Analysis of Parenting in the Question Level Perspective in Student of

Universitas Riau Kepulauan

Wilda Fasim Hasibuan and Nurhaty Purnama Sari

Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Riau Kepulauan,

Batam, Indonesia

Keywords: Parenting Style, Deep Learning, Higher Order Thinking, Questions Level, Habit

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of parenting and asking level of the student biology

education in teacher training faculty Riau Island University. Method in this research is mixed-method that

used side by side approach. The first, quantitative will be used and the second, the researcher could observe

and interview. The effect of parental style is not seen in students’ asking levels evidenced by the results of

the multinomial logistic regression test a-sig = 0.207. Qualitative research results are presented after

quantitative results. 81.25 % of students receive authoritarian parenting, and 18.25 % authoritative. The

temporary conclusion is that the habit of asking questions is formed from childhood. Precisely, the

authoritarian parenting styles received by almost all respondents made them reluctant to ask questions in

class. Because when they were little they were only asked to obey orders without commenting anything.

However, this research had a weaknesses, the scale should be given with each parenting pattern so that

maximum results are obtained, and observations in class discussions are conducted in the long term and in

several classes so that the observations are more accurate.

1 INTRODUCTION

The problems of teaching and learning in Indonesia

are very diverse. Some of them are teacher- centered

learning and student curiosity is low. Speaking of

student curiosity, the most dominant problem was

that students had no desire and interest to ask

questions after completing the presentation and

listen to the lecturer’s explanation(Hasibuan, 2015)

After several studies, it turns out that curiosity

emerged and began to develop in infancy. When the

infant starts to want to achieve something, grabs

what is in front of him and learns to get what he is

interested in. curiosity is also associated with how a

human explores and adapts to his world. On the

other hand, curiosity is the basis of human behavior

including thirst and hunger. Curiosity is alike natural

human tendency and will develop according to its

age. Curiosity is a power that drives humans to

behave in certain ways so it is difficult to be

reshaped if it passed its development phase (Baxter

and Switzky, 2017).

In previous studies, it was said that curiosity is

associated with boredom in learning and this

boredom will be directly proportional to the decline

in academic achievement. And do not want to be

involved in lectures in class. In different studies it

was reported that the quality and interaction of

parent and child relationships determined student

achievement in school (Hardy et al., 2017; Hesari

and Hejazi, 2011; Hunter et al., 2016; León et al.,

2018). The interaction and quality of the child’s and

parent’s relationship are summarized in the

parenting patterns that parent do. Parenting is

considered important in the development of behavior

and can predict children’s success in the future.

However, the opposite is happening, parent in

Indonesia especially in the Batam want their

children at the age of toddlers to sit, be quiet and

obey all the commands of their parents. This resulted

in adulthood where there is no sense of curiosity,

self-efficacy, self-regulation, desired self-concept

embedded. The role of parent in infancy and toddlers

is to build closeness so that they can form the basic

behaviors that theirchildren need. A child will

develop himself depending on the comfort and

closeness found in his parents (Hasibuan and

Ekowati, 2016; Thomson and Jaque, 2017).

Not being involved in class is one of the

indications of the mismatch of parenting that was

Hasibuan, W. and Sari, N.

Analysis of Parenting in the Question Level Perspective in Student of Universitas Riau Kepulauan.

DOI: 10.5220/0010181300002775

In Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics (IMC-SciMath 2019), pages 331-335

ISBN: 978-989-758-556-2

331

given during childhood. This scene is very common

in the Riau Kepulauan University, especially in the

Biology Education department. The inactivity of

student in the classroom is a big question mark.

Moreover, their passivity occurs in human anatomy

and physiology courses. Which this course is

theoretically and practically very interesting, but

rarely, do the questions appear in class. The Purpose

of this study was to find and find out the problems of

parenting and the level of asking students. And the

contribution of research is to explore the internal

problems of the university and can be used as a

reference for forming problem solving designs in the

following research.

1.1. Parenting Literature Review

Parenting pattern consists of four types, the first is

the authoritarian type characterized by rigid parents,

children must obey parents, control the child with

height and warmth and closeness at the lowest level.

The middle type of parenting is authoritative which

it is a balance between control and the warmth that

children receive from their parents. The third type is

called permissive that warmth is at the highest level

while child control is lacking. The last type is

neglectful; the characteristic of parents like this is

that they don’t care about children, in the other

words, abandoning a child. The parenting style

concept had been found by Baumrind. The few

decade research of Baumrind found three styles of

parenting such as authoritarian, authoritative and

permissive. Recently research discovered last style is

neglectful. Many researcher observed authoritative

style had a lot of advantageous, beneficial and strong

to develop children. Fundamental of authoritative

parenting styles are warmth and control. Warmth is

defined which parents considerate, sympathetic,

humane an aware to their physiological and

psychological needs. Control is described that

parents concern and engage to manage their

behavior children and adjust to the family goal,

normal attitude and have self-control (Williams and

Wahler, 2010)

1.2. Taxonomy Bloom

Meanwhile, to analyze the level of asking students

used Bloom Taxonomy. The first level of this theory

is revision, memorization, repeating and duplicating.

The next step is to explain the idea or concept of the

material or idea. Then, use abstracts to solve a

problem. The fourth level is to make connectivity

between ideas or materials. The fifth stage can

criticize one thing with credible data and the last one

produces an idea and can develop it (Armstrong,

2014).

2 METHODS

2.1 Research Framework

Figure 1: Research Framework

2.2 Research Samples

The samples in this study were 16 biology students

in human anatomy and physiology courses. They are

sampled because the subjects ask very less even

though they are very interesting. This course studies

about itself but not many students ask questions.

2.3 Measurement of Variables

Measuring the perspective of parenting used a scale

developed by (Erlina, 2016) in her thesis with a tittle

parenting as a predictor of emotional intelligence in

adolescents.

2.4 Research Analysis

Research analysis is divided into two forms. The

first, analysis used statistics with multinomial

regression logistic test. And the second analysis used

narrative analysis as a contextualize model that can

be used as a method in psychology to understand

human actions. Because narrative analysis puts

forward the meaning of a story in a specific context.

This approach is also integrated with the effect of

time, place of storytelling and audience which are

used as a unified analysis in narrative (Frost, 2011).

2.5 Research Method

This study uses a mixed-method in which each

method has their strengths and weakness. The aim is

how the limitations of one research method can be

covered by another research method. The continued

statement why the mixed-method was chosen is

because in the parenting style and the level of asking

students there is quantitative and qualitative data in

IMC-SciMath 2019 - The International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics (IMC-SciMath)

332

which if one is chosen there will be an imbalance.

Some characteristics of mixed-method are the data

and the analysis includes both, there are procedures,

that are a bit rigid, for example there must be

sample, source of information and data analysis step.

Mixed design method in research is convergent

parallel. The convergent mixed methods approach is

probably the most familiar of the basic and advanced

mixed method strategies. In this approach, a

researcher collects both quantitative and qualitative

data, analyzes them separately and then compares

the results to see if the findings confirm or

disconfirm each other (Creswell, 2014).

3 RESULTS

3.1 Descriptive Statistic

Before examining the finding we shall provide a

more detailed description of our sample.

Table 1: Mean, standard Deviation, and minimum and

maximum scores of the variable

o Variable Mean SD Max Min

1 Parenting

295.94 28.110 239 330

As table 1 shows the mean, standard deviation,

minimum and maximum score for parenting style.

3.2 Bloom’s Classification

Table 2: Sample and Bloom’s Classification

No Initial Name Bloom’s

Classification

1 Bibah C4

2 Ovani C1

3 Salwa C4

C C4

asution C4

6 DM C1

7 Frisca C4

8 SL C4

9 JMR C4

10 DC C4

11 HS C4

12 PS C4

13 Hambowo C4

14 WY C1

15 Romidha

16 L Sara

ih C4

Bloom’s classification is obtained by observation 4-

5 times in course human anatomy and physiology.

Observed what they asked and the question are then

analyzed according to the Bloom Theory. There

were 12 students with C4 asking levels and 4

students with C1 asking levels.

3.3 The Logistic Multinomial

Regression

We applied a logistic multinomial regression to

investigate whether there is an effect of parenting on

the level of asking students. Multinomial logistic

was used because data of Bloom’ taxonomy is

nominal.

Table 3: Logistic multinomial regression

Effect Model

Fitting

Criteria

Chi-

Square

df Sig

Parentin

17.995 17.995 14 0.207

Using logistic multinomial regression would to

determine effect parenting on the asking level of

student. Logistic multinomial regression is used

because one variable data was nominal. Result of

this research, there is no effect of parenting on the

level of asking students. It will be identified by sig

0.207. Accurately, level of asking student is not

associated to parenting perspective.

4 DISCUSSION

An interesting founding is that almost all

respondents received authoritarian parenting from

childhood to adolescence. Two respondents who

care with authoritative style and both are orphans,

the other father died when the respondent was in

womb and the other died before the respondent

entered elementary school. However, parenting

styles was change after respondent going to puberty.

The change is because parents are confused

about how to deal with adolescent behavioral

problems, for example: going out at night and

hanging out with friends until the wee hours of the

morning, smoking, fighting and shouting when

scolded by parents.

The average father never invited to discuss about

school, the future and others. He stayed more at

home. Work and earn money is the father’s duty,

and the one who takes care about children is a

mother. There were 4 respondents who were not

Analysis of Parenting in the Question Level Perspective in Student of Universitas Riau Kepulauan

333

taken care of by parents until entering high school.

All four respondents were taken care of by other

families, especially grandmothers because their

parents divorced. Precisely, toddler to adolescent

was a grim period for the four respondents.

It should be noted, lower of asking level was

affected by self-esteem and self-autonomy. Earlier

research reported lower sense of autonomy in

adolescents contribute to low self-esteem, which

contributes in turn to adolescents identification with

peer group who violate social norms and increases

the likelihood that they will espouse norm-violating

attitudes and behavior. Previous study likely

reported self-esteem fully mediated the relationship

between social support and academic achievement

and social exhaustion (Hesari and Hejazi, 2011; Li et

al., 2018).

Other studies said, to achieve C6 in taxonomy

Bloom requires deep learning. Then deep learning

should be collaborated with technology enhanced

learning environment (TEL) which is now very easy

to obtain. Recent research concludes that self-system

need to be developed to elaborate problem-solving

skills and design a combined problem-solving

solution that admit the critics and suggestion

(Demetriou et al., 2019; Lee and Choi, 2017).

We would answer about parenting and question

level. We found that parenting is positively related

to parent-adolescent interaction. It is known that the

positive parent-adolescent relationship that is built

will have an impact on quality of life (QOL) and

partially reduced the level of smartphone use

disorder (SUD). On the other hand, poor parent-

child relationship enhanced SUD and has an effect

on QOL. We know that almost all respondents did

not have a good relationship with their parents as a

child. They grow by themselves without being

unhappy with parent. Four of respondent were not

taken care of by their children childhood (Gao et al.,

2019).

It was found in the respondents that their parents

were never satisfied and proud of the result they had

achieved. This is consistent with previous studies

that reported that a majority of older adults

expressed dissatisfaction with their children

achievement in both occupation and finances while

expressions of satisfaction were found in education,

health, relationship and spirituality(Olawa and

Idemudia, 2019).

Parents have direct genetic influences on

children’s temperament and personality. In addition,

passive gene-environment correlations mean that

parenting practices, as well as the choices parents

make in shaping their child’s environment, are

influenced by shared genetic characteristics. Most of

the respondents were raised by the type of

authoritarian parents. Only three respondents

claimed to be cared for with parents who would

listen and discuss with them. The rest they must

obey the commands of their parents. Must not

oppose or express his opinion personally. Even

though the rules are all related to themselves (Anaya

and Pérez-Edgar, 2019)

The temporary conclusion is that the habit of

asking questions is formed from childhood.

Precisely, the authoritarian parenting styles received

by almost all respondents made them reluctant to ask

questions in class. Because when they were little

they were only asked to obey orders without

commenting anything. However, this research had a

weaknesses, the scale should be given with each

parenting pattern so that maximum results are

obtained, and observations in class discussions are

conducted in the long term and in several classes so

that the observations are more accurate.

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