Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanopaticles

Mahyuni Harahap

1,2

, Mia Oktavia

1,2

and Saharman Gea

1,2

Cellulosic and Functional Materials Research Centre, Universitas Sumatera Utara,

Jl. Bioteknologi, Medan, 20155, Indonesia

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara,

Jl. Bioteknologi, Medan, 20155, Indonesia

Keywords: Green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, chemical reduction, TEM, UV-visible

Abstract: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out by chemical reduction method. The

reduction was carried out in a close and dark condition at 90

C for 4 h. Glucose was used as the reducing

agent, while starch was used as the stabilizing agent. The reduction of Ag

was indicated by color change in

the solution from colorless to brown. Synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy

and transmission electron microscopy, which showed that AgNPs had SPR value of 435 nm with spherical

shapes. Moreover, the dimension of AgNPs was approximately 9.15 ± 4.15 nm.

1 INTRODUCTION

Silver (Ag) is a promising chemical element to be

used in various applications such as medicine,

electronics, and household tools. It is classified as

a transition metal and has interesting properties.

However, the uses of silver are limited because it

oxidized spontaneously when exposed to free

oxygen molecules (Khorasani et al.,

2009)(Zheludkevich et al., 2004). Recently, the

production of silver in nanoscale has become

highly attractive due to nanoparticles physical,

chemical, and biological properties, which are

being studied through analytical techniques, i.e. x-

ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,

fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis

spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy,

scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light

scattering, and localized surface plasmon

resonance (Salleh et al., 2020).

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have unique

physical and chemical properties with their

surface-to-volume ratio, which enable modification

of their physical, chemical, and biological

properties. These properties have made AgNPs in

high demand for various applications such as in

health care, as well as for medical and industrial

purposes (Morones et al., 2005). The biological

activity of AgNPs is the most intriguing property

influenced by the particle size distribution, surface

chemistry and morphology, chemical composition,

agglomeration, capping agents, particle responses

in media, the release of ions, and the reducing

agents used in the synthesis of AgNPs (Prakash et

al., 2017).

Generally, the synthesis of AgNPs through

physical, chemical, and biological methods is

known as green synthesis. Additionally, the

synthesis is classified into top-down (consists of

mechanical grinding of silver bulks) and bottom-

up method (consists of chemical reduction, sono-

decomposition, and electrochemical methods) as

shown in Figure 1 (Slepička et al., 2020).

Figure 1. AgNPs preparation method.

Some studies reported green synthesis of

AgNPs by using eucalyptus hybrida (Safeda)

leaves was able to produce stable AgNPs in

solutions with uniform shapes. Moreover, by using

chemical reduction method, AgNPs produced had

good antimicrobial activity (Landage, Wasif and

Dhuppe, 2014). However, no AgNPs dimensions

were reported (Dubey, Bhadauria and Kushwah,

2009).

574

Harahap, M., Oktavia, M. and Gea, S.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanopaticles.

DOI: 10.5220/0010613700002775

In Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics (IMC-SciMath 2019), pages 574-576

ISBN: 978-989-758-556-2

This study aimed to synthesize AgNPs by

chemical reduction process. Chemical synthesis

has been widely used as it can easily produce

AgNPs with higher yields and lower cost

compared to physical approach.

2 EXPERIMENTAL

Materials

AgNO

, starch and glucose were purchased from

Merck, Germany.

Chemical reduction of silver nanoparticles

AgNO

was used as a precursor for the synthesis of

AgNPs by chemical reduction method. Firstly,

AgNO

and glucose were mixed under constant

stirring with 1:1 ratio in a beaker glass. Then, 80

mL of the mixture were transferred to another

beaker glass and 20 mL of starch 1% was added.

The mixture was vigorously stirred in a close and

dark condition at 90 ℃ for 4 h. After that, the

sample was cooled at room temperature and

centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes. The

product was collected for characterization (TEM

and UV-visible).

UV-visible

UV-visible spectra were recorded on an

ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometer (UV 1800

series, Shimadzu Scientific Instrument). The

samples were diluted and measured with

wavelengths between 200 and 800 nm.

Transmission

electron microscopy

The nanoparticles of AgNPs were investigated by

using a LoJeol 1200 EX transmission electron

microscope (TEM). The instrument was operated

using an accelerating voltage of 80 kV.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

UV-visible analysis

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the

synthesized AgNPs was analyzed by using UV-

visible spectra between 200 nm and 700 nm. In

this study, the SPR value of AgNPs obtained was

435 nm (Figure 2). Previous study reported AgNPs

with SPR value from 410 nm to 425 nm (Handoko

et al., 2017). The success in AgNPs synthesis in

this study was indicated by the colour change from

reduction (Figure 3).The formation of AgNPs

is well-known to be indicated by the

transformation of solution from colourless to

brown. The change occurred in the solution

suggested the formation of AgNPs with the

excitation of SPR in silver metal nanoparticles

(Dubey, Bhadauria and Kushwah, 2009).

Figure 2 UV-visible spectra of silver nanoparticles.

Figure 3 Brown color from Ag

reduction.

Transmission electron microscopy

Images from TEM analysis of AgNPs are

presented in Figure 4. From the Figure, AgNPs

were shown to have formed spherical shapes,

which were also reported in other studies

(Shanmugam et al., 2018)(Handoko et al., 2017).

The dimension of AgNPs produced was calculated

by using image J analysis. The average size was

approximately 9.15 + 4.15 nm. Based on the

investigation, AgNPs solution was stable with up

to one-month storage.

Figure 4. TEM images of AgNPs.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanopaticles

575

4 CONCLUSION

Green synthesis of AgNPs using chemical

reduction was done by using AgNO

, glucose and

starch as the precursor and reducing agents. The

formation of AgNPs was indicated by the color

change in mixing solution from colorless to

become dark brown after 4 h of synthesis. UV-

visible analysis showed that SPR value of AgNPs

was at 435 nm. The spherical shapes of AgNPs

were confirmed by TEM analysis. In addition, the

dimensions of AgNPs were calculated by using

Image J analysis and obtained average diameter at

approximately 9.15 + 4.15 nm.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors would like thank the Rector of

Universitas Sumatera Utara and all researchers at

Cellulosic and Functional Materials Research

Centre for the support given throughout the

research.

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