Environmental Conditions in Karimunjawa to Support the

Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) Program

Anita Kusuma Wardhani

, Muhammad Zikra

, Bambang Semedi

and Agung Setyo Mukti

Department of Ocean Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia

Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Keywords: IMTA, Coral Reef, Aquatic Quality, GIS.

Abstract: Karimunjawa National Park is a nature conservation area managed by the zoning system. Of the 9 zones

that have been determined, one of them is the Maritime Cultivation Zone which is intended to support the

interests of aquaculture. Aquaculture based on Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) is a

development system that supports cultivation by integrating a variety of different species. This study aims to

analyze the suitability of Karimunjawa waters based on the measurement of environmental parameters such

as temperature, DO, Ph and current salinity to support IMTA in Karimunjawa waters and observe the coral

reef ecosystem as a supporter of assessing the condition of the aquatic environment. Based on the results of

measurements of environmental parameters, the results obtained are still relatively good quality based on

water quality standards. The average water temperature is 29.7 ° C, dissolved oxygen (DO) is 7 mg / l, pH is

8.1 and salinity is 32.7 ppt.

1 INTRODUCTION

Karimunjawa National Park is designated as a nature

reserve area located in Jepara Regency, Central Java

Province in Decree of the Minister of Forestry and

Plantation No. 78/Kpts-II/1999 dated February 22,

1999, with an area of 111,625 hectares (BTNKJ,

2019). In Law No.5 of 1990 concerning

Conservation of Natural Resources and their

Ecosystems defines national parks as Nature

Conservation Areas that have native ecosystems,

managed with zoning systems that are utilized for

research, science, education, supporting cultivation,

tourism and recreation. Based on Decree of the

Director General of PHKA No. SK 28/IV-

SET/2012 concerning Zoning of Karimunjawa

National Park, currently there are 9 (nine) zones

within the Karimunjawa National Park area. The

zoning of Karimunjawa National Park is fully

presented in Figure 1. From 9 zones that have been

determined, one of them is the Maritime Cultivation

Zone, which is intended as a supporter of the

interests of aquaculture such as seaweed cultivation,

floating net cages with due regard to conservation

aspects.

Figure 1: Zoning Map of Karimunjawa National Park.

Integrated aquaculture (integrated multi-trophic

aquaculture / IMTA) is an innovation in the

development of an aquaculture system that is

applied to address the issue of the impact of

aquaculture activities on the aquatic environment

including sedimentation and enrichment of aquatic

nutrients (Radiarta et al., 2014; 2015; Alexander et

al., 2016). The IMTA system combines several

different trophic-level species, between species that

are fed (eg fish) and species that absorb inorganic

material (eg seaweed) and species that absorb

Wardhani, A., Zikra, M., Semedi, B. and Mukti, A.

Environmental Conditions in Karimunjawa to Support the Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) Program.

DOI: 10.5220/0010056600760082

In Proceedings of the 7th International Seminar on Ocean and Coastal Engineering, Environmental and Natural Disaster Management (ISOCEEN 2019), pages 76-82

ISBN: 978-989-758-516-6

organic matter (suspension and deposit feeders

such as shellfish) Troell et al., 2009; Barrington et

al., 2009).

The implementation of the IMTA system not

only produces high economic value biomass

through product diversification but can also reduce

waste entering the waters. In the IMTA system,

waste generated from the main commodities that

enter the waters will be converted and utilized by

species absorbing organic and inorganic materials.

The selection of commodities for the IMTA system

is very flexible, can be adjusted to commodities

that have developed in an area be it fish, seaweed,

or shellfish. The selected commodity is adjusted to

its function in the ecosystem and is a commodity

with high economic value. By choosing the right

cultivation species, this IMTA system will reduce

the organic and inorganic content of nitrogen,

carbon, and phosphate; making this system a

candidate in nutrient trading credits (Chopin et al.,

2010; Yuniarsih et al., 2014).

Analysis of the suitability of the condition of the

waters of Karimunjawa National Park with the

measurement of environmental parameters such as

temperature, salinity, DO, and pH, as well as

observation of marine aquatic ecosystems such as

coral reefs, needs to be done as a first step before the

implementation of aquaculture that supports the

IMTA system. The IMTA system which is considere

to be able to support the conservation aspects is

expected to be able to provide more value to the

environmental sustainability and fishery products

found in the waters of the Karimunjawa National

Park.

2 STUDY AREA

The research location is in the waters of the

Karimunjawa National Park where the focus of the

location is on Karimunjawa Island and Kemujan

Island to take samples of water parameters and

observe the aquatic environment ecosystem.

Sampling is distributed at 7 station points (Figure 2),

including Station 1. Harbour, Station 2. Fishing Port,

Station 3.Ujung Gelam Beach, Station 4.Mangrove

and river mouth, Station 5.Legon Lele/Core Zone,

Station 6.Merican Kemujan Island/Utilization Zone

of Seaweed Cultivation.

Figure 2: Map of Research Location.

3 METODHOLOGY

Parameter measurements are performed at 7 station

points with 3 repetitions at each station point to get

valid results. In this activity, fishing boats are used

to go to 7 predetermined station points with the help

of Global Positioning System (GPS) to obtain

location accuracy (Figure 3).

Figure 3: Global Positioning System (GPS) as a Guide to 7

Station Points.

Figure 4: Water Quality Measurement using

Refractometer for Salinity.

Environmental Conditions in Karimunjawa to Support the Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) Program

Figure 5: Water Quality Measurement using DO meter and

pH meter.

Temperature measurement using a thermometer,

salinity measurement using a refractometer (Figure

4), dissolved oxygen (DO) measurement using a DO

meter and pH measurement using a pH meter

(Figure 5).

The results of the measurement of environmental

parameters are entered in the Surfer software to be

processed into a map of the distribution of observed

environmental parameters (Figure 7 - Figure 11).

Kriging interpolation is used in data processing

to become a map of the distribution of

environmental parameters.

Observation of the condition of coral reefs is

also done as a consideration to assess quality based

on quality standards. Observations were made using

the GIS method and then carried out during a field

check in the field with snorkelling (Figure 6).

Figure 6: Observation of the Condition of Coral Reefs.

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Measurement of Water Parameters

Based on 7 predetermined station points, the results

of measurements of water parameters include

temperature, salinity, DO, Ph, and currents in Table

1 to Table 7.

Table 1: Measurement of Water Parameters at Station 1.

Parameter

Repetition

Average

1 2 3

(

)

6,9 6,7 6,7 6,76

Temperature

(°)

29 29 29 29

pH 8,2 8,2 8,2 8,2

Salinit

(pp

)

32 32 33 32,2

Table 2: Measurement of Water Parameters at Station 2.

Parameter

etition

Average

1 2 3

(

)

6,4 6,5 6,5 6,46

Temperature

(

)

30 30 29 29,6

H 8,2 8,2 8,2 8,2

Salinity (ppt) 35 31 31 32,3

Table 3: Measurement of Water Parameters at Station 3.

Parameter

Repetition

Average

1 2 3

DO(mg/l) 7,2 7,3 7,6 7,4

Temperature

(

)

29 29 29 29

pH 8,2 8,2 8,2 8,2

Salinity (ppt) 32 33 32 32

Table 4: Measurement of Water Parameters at Station 4.

Parameter

Repetition

Average

1 2 3

DO(mg/l) 6,9 6,7 7,2 6,9

Temperature

(

)

30 30 30 30

pH 8,1 8,2 8,1 8,1

Salinity (ppt) 33 33 33 33

Table 5: Measurement of Water Parameters at Station 5.

Parameter

Repetition

Average

1 2 3

DO(mg/l) 7,2 7,2 7,7 7,4

Temperature

(°)

30 30 30 30

pH 8,2 8,2 8,2 8,2

Salinity (ppt) 33 33 33 33

ISOCEEN 2019 - The 7th International Seminar on Ocean and Coastal Engineering, Environmental and Natural Disaster Management

Table 6: Measurement of Water Parameters at Station 6.

Parameter

Repetition

Average

1 2 3

DO(mg/l) 6,9 7,2 7,7 7,3

Temperature (°) 30 30 30 30

pH 8,2 8,2 8,2 8,2

Salinity (ppt) 33 33 33 33

Table 7: Measurement of Water Parameters at Station 7.

Parameter

Repetition

Average

1 2 3

DO(mg/l) 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0

Temperature (°) 30 30 30 30

pH 8,2 8,2 8,2 8,2

Salinity (ppt) 33 33 33 33

The value of the measurement of the water

parameters is then processed in the Surfer software

to determine the distribution pattern. The results are

shown in Figure 7 through Figure 10.

From the data that has been obtained, it shows

that the results of the measurement of the

environmental parameters of the waters are still

relatively good after compared to the quality

standards (Table 10).

Figure 7: Water Temperatures Distribution on the Island

of Karimunjawa and Kemujan.

Figure 8: Salinity Distribution on the Island of

Karimunjawa and Kemujan.

Figure 9: Dissolve Oxygen Distribution on the Island of

Karimunjawa and Kemujan.

Figure 10: pH Distribution on the Island of Karimunjawa

and Kemujan.

Environmental Conditions in Karimunjawa to Support the Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) Program

4.2 Sea Current Data Processing

Current data processing in the Surfer software shows

the current velocity in the waters of the islands

Karimunjawa and Kemujan ranging from 0.10 to

0.52 m / s (Table 8). Current data from OSCAR was

taken in September, adjusting for the time when the

ground check is roomy. In September there was the

East to West transition season (September -

November). Current patterns that occur in the waters

around the Karimunjawa Islands are the effects of

changes that are common in Indonesian waters

(Ariyati et al, 2005). The map of the distribution of

current speed can be seen in Figure 7.

Table 8: Current Speed on The Island of Karimunjawa and

Kemujan.

Location Result (m/s)

Station 1 0,248

Station 2 0,205

Station 3 0,113

Station 4 0,193

Station 5 0,268

Station 6 0,280

Station 7 0,514

Figure 11: Current Speed Distribution on the Island of

Karimunjawa and Kemujan.

4.3 Coral Reef Data Processing

As an additional parameter, the condition of the

coral reef ecosystem in the waters of Karimunjawa

Island and Kemujan Island was also observed. Initial

observations were made using the GIS approach

using Landsat 8. Satellite imagery data were taken

Figure 12: Map of Coral Area on the Island of

Karimunjawa and Kemujan in 2013.

Figure 13: Map of Coral Area on the Island of

Karimunjawa and Kemujan in 2014.

Figure 14: Map of Coral Area on the Island of

Karimunjawa and Kemujan in 2015.

within 4 years, namely in 2013, 2014, 2015 and

2016 to see the changes and conditions. In this

study, the 1981 Lyzenga algorithm was used to

classify objects underwater. Detection of objects

below sea level in Landsat data uses blue and red

ISOCEEN 2019 - The 7th International Seminar on Ocean and Coastal Engineering, Environmental and Natural Disaster Management

Figure 15: Map of Coral Area on the Island of

Karimunjawa and Kemujan in 2016.

canal data. Kardono (1993) states that the blue and

red canals are the best channels for penetration into

the underwater column because in the blue and red

channels there are wavelengths between 0.5 - 0.6 µm

which are suitable for penetration into the water

column. The following (Figure 12 to Figure 15) is a

map of the extent of coral reefs from 2013 to 2016

on Karimunjawa Island and Kemunjan Island.

Based on the results of the processing of coral

reefs from 2000, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 on

Karimunjawa Island and Kemujan Island can be

seen from Table 9 below:

Table 9: The Extent of Live Coral, Not Coral and Sand.

Class/ Year 2013 2014 2015 2016

Live Coral (Km

) 5,864 6,891 6,254 5,914

Not Coral (Km

) 6,437 6,456 6,070 3,886

Sand (Km

) 8,884 8,430 6,258 10,802

From the above data, the results of the

percentage estimates of the area obtained from the

processing of Landsat satellite image data in 2013,

2014, 2015 and 2016. Classified into 3 classes,

namely live coral, not coral and sand. From 2013 to

2014 the extent of coral reefs increased by 8.7%,

from 5.864 Km2 in 2013 to 6,891Km2 in 2014.

From 2014 to 2015, the area of coral reefs decreased

by 5.1% to 6,254 Km2 in 2015. Then in 2016, there

was also a decrease in the area of coral reefs to

5.9141 Km2 by 2.7%. Following Figure 16 is a

graph of the classification results and the extent of

Landsat satellite imagery data for 2013, 2014, 2015

to 2016.

Figure 16: Results of Classification and Extents from

Processing of Landsat Satellite Imagery.

Based on observations of the parameters of the

quality of waters in Karimunjawa Island at seven

points the location of sampling shows that the

environmental conditions of the waters of

Karimunjawa Island are in "Good" condition for

aquaculture and marine biota, because no sample

parameters were found with values that exceeded the

quality standard as shown in Table 10.

Table 10: Comparison of Measurement Result of Water Parameter with Quality Standards.

Parameter St.1 St.2 St.3 St.4 St.5 St.6 St.7

Marine

Biota

Quality

Standards

Coral Reef

Quality

Standards

Status

1 Temperature (

C) 29 30 29 30 30 30 30

+2 natural

variation

28-30 Good

2 DO (mg/l) 6,7 6,46 7,4 6,9 7,4 7,3 7,0 >5 Good

3 PH 8,2 8,2 8,2 8,1 8,2 8,2 8,2 6,5 - 8,5 7-8,5 Good

4 Salinity (%

) 32 33 32 33 33 33 33

18 -

32/+10

natural

variation

33-34 Good

4 000

8 000

12 000

2013 2014 2015 2016

Area (Km²)

Year

Live Coral Not Coral Sand

Environmental Conditions in Karimunjawa to Support the Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) Program

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on observations of the quality parameters of

the waters of Karimunjawa Island at 7 points of the

sampling station, it shows that the environmental

conditions of the waters of Karimunjawa Island are

in "Good" condition for the cultivation and

ecosystem of coral reefs. Climate change and human

activities are also thought to affect environmental

conditions and changes in the size of coral reefs.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are grateful for the close collaboration between

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember and Brawijaya

University in completing this study. Special thanks

to Karimunjawa National Park Agency for providing

facilities and supports.

REFERENCES

Alexander, K.A., Angel, D., Freeman, S., Israel, D.,

Johansen, J., Kletou, D., Meland, M., Pecorino, D.,

Rebours, C., Rousou, M., Shorten, M., & Potts, T.

(2016). Improving sustainability of aquaculture in

Europe: Stakeholder dialogues on integrated multi-

trophic aquaculture (IMTA). Environmental Science

& Policy, 55, 96-106.

Ariyati, R.W., Syu’runi L., Arini. E. 2005 Analisis

Kesesuaian Perairan Pulau Karimunjawa dan Pulau

Kemujan Sebagai Lahan Budidaya Rumput Laut

Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis.Jurnal Pasir

Laut Vol.5 Juli 2007:/25-40

Barrington, K., Chopin, T., & Robinson, S. (2009).

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) in

marine temperate waters. In Soto, D. (Ed.). Integrated

mariculture: a global review. FAO Fisheries and

Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 529. FAO. Rome, p.

7-46.

Balai Taman Nasional Karimunjawa (BTNKJ). 2019.

Statistik Balai Taman Nasional Karimunjawa.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan

Direktorat Jenderal Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam

dan Ekosistem Balai Taman Nasional Karimun Jawa.

Semarang.

Kardono, P. Suprajaka. 1993. Teknologi Inderaja untuk

Kelautan dalam GEOMATIKA. BAKOSURTANAL.

Jakarta.

Radiarta, I N., Erlania, & Sugama, K. (2014). Budidaya

rumput laut, Kappaphycus alvarezii secara

terintegrasi dengan ikan kerapu di Teluk Gerupuk

Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Barat. J.

Ris. Akuakultur, 9(1), 125-134.

Radiarta, I N., & Erlania. (2015). Indeks kualitas air dan

sebaran nutrien sekitar budidaya laut terintegrasi di

perairan Teluk Ekas, Nusa Tenggara Barat: aspek

penting budidaya laut. J. Ris. Akuakultur, 10(1), 141-

152.

Surat Keputusan Kementrian Kehutanan Direktorat

Jenderal Perlindungan Hutan dan Konservasi Alam.

2012. Zonasi Taman Nasional Karimunjawa.

Troell, M. (2009). Integrated marine and brackishwater

aquaculture in tropical regions: research,

implementation and prospects. In Soto, D. (Ed.).

Integrated mariculture: a global review. FAO

Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 529.

FAO. Rome, p. 47–131.

Yuniarsih, E., Nirmala, K., & Radiarta, I N. (2014).

Tingkat penyerapan nitrogen dan fosfor pada

budidaya rumput laut berbasis IMTA (integrated

multi-trophic aquaculture) di Teluk Gerupuk, Lombok

Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Barat. J. Ris. Akuakultur,

9(3), 487-501.

ISOCEEN 2019 - The 7th International Seminar on Ocean and Coastal Engineering, Environmental and Natural Disaster Management