST CANCER

PATIENTS

After the researchers conducted in-depth interviews

with several patients, families and neighbors of breast

cancer sufferers, the researchers clearly saw how

Social Organization Network Concern of Community and Community Surrounding of Breast Cancer Patients

241

important an organization or community was to

gather breast cancer sufferers.

Even though YKI (Indonesian Cancer

Foundation) actually has its address at Jl. Iskandar

Muda No.272, Petisah Tengah, Medan Petisah,

Medan City, but its role is still not felt by breast

cancer sufferers who are in Medan City, at least it is

reflected in a number of case studies that researchers

have revealed earlier.

So the research team finally appealed to form a

community network of social organizations as a

service for breast cancer sufferers. The benefits of this

community of breast cancer sufferers are as follows:

a. Get Support and Motivation

Suffering from chronic diseases, such as breast

cancer, in fact makes many patients feel inferior.

Quite often changes both mentally and physically

make their hearts hurt. What's more the series of

treatments and treatments that were undertaken felt

tiring. So that many patients feel prolonged despair

and sadness.

By joining a community member can help patients

gradually regain their confidence. Of course the

desire to recover and undergo treatment will have the

support of other members. Patients will get

motivation from friends in the community because

they also certainly understand how the patient feels.

b. Sharing Knowledge and Interesting Experiences

The breast cancer community that has formed in

various countries, not only consists of people who

have the disease. This community is also full of

healthy people who care about breast cancer

sufferers, people who have had breast problems and

even people who are on medication. In some

communities there are also members of the experts in

cases of this chronic disease.

Every member of the community has the right to

share interesting knowledge and experiences. There

are many good things to share with other members.

By sharing, all members will benefit by joining the

community. Members can also learn from the

experiences conveyed by other members.

c. Asking Questions

In addition to specialist doctors, breast cancer

sufferers can ask the questions you have in mind. So

far many sufferers are still lay with these deadly

diseases. Moreover, if a patient is suddenly convicted

of developing breast cancer, many questions will

arise in his mind. Many patients feel embarrassed

when asking their specialist doctors in detail.

In the community, breast cancer sufferers need

not feel ashamed to ask. This will be easier because

some members have experienced the same thing. The

same fate, allows sufferers to ask questions

straightforwardly without hurting others. Patients will

usually feel more satisfied because it can issue unegs

that roam in his head.

d. Add friend

In addition to getting interesting experiences,

indirectly joining the community will add friends.

Patients will meet and talk with many people so they

will not feel alone. Friends from various backgrounds

will keep patients entertained and enthusiastic about

living life.

The presence of new friends will provide positive

energy to sufferers. Patients feel more meaningful

and ready to undergo treatment because many people

accompany him. Recovery from breast cancer is not

easy. Not just family, good friends will also help

sufferers through difficult times.

e. Practicing Commitment and Responsibility

Members of the social organization network

community understand very well how patients feel

when they are undergoing treatment in order to

recover quickly. That way the responsibility of other

members will emerge to provide moral support.

Positive commitment in terms of helping others can

provide enough motivation for sufferers.

This community will help sufferers undergo a

series of treatments to recover from their illness.

Commitment and responsibility can also influence

attitude. Members will add empathy and sympathy to

others. Social souls to help others who are struggling

will also form within themselves.

f. Helps Financially

At present the government has indeed launched

the Healthy Indonesia Card (KIS) program for poor

families and the health BPJS for government subsidy

insurance which must pay contributions every month

according to the class registered. But, in fact the

facilities provided by the government cannot be used

fully because there are some drugs or treatments that

are not covered. So the patient must pay in a separate

bill.

Some communities care about breast cancer, often

doing charity actions to help breast cancer sufferers.

Donations given to underprivileged patients are

expected to help financially. Donations can be in any

form, but it would be more helpful if in the form of

money considering the costs required are very large.

To get help from the community, usually some

administrative requirements are needed which show

that the patient really comes from a poor family. This

is done so that it is right on target.

Many benefits are obtained by joining the breast

cancer community. The community will have a

positive effect on sufferers so there is no need to feel

ICOSOP 3 2019 - International Conference on Social Political Development (ICOSOP) 3

242

strange or depressed because of their illness. Healthy

and positive thoughts are needed for patient recovery.

6 CONCLUSION

In this paper, it was concluded that quite a number of

family members, relatives, friends and neighbors who

do not care about breast cancer sufferers. Usually the

people around breast cancer sufferers participate only

provide support in the form of morals, and rarely also

in the form of energy such as helping to take care of

cancer sufferers in caring for themselves. Breast

cancer patients generally need more moral assistance

than material assistance, this is because the average

patient with breast cancer already has a BPJS card, so

for treatment is not too concerned about the cost. But

often they don't use it.

Of the many informants from relatives of breast

cancer sufferers, almost all of them did not know the

initial symptoms of breast cancer. On average only

assume these symptoms are solely caused by boils or

wind in the body. So many breast cancer sufferers are

finally late in getting cancer treatment.

No patient or family knows about the YKI

(Indonesian Cancer Foundation) organization.

During the patient's treatment, the family never

communicated or was visited by YKI so the family

did not know anything about the institution. The

patient's family also hopes to form a community of

breast cancer sufferers whose focus is to gather

patients and families of breast cancer sufferers, so that

they can encourage one another and also exchange

knowledge regarding breast cancer.

7 SUGGESTION

This paper, seeks to provide some advice from

various parties related to this breast cancer patient.

Are as follows:

1. The patient's family

The patient's family should actively

participate in asking the sufferer about what is

felt. Then the family also plays an active role in

the search for treatment for sufferers, thereby

reducing the number of late treatment. The family

always accompanies the patient both when the

patient goes to the doctor and when the patient

checks the symptoms they face. The patient's

family also must always provide continuous

motivation so that breast cancer sufferers remain

enthusiastic in living their days.

2. Government

To the government to immediately carry out

proactive and intensive socialization actions to the

public at large, about knowledge of breast cancer,

especially to those who have suffered including

their families. This is considered important so that

no more cancer patients who come to the hospital

in a state that is no longer helpful, because of

reasons of ignorance about the symptoms of

breast cancer. Or feel bored to come for treatment

as long as it continues.

The government in this case, the Health

Service, must be more proactive in efforts to form

a Community for Breast Cancer Patients in the

City of Medan. The goal is that the sufferers and

their families can share information about

handling breast cancer in addition to trying to ease

their burden. So that the health department will

not have to bother registering patients with breast

cancer when there is a social network organization

that collects those who suffer from breast cancer.

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