The Benefits of Massage on Subjective Physiological Complaints in

the Second Semester Students of IKOR FIK Universitas Negeri

Manado

Fentje Welliam Langitan

, Cindy Ranti Rantung

Department of Health and Recreation Education, Universitas Negeri Manado, Tomohon, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Department of Sports Education, Universitas Negeri Manado, Tomohon, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Keywords:

Massaging, Subjective Physiological, IKOR.

Abstract: From the fact of field observation both physical education teachers and coaches do not understand the importance

of the implementation of massage for warming up and cooling down dynamically, in one activity or sport and

exercise activities at that time. Moreover, athletes were massaged at the rest period or the next round. They

found massage to be a beneficial role for the recovery and physical condition, injury prevention. This

formulation of the research problem is whether the benefits of massaging on the lack of physiological

complaint in the second-semester students of IKOR FIK. The method in this study is a quasi-experimental

design with one group pretest-posttest design. Data analysis techniques used to test the hypothesis in this

study is the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Based on data collection and data

processing, it can be concluded that

massaging can be benefits to the decline of subjective, physiological

complaints in the second-semester

students of IKOR FIK Universitas Negeri Manado.

1 INTRODUCTION

Massaging is one of the most effective ways to assist in

the athlete coaching process. Massaging is a massage

activity with hands on the surface of the body to help

facilitate the circulation of blood and fluids (Delaxtrat,

2013). Its implementation is by the form of massage,

polishing, anxiety and beating on blood surface of skin

and muscle correctly. However, massage can cause

excitement in the nerve ducts located in the entire body

tissue to cause a reaction, resulting in muscle and joint

movement, and help the process of metabolism in the

body. More than that, massage is useful for the

maintenance of the body and reduce fatigue only and

naturally in sports.

Massaging is an effort that is used as an active

break during exercise in volleyball, basketball and

other sports (Zadkhosh, Joseph, 2018). Even

massaging is done to stimulate the body to produce

heat naturally needed for athletes who do not warm

up enough in avoiding injury. In the implementation

of massaging, it needs to be considered in particular

areas as a massage area. So that massage is done

useful and brings a positive effect for the body

(Giovanelli, 2018). Massaging is only performed on

specific body parts such as a javelin thrower that

allows the thrower not to continue his work due to

illness. So massage should only be done in times of

need (Langitan, 2012). According to Hardianto

(1993), "massage can prevent injury by applying an

electric appliance, the water sprays or by the

manipulation with hand massage". The benefits of

massaging for body tissue consist of four parts are:

first, the benefits of massaging to the neural network;

second, the benefits of massaging to skin tissue; third,

the benefits of massaging to muscle tissue, and

finally, the benefits of massaging to the circulatory

system (Jung, 2000).

Furthermore, according to (Rahim, 1988) massaging

may be used for: a) hygienic massage, b) therapeutic

massage (c) massage in joint injury and massage in the

treatment of muscle and tendon injury. In reality, both

physical education teachers and trainers still do not

understand the importance of the implementation of

massage as a substitute for dynamic warning and

dynamic calling down, in one activity or sport or

exercise activities at

that time—moreover, an athlete

who is playing a game or a race. Trainers do not

perform massage while at rest to enter in the next set

or round their role; the role is beneficial for the

recovery of the condition and physical, injury

prevention. Based on the above facts, researchers feel

interested in examining the benefits of massaging to

Welliam Langitan, F. and Ranti Rantung, C.

The Beneﬁts of Massage on Subjective Physiological Complaints in the Second Semester Students of IKOR FIK Universitas Negeri Manado.

DOI: 10.5220/0010622200002967

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Vocational Higher Education (ICVHE 2019) - Empowering Human Capital Towards Sustainable 4.0 Industry, pages 207-210

ISBN: 978-989-758-530-2; ISSN: 2184-9870

207

the lack of subjective, physiological complaints in the

second-semester students of IKOR FIK UNIMA.

This problem is as follows: is there the benefits of

massaging to the lack of subjective, physiological

complaints on the students FIK UNIMA. So the

purpose of the study is to find out whether there is a

contribution massaging to the lack of physiological

complaints in the second-semester students of IKOR

FIK UNIMA.

2 METHODS

The method used in this research is quasi-

experimental by highlighting the effect of the

implementation of massaging to the lack of

subjective, physiological complaints with the design

of one group pre-test post-test only design. The

implementation of research in FIK UNIMA and the

implementation time is done for two months. The

population in this study is the second-semester

students of IKOR FIK UNIMA, while the sample of

this study amounted to 15 people taken by random of

the existing population (Notoadmodjo, 2002).

The experimental method is activities planned and

carried out by researchers to collect data that is related

to the hypothesis. For a more specific experimental

research design (Table 1), the authors used a

randomized pre-test and post-test control group

research model (Wijaya, 2000).

Table 1: Research design.

Group

Pre-test

Treatment Post-test

Information:

T1: The experimental group is given treatment

T2: Control group that is not given treatment

01ex: Initial test of the experimental group given

treatment

01c: Final test of the control group that was not given

treatment

X: Treat the experimental group

02ex: Final test of the experimental group given

treatment

02c: Final test of the control group that is not given

treatment

The instrument in this study was carried out with

questionnaire entries or using Nordic Body Map

questionnaire (Mautang, 2002).

With the implementation as follows: a person is

given a 12-minute running treatment on the track, and

then data on complaints of muscle aches are collected

using Nordic Body Map. After three days, the person

was told to run for 12 minutes and given a massage

and fill in complaints about muscle aches.

Data analysis techniques in this study, namely

before being analyzed is a prerequisite test that is by

testing normality and homogeneity, using t-test based

on observations with a significance level  = 0.05

single group pattern in equation (1).

(1)

Information:

: The average experimental group : Average

control group

Sd: Combined standard deviation value

n1: Number of sample experimental groups

n2: Number of sample control groups

According to Sudjana (1986), test homogeneity

uses the F test equation (2).

𝐹

𝑀𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠

𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠

2

The test statistic used is the Liliefors test by

calculating the Zi, F (zi), and deviation F (zi) -S (zi)

values. Where is the value: Zi: Liliefors test; X:

Subjective, physiological complaints : Average

value; and Sd: Standard deviation.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The hypothesis tested to the truth in this research is

the benefits of massaging to subjective, physiological

complaints in the second-semester students of IKOR

FIK UNIMA.

As the acceptance and rejection criteria of the

above hypothesis are as follows:

ICVHE 2019 - The International Conference of Vocational Higher Education (ICVHE) “Empowering Human Capital Towards Sustainable

4.0 Industry”

208

- Accept H0 if T ≥ Tα

- Reject H0 if T < Tα

The test is done with a significant level of 0.01

with degrees of free n: 15 so that the critical value is

obtained = 20. The critical value is used as a

comparison tool to the value of T, the comparison

between T and Tα (critical value) indicates that the

observational value of T is smaller of T table is 0 <20

then H0 is rejected, and HA is accepted. It means that

there are the benefits of massaging physiological

sympathy to the second-semester students of IKOR

FIK UNIMA.

The measurement results on the subjective,

physiological complaint experiment group of the

second-semester students of IKOR FIK UNIMA can

be seen in table 2.

Table 2: Results of the subjective, physiological complaints

experiment group.

No Pre-test Post-test

1. 50 58

2. 49 56

3. 46 54

4. 48 58

5. 41 49

6. 47 56

7. 42 51

8. 55 63

9. 43 52

10. 52 62

∑ Pre-test (O1) = 473; = 47,3 Sd = 4,4733

∑ Post-test (O

2) = 559; = 55,9 Sd = 4,5570

Furthermore, the results of subjective,

physiological complaints in the control group are

shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Results of the subjective, physiological complaints

control group.

No Pres-test Post-test

1. 44 48

2. 43 45

3. 48 51

4. 50 53

5. 49 52

6. 46 48

7. 52 55

8. 44 47

9. 41 44

10. 47 49

∑ Pre-test (O1) = 464; = 46,4 Sd = 3,4384

∑ Post-test (O2) = 492; = 49,2 Sd = 3,5213

Furthermore, the results of individual, physiological

complaints difference both in the pre-test and post-test

experimental groups and the difference in subjective,

physiological complaints both in the pre-test and post-

test control groups are showed in table 4.

Table 4: Difference in subjective, physiological complaints

experiment and control group.

No Experiment Control

(X1) (X2)

1. 8 4

2. 7 2

3. 8 3

4. 10 3

5. 8 3

6. 9 2

7. 9 3

8. 8 3

9. 9 3

10. 10 2

The results of the analysis of the normality of the

data using the Liliefors test statistic showed that the

samples drawn from both groups, both the

experimental group and the control group came from

the population with a normal distribution (Table 4).

Likewise in the homogeneity test where the two

sample groups showed homogeneous or equal

variance, this means that the two sample groups

before receiving different treatments have the same

initial ability so that if there is or occurs a change

solely because of the treatment factor, in this case, is

the treatment with the benefits of massage.

Based on the results of the data presentation, it

can be seen that the conditions before or pre-test and

post-test conditions of the two groups showed

differences in the numbers obtained in the complaints

of objective physiology in the second-semester

students of IKOR FIK UNIMA (table 5). These

results show that the conditions before or pre-test of

the two groups did not show significant differences,

but the conditions after or post-test the two groups

showed a significant difference, where for the post-

test scores the experimental group gained more than

the acquisition of numbers in control. These scores

show that massaging contribution given for two

months with a frequency of three times week training

can have a significant effect, especially for increasing

subjective, physiological complaints in the second-

semester students of IKOR FIK UNIMA.

The Beneﬁts of Massage on Subjective Physiological Complaints in the Second Semester Students of IKOR FIK Universitas Negeri Manado

209

Table 5: The results of the difference between pre-test and

post-test Experimental group and control group.

Experiment Control

(X1) (X2)

n1 = 10 n2 = 10

∑X1 = 86 ∑X2 = 28

X1 = 8,6 X2 = 2,8

Sd1 = 0,9661 Sd2 = 0,6324

Sd1

= 0,9333 Sd2

= 0,9324

Information:

n: Number of Samples

∑X: Total Value in Both Groups

: Average value Sd: Standard Deviation

Sd2: Nature Standard Deviation (variance)

Liliefors test is one of the normality tests used to

test whether the sample comes from a population that

is typically distributed (tables 6 and 7).

Table 6: Calculation of group normality test experiment.

Xi Zi F(zi) S(zi) F(zi)-S(zi)

41 1,41 0,0792 0,1 0,0207

42 -1,18 0,119 0,2 0,081

43 -0,96 0,1685 0,3 0,1315

46 -0,29 0,3859 0,4 0,0141

47 -0,07 0,4721 0,5 0,0279

48 -0,16 0,5636 0,6 0,0464

49 0,38 0,648 0,7 0,052

50 0,6 0,7257 0,8 0,0743

52 1,05 0,8931 0,9 0,0069

55 1,72 0,9573 1 0,0427

The results showed that the calculation of the t-test

statistical analysis results Tob = 7.17> Ttab = 2.110.

Therefore, Ho is rejected, and Ha is accepted which

states that the average subjective, physiological

complaints in the second-semester students of IKOR

FIK UNIMA in the experimental group were given by

contribution massaging has a more significant increase

than the average subjective, physiological complaints in

the second-semester students of IKOR FIK UNIMA in

the control group (Mohamadyari, 2018).

This study shows that there are the benefits of

the contribution of massaging to subjective,

physiological complaints in the second-semester

students of IKOR FIK UNIMA.

Table 7: Group Normality Testing Control.

Xi Zi F

(

)

(

)

(

)

-S

(

)

41 -1,57 0,0582 0,1 0,0418

43 -0,98 0,1635 0,2 0,0365

44 -0,69 0,2451 0,3 0,1549

44 -0,69 0,2451 0,4 0,1549

46 -0,11 0,4562 0,5 0,0438

47 0,17 0,5675 0,6 0,0325

48 0,46 0,6772 0,7 0,0228

49 0,75 0,7734 0,8 0,0266

50 1,07 0,8577 0,9 0,0423

52 1,62 0,9474 1 0,0526

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of research that has been proven

testing of data based on the variables measured, it can

be concluded that there is the benefits of massaging

on subjective, physiological complaints in the

second-semester students of IKOR FIK UNIMA.

REFERENCES

Delaxtrat A., Calleja-González J, Hippocrate A and Clarke

N D., 2013. J. Sports Sci.

Giovanelli, N., Vaccari, F., Floreani, M., Rejc, E., Copetti,

J., Garra, M.,Biasutti, L., and Lazzer, S., 2018. Hum.

Kinetics.

Hardianto, W., 1993. Cedera Olahraga. Penerbit Buku

Kedokteran Jakarta.

Joseph, L.H., Hancharoenkul, B., Sitilertpisan, P., Pirunsan,

U., and Paungmali, A., 2018. Asian J, Sports Med. In

Press.

Jung, C. H., 2000. Masase olahraga untuk masyarakat

umum. Penerbit Universitas Negeri Malang.

Langitan, F. W., 2017. Makalah perkuliahan sport massage

FIK Unima Tondano.

Mautang, T., 2002. Efektifitas dan efisiensi kinerja serta

keluhan subyektif pegawai Negeri Sipil Kantor Bupati

Minahasa. FIK UNIMA.

Mohamadyari, S., Shojaedin, S. S., and Barati, A. H., 2018.

Med. Sci. J. Gorgan Univ

Notoadmodjo, S., 2002. Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan.

Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.

Rahim, A. S., 1988. Masase Olahraga: Teori Metode Dan

Praktek, Jakarta.

Sudjana, 1986. Metode statistik. Tarsito.

Wiyaja, I.R., 2000. Statistika non parametrik. Penerbit

Alfabeta Bandung

Zadkhosh, S., M, Ariaee, E and Zandi, H. G., 2018 J.

Phy.Edu. Health Sport 5.

ICVHE 2019 - The International Conference of Vocational Higher Education (ICVHE) “Empowering Human Capital Towards Sustainable

4.0 Industry”

210