Evaluation of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) Administration to the

Growth Performance of Tambra Fish (Tor tambra)

Hesti Wahyuningsih and Emita Sabri

Department of Biology, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Cinnamon, Fish Feed, Growth Performance, Tambra Fish, Tor tambra.

Abstract: Fish feed is a substantial component in aquaculture. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) is known as natural

ingredient to improve physiological endurance. Research on evaluating the growth performance of Tambra

fish (Tor tambra) by administering fish feed mixed with cinnamon powder has been conducted.. The study

aims to analyze the growth performance and survival rate of Tambra fish fed with different cinnamon

concentrations. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with nine replications and three treatments was

chosen as experimental design. Tambra fish or jurung weighing ± 50 grams were maintained for three

months. The treatments used were T1 (pellet feed without cinnamon); T2 (0.5% cinnamon pellet); T3 (Pellet

with cinnamon pellet in a ratio of 1: 1). Each aquarium was filled with 10 Tambra fish. Data analysis

includes specific growth rates, growth patterns, fish survival , and water qualities. The highest growth rate

of tambra fish was obtained from T3 treatment with 0.266% or weight gain of 25.11 grams. The growth

pattern of tambra shows a negative allometric growth pattern with a survival rate of 70-80%. Administration

of cinnamon as feed supplement then is considered as effective formulation to improve the appetite of

tambra fish.

1 INTRODUCTION

Jurung fish (Tor sp.) is a local Indonesian fish,

especially in North Sumatra. This species belonging

to the Cyprinidae family, have characteristics as fast

swimmers, silvery-white body to black, living in

waters with heavy currents and high dissolved

oxygen levels. Demands on jurung fish for

consumption have increased their catchment from

the wild. Therefore, to maintain its population in

nature, domestication needs to be conducted,

including through intensification of fish feed

technology. Domestication of jurung is needed to

support the cultivation of fish especially in the

undeveloped North Sumatra.

Fish feed is an important component in

aquaculture. The need for sufficient energy can only

be fulfilled through proper feeding to maintain the

survival and and growth of the fishes. According to

Kompiang, (2000), the availability of fish feed as a

source of energies, e.g protein, fat, carbohydrates,

vitamins and minerals, are important for the

longevity of the fishes. Research by Sunarto and

Sabariah (2009) on the growth of other jurung

species or Tor douronensis showed the highest

growth by 6% of biomass per day.

Jurung is an omnivorous fish, commonly feed on

both plant and animal feeds, including plant

residues, insects, mollusks, fruits, detritus and

plankton (Rupawan, 1999; Haryono, 2006). Good

fish feed quality will be able to spur the growth rates

and fish survival. Therefore it is necessary to add

nutritious composition to the feed in order to

increase the adaptability of fish.

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) is a natural

ingredient from plants, often used to increase

physiological endurance. Phytochemicals contained

in cinnamon include essential oils, cinnamadehid,

eugenol, calcium oxalate, flavonoids, saponins and

other nutritional content such as sugar, protein,

crude fat and pectin (Gunawan and Mulyani, 2004).

Addition of cinnamon leaf extract by 1 g / kg of feed

reduced the levels of fat, cholesterol and

triglycerides in catfish meat (Pangasianodon

hypopthalmus) (Setiawati, et al., 2016).

Cinnamon may also function as an appetite

enhancer. The ability of fish to consume feed well,

will determine the survival rate and growth of fish

weights. Therefore, the addition of cinnamon powder

Wahyuningsih, H. and Sabri, E.

Evaluation of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) Administration to the Growth Performance of Tambra Fish (Tor tambra).

DOI: 10.5220/0010199400002775

In Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics (IMC-SciMath 2019), pages 395-398

ISBN: 978-989-758-556-2

395

to fish feed to analyze survival / survival and ability

to add weight (growth rate) needs to be evaluated in

order to improve the aquaculture of jurung fish.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Experimental Design

Experimental design used in this study was the

Completely Randomized Design with 9 replications.

The treatments in this study are: T1 treatment (pellet

feed); T2 (0.5% cinnamon pellet); T3 (Pellet +

cinnamon pellet in a ratio of 1:1). The aquariums

used are 50 x 40 x 30 cm in size, 27 of which are

filled with 10 fish.

2.2 Fish Sample

Jurung fish used in this study were obtainedf from

the natural streams weighing 40-50 g/indIVIDU.

Prior experimentation, all fishes are acclimatized for

1 week by feeding them the commercial pellets. The

aquarium is filled with tap water until 50% of the

height.

2.3 Fish Feed Formulation

Fish feeds used in experiment was the commercial

pellets for fish growth. Feed in the form of corn

granules, derived from dried local corn, was crushed

into small granules. A 0.5% cinnamon feed was

formulated by mixing 0.5 gram cinnamon powder

and 100 gram commercial pellet (Tarigan, 2017).

The formulation was then mixed with progol (3-5

g/kg of feed) as cinnamon adhesive in feed. The

formulation is added with 150 mL of water per kg of

feed. The formulations were stirred evenly and dried

in ambient temperature (± 60 minutes).

2.4 Fish Treatment

During experiment, jurung fishes were fed twice a

day for 5% of body weight. Water volume was

replaced based on waste disposal volume. Body

weight was measured in the interval of 2 weeks.

Water quality was measured daily (dissolved

oxygen, pH, water temperature) and twice a week

(NH

, PO

, BOD

2.5 Data Analysis

Data obtained in this study were length-body weight

of fishes measured using standard caliper and

analytical scale, the survival rate (Huisman, 1988),

specific growth rate (Huisman, 1988), and growth

pattern (Effendi, 2002).

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Provision of different cinnamon concentration in

fish feed showed differences in body weight of

jurung at the end of the study. Formulation of T3

produced the highest increase of 25% compared to

other feed compositions (Figure 1, Table 1). The

addition of optimum cinnamon powder favored the

fish appetite. In contrary, the addition of higher

cinnamon powder render fish to consume the pellets.

Table 1: Mean body weight and specific growth rate

(SGR) of jurung during observation.

Treatmen

Body weigh

(

)

SGR (%)

T1 17,57 0,176

T2 15,69 0,175

T3 25,11 0,266

Cinnamon is a natural ingredient with strong aroma.

Formulation and provision of cinnamon into this fish

feed will also increase the aroma of the fish feed,

which is thought to be less likeable by jurung fish

leading to decrease of fish appetite. Kurnia et al.

(2002) stated that the aroma of fish feed should

mimic the natural appearance of their prey in the

wild.

The survival rates of jurung in all treatments are

still considered as normal although the lowest

percentage was obtained from T3 (Table 2). The

growth of jurung fish during rearing in aquarium

shows a negative allometric growth pattern with a

value of b = 2.67 (Figure 2). The growth rate of fish

can be explained by measuring the fish’s length-

weight relationship (Muchlisin et al., 2010).

According to Jobling (2002), the value of b

obtained less than 3 indicates that the weight gain of

fish is smaller than the length of growth so that the

fish look slimmer. Negative allometric patterns can

be caused partly by the physico-chemical conditions

of the environment, food availability, and fish

behavior. Environmental factors and fish behavior

are thought to have the greatest contribution on the

growth patterns of jurung fish. Jurung fish including

IMC-SciMath 2019 - The International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics (IMC-SciMath)

396

0123456

Fish Body Weight (g)

Observation Period (Week)

T1 T2 T3

y = 6E-05x

2,6703

R² = 0,8371

100

120

140

160

0 50 100 150 200 250

Body Weight (g)

Length (mm)

Figure 1: Profile of jurung body weight (gram) during observation period.

Table 2: Survival rates (%) of jurung

Treatment N Observation period Survival rate

(%)

1 2 3 4 5 6

T1 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 80

T2 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 80

T3 10 8 8 8 7 7 7 70

Figure 2: Growth pattern of jurung fish after provision of cinnamon feed formulation.

active swimmer fish that allows a lot of energy used

to move. This is consistent with the statement from

Shukor et al. (2008), and Muchlisin et al. (2010) that

fish that are classified as active swimmers have

lower b values because swimming activities require

greater energy.

4 CONCLUSION

The highest weight gain was obtained from the T3

treatment of cinnamon (1:1) with a negative

allometric growth pattern and a survival rate of 70-

Evaluation of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) Administration to the Growth Performance of Tambra Fish (Tor tambra)

397

80%. Giving the mixture of cinnamon in the feed

can increase the appetite of jurung fish.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This study was fully funded by Universitas Sumatera

Utara through scheme of Penelitian Dasar

TALENTA USU year 2017.

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