Relationship between Interpersonal Communication with School

Principal Performance in Disruption Era Study in Manado

Helena Vonny Opit

, Felly Ferol Warouw

Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Manado, Tondano, Indonesia

Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Negeri Manado, Tondano, Indonesia

Keywords: Relationship, Interpersonal Communication, Principal Performance

Abstract: This study aims to determine the role of interpersonal communication in improving the performance of

principals. The research method is descriptive research to identify the definition of research justified by

correlational research methods using the SPPS application. The population in this study was the High School

Principal in the city of Manado. Samples were taken 50 randomly by purposive sampling method. The results

of the study regarding the form of interpersonal communication resulting from identification found that

currently, various forms of interpersonal communication are developing. The tendency of communication

leads to the use of internet-based technology. The results of the SPSS test show that there is a positive

relationship between Interpersonal Communication and Principal Performance. Based on conclusions and

looking at the facts in the field, the form of relationships created can be used as a basis for improving the

performance of Middle School Principals through maximization, technology-based interpersonal

communication. If the form of interpersonal communication runs, the performance of the principal will

increase. The findings of the form of dominant interpersonal communication are carried out using internet

smartphone technology accompanied by the Manado dialect as an effective interpersonal communication

strategy.

1 INTRODUCTION

In 2019 the development of human resources received

special attention from the government. This

development is evidenced by the speech of President

Jokowi, who will prioritize human resources

development. Improving the quality of human

resources is an absolute prerequisite for achieving

development goals. The quality of human resources

is currently developing, along with technological

developments (Susar & Aquaro, 2019). Human

resources determinants are enhanced through various

educational programs that are carried out

systematically and directed based on interests that

refer to the advancement of science and technology.

The science and technology developed undoubtedly

does not neglect the local wisdom of the Indonesian

people (Meliono, 2011).

The level of education prevailing in Indonesia is

divided into basic education, secondary education and

higher education. Primary education consists of

Elementary School (SD) and Junior High School

(SMP). Secondary education is called high school

(SMA). Regarding high school results, the research

shows that school performance in 2016, the

performance of schools in Indonesia is still low.

Academic quality is still in the order of the world

average (Navarro et al., 2015).

In the industrial revolution era 4.0, the

implementation of education shifted from

conventional procedures to digital. Most of the work

previously carried out by humans shifted to robots

(Shahroom and Hussin, 2018). This shift in

conventional functions to digital requires new

knowledge for the world of education, including the

performance of principals. Education transformation

should be able to accommodate the use of technology

for the sustainability of life without ignoring the

environment (Mota & Oliveira, 2014).

The city of Manado consists of eleven sub-

districts and has a high school population of 55

schools which can accommodate as many as 12,198

students. The performance of the Principal in Kota

Manado in 2009 can be stated in 2 (two aspects),

namely: (1) equitable distribution of education, and

(2) improving the quality of education. In the

Vonny Opit, H. and Warouw, F.

Relationship between Interpersonal Communication with School Principal Performance in Disruption Era Study in Manado.

DOI: 10.5220/0010685100002967

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Vocational Higher Education (ICVHE 2019) - Empowering Human Capital Towards Sustainable 4.0 Industry, pages 359-363

ISBN: 978-989-758-530-2; ISSN: 2184-9870

359

education sector, 1,172 teachers were identified as

63.57% in the category of teaching eligibility, and

36.43% in the category of inappropriate teaching

(Daud, 2012)

School performance as an area of present

educational transformation is primarily determined

by the performance of principals as top managers in

an educational institution. The principal has a vital

and strategic role in controlling the school while

providing direction for the progress of the school he

leads (Goolamally & Ahmad, 2014). The principal

also controls the activities of the teaching and

learning process carried out by teachers and other

education personnel. The principal’s performance is

an essential and fundamental aspect of determining

the success of educational institutions.

Interpersonal communication is still essential in

the current era of globalization what our called

disruption era. The direction and form of digital

communication is a demand today. The headmaster

should have mastered the technology in

communicating. This communication is done to

improve the quality of the curriculum, learning,

managerial and so forth in order to be able to

encourage the growth of activity, creativity, and

professionalism possessed. The era of industrial

revolution encourages forms of interpersonal

communication that consistently utilize technology to

encourage schools to be more open, democratic, and

responsible. Based on the description, the researcher

chose the title: “Relationship between Interpersonal

Communication with School Principal Performance

In Disruption Era Study in Manado.”

2 METHOD

The purpose of this paper is to do Relationship with

Interpersonal Communication School Principal

Performance In Disruption Era Study in Manado. The

research was conducted at the Senior High School in

Manado City North Sulawesi Province. The time for

conducting research is nine months, starting from

June 2018 to February 2019.

The method used in this study is a survey with a

correlational approach. Data were obtained by

applying instruments developed by researchers. The

target population in this study was the Head of

Manado City High School. The affordable population

is the Head of Manado City Senior High School,

amounting to 55 people.

Figure 1: Research Model Variable.

3 ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION

3.1 Form Interpersonal

Communication

Sopiah defines communication as the delivery or

exchange of information from the sender to the

recipient, both verbally, in writing and using

communication tools. The exchange of information

that occurs between the sender and the recipient is not

only done in oral or written form but also using

sophisticated communication tools (Coyle-Shapiro &

Diehl, 2018). Today many managers send

information with complex management information

systems, where data comes from various sources

which are then analyzed by computers and delivered

to recipients electronically (Information, 2011).

Every individual in an organization in daily life

cannot be released from the world of communication.

Richard et al. stated that the level of communication

in an organization carried out by humans consists of

four, namely: (1) intraindividual, namely

communication within oneself, (2) interpersonal

namely communication that occurs between two or

more people, (3) Intra organizational namely

communication that occurs in groups or workgroups

(sub-units) that are different in the organization, (4)

other organizational communication that occurs

between organizations with other organizations or

organizations with their environment (Buć and

Divjak, 2018).

According to Byars and Rue, communication is

more than conversation, words, and reading. Real

communication occurs when a particular purpose has

been conveyed by one group and received by another

group. Therefore, communication can be defined as

the transfer of meaningful information to those

involved in it. The process of exchanging and

understanding information between two or more

people intends to motivate or influence a person’s

behaviour (Byars & Rue, 2003).

Better communication would lead to better

interpersonal communication. This statement is in

accordance with the opinion of Caputo, et al. in the

Principal

Performance

(Y)

Interpersonal

Communication

(X)

ICVHE 2019 - The International Conference of Vocational Higher Education (ICVHE) “Empowering Human Capital Towards Sustainable

4.0 Industry”

360

state of communication effectiveness can be

classified in various elements (POSEE), namely: (a)

positiveness, high appreciation for someone and other

people, where both show a positive attitude; (b)

openness, a high level of openness where self-

disclosure can occur by itself, (c) supportiveness,

clear communication rather than evaluative

comments accompanied by acceptance of ideas from

others, (d) equality, not treating others, or letting

others treat someone higher or lower, in that case,

more likely to give the same appreciation, (e)

empathy, the ability to put themselves in the shoes of

others, trying to understand the difficulties of others

through their perceptions (Opit, 2017).

Some communication theories define

interpersonal communication in several ways.

Bochner and Cappella in Devito stated that each

approach would add a different perspective on the

nature of interpersonal communication, namely: (1)

in the component definition that interpersonal

communication can be explained by paying attention

to its main components. In this case, the main

component is sending messages to someone and

receiving messages from other or small groups. This

process creates an opportunity to get an immediate

response, (2) in a rational definition, interpersonal

communication is considered as communication that

occurs between two people who have a relationship

clear and pre-existing, (3) in the development

approach, interpersonal communication can be seen

as the result of advancement in communication, and

the last thing if there is improved personal

communication. This progress signalled that there

had been a development of interpersonal

communication. According to Liliweri there are four

principles of interpersonal communication in

communication, namely: (1) inevitably as social

beings, humans always interact and communicate

with others, (2) cannot be changed, that something

that has been conveyed is challenging to change

again, (3) complicated, because they have to use

symbols, mutually understandable languages, (4)

contextual, these do not occur in confined spaces and

are always in context: (a) psychological, (b) rational,

Furthermore, Liliweri stated that aside from the four

principles, the function of interpersonal

communication is: (1) growing information, (2)

building a context of understanding, (3) forming

identity, (4) fulfilling interpersonal needs, and (5)

developing relationships Judging from the

arrangement of interpersonal communication is the

interaction or face-to-face communication between

individuals. The prefix “inter” means between, or in

between, thus interpersonal understanding is not one-

way communication. According to Arendondo,

interpersonal communication is an interaction that

takes place during a dialogue between two people or

a discussion between several people and is the active

participation of everyone involved in it. The methods

of communicating today have increased dramatically

with the emergence of broadcasting through

audiovisual, e-mail, internet, computers and mobile

phones. Ironically, more and more types of

technology are expanding the reach of

communication, but only a few use it to communicate

in the interest of increasing productivity and

performance. Sofo stated that (1) communication to

the frontline workers must come directly from the

supervisors, (2) communication must be face to face

(face to face), and (3) communication must be

specific to the local work area. In this regard, training

is needed for communication skills. It can be said that

individuals who are involved in interpersonal

communication in advance do not only use words and

patterns of grammar but also rely on nonverbal

gestures and complex body language to express their

intentions. In each culture, facial expressions,

patterns of action, and gestures have different

interpretive standards. This communication can add

an essential dimension to interpersonal understanding

in communication and as a contribution when the

recipient of the message provides feedback (Gardjito,

2017).

3.2 Research Interpretation

The process of exchanging and understanding

information between two or more people intends to

motivate or influence a person’s behaviour. In the

process, communication requires two essential

elements, namely the presence of senders and

recipients. The sender is someone who sends ideas or

concepts to others or information that expresses a

thought or emotion while the recipient is the person

intended to receive the message.

Communication is not only limited to

conversation, saying and reading. Real

communication occurs when a certain purpose has

been conveyed by one group and received by another

group. Therefore, communication is a meaningful

transfer of information to those involved in it.

Through interpersonal communication, a person

or group will be directly involved in a problem or

problem they face. Responding to the issue, they must

try to deal with it together to bring about an agreement

and understanding between the two parties. Thus,

dependence and concern arise between those who

Relationship between Interpersonal Communication with School Principal Performance in Disruption Era Study in Manado

361

need and who help to overcome the problems faced

by others. The higher the intensity of interpersonal

communication can be done, the higher the level of

dependence and concern between the two parties can

occur.

Through interpersonal communication, all past

experiences, both experience in success and failure

can be used as a reference in performing tasks better

and can strengthen one’s self-efficacy. Principals who

can utilize interpersonal communication effectively

can improve their self-efficacy by communicating

with their professional partners, leaders and staff.

They can manage a situation that is not conducive to

reduce user dissatisfaction as a result of the

limitations of the collection they have. His ability is

one form of efficacy in neutralizing difficulties with

various alternative solutions that can provide a better

solution.

The principal’s performance can be seen as

someone who uses the structures and procedures that

apply to achieve the goals of the school organization.

The attention of a manager is mainly focused on

maintaining the structure, procedures and objectives

set. A manager can be said as a stabilizer. The

principal, as a leader, is seen as a person who makes

changes. They are leaders as new structural and

procedural initiatives to achieve organizational goals.

Improving the performance of effective principals

can be done if the principals can adapt to nature and

behaviour, anticipating differences in the

characteristics of each individual who interacts in

interpersonal communication. The existence of

responsibility in anticipating every problem that

arises by giving special attention and challenges will

directly be able to minimize the big problems that

may arise in interpersonal communication. In

contrast, it can be assumed that Interpersonal

Communication has a positive relationship with the

Principal’s Performance. The better interpersonal

communication, the better the Principal’s

Performance (Byars & Rue, 2003).

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The research hypothesis formulation tested is that

there is a positive relationship between Interpersonal

Communication and Principal Performance. The

calculation results show that the regression equation

between the Principal’s Performance (Y) with

Interpersonal Communication (X) is Ŷ = 59.7 + 0.471

X. Linearity testing and significance of the regression

coefficient using F distribution as the results of an

analysis of variance (ANOVA) in the following table:

Table 1: Participation Level with Participation Ranking

Source D

JK RJK F-

calc.

F-

tabl

N 50 α =

0,05

α =

0,0

Regresi 1 3438,7 3438,

15,0

4,00 7,0

Residua

48 10964,3 228,4

Total 49 12822,0

TC 28 8056,3 287,7 1,96 2,04 2,7

Galat 20 2908,0 145,4

Information:

dk = degree of freedom

α = significance level

JK = sum of squares

JKT = Amount of average square

** = significance at α = 0.01 (Fh = 15.05> Ft = 7.08)

Based on the results of testing the significance and

linearity test shown in Table 1, it can be concluded

that the regression equation Ŷ = 59.7 + 0.471 X is

significant and linear. The regression equation shows

that every increase of 1 (one) score about

Interpersonal Communication will cause an increase

of 0.471 on the Principal Performance score with a

constant of 59.7.

Based on the results of data analysis, the results of

the study can be concluded as follows that there is a

positive relationship between Interpersonal

Communication and the Performance of Principals.

This result shows that if Interpersonal

Communication is getting better, then the Principal’s

Performance will also be better. Conversely, if

Interpersonal Communication is not right, then the

principal’s performance will decrease. This

communication shows that if interpersonal

communication can determine and contribute

significantly to the Principal’s Performance. In the

sense that if Interpersonal Communication is

improved, the Principal’s Performance will increase.

Conversely, if Interpersonal Communication

decreases, the principal’s performance will also

decrease.

5 CONCLUSION

‐ Interpersonal communication can improve

working relationships that are more effective,

harmonious and dynamic. In these conditions,

ICVHE 2019 - The International Conference of Vocational Higher Education (ICVHE) “Empowering Human Capital Towards Sustainable

4.0 Industry”

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information can be delivered and received more

quickly, so that by itself, decisions can be taken

more quickly as well.

‐ One of the capable forces in the management of

schools that play a responsible role in facing

change is the leadership of the school principal,

namely the behaviour of the principal who is able

to initiate new thinking in the interaction process

in the school environment by making changes or

adjusting goals, objectives, configurations,

procedures, inputs, the processor output of the

school in accordance with the demands of

development. No matter how great the design of

an educational program results from an

innovation effort, it will not provide a picture of

quality education results if the teacher does not

implement the concept in the design. For this

reason, various efforts to improve the quality of

education cannot escape the conditions of the

teacher.

Based on the conclusions and implications of the

research, several suggestions will be made regarding

the improvement of Principal Performance, namely:

First, programs should be implemented that can

support the Principal’s Performance, for example in

the form of training for Principals to increase

knowledge, ability, skills and simultaneously

increase the principal’s work motivation both as a

manager or as a professional educator.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The results of the study regarding Identifying the

Forms of Interpersonal Communication in improving

the performance of the Principal of Manado City

High School can be arranged. The author would like

to thank all those who have participated in the

implementation of this research. Thanks also to those

involved in formulating research results and their

implications for the progress of the education process

in Indonesia, especially North Sulawesi. Further,

thanks to the ICVHE seminar committee for this

opportunity to present this study. Hopefully, it can be

published for the sake of the advancement of science.

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