Employees’ Perception of Usefulness and Ease of Use of SAP

Information Systems: An Application of the Technology Acceptance

Model (TAM)

Sancoko, Mila Viendyasari, Athia Rahmah

Office Administration Laboratory, Vocational Education Program, Universitas Indonesia

Keywords: Perception, Information System, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

Abstract: This article aims to examine the relationship between perception of ease of use, perception of usefulness and

information technology acceptance of SAP application. This study use Davis Technology Acceptance Model

(TAM) as a theoretical framework. The method used is descriptive analysis method with a quantitative

approach, that is research which describes data collection on the result of the observation that has been done.

Data were collected from employees working in the spare part Departments. The findings concluded that the

use of SAP Information Systems are determined by employees’ perceptions on ease of use and usefulness of

the system. This study expands the existing literature by providing additional empirical supports on the use

of Technology Acceptance Model within the context of Indonesia. The results offer an insight into the factors

contributing to the acceptance of SAP application. This is important to ensure a sustained usage of the system

in the organisation. Information systems can help employees work more efficiently and effectively.

1 INTRODUCTION

The internet has become a new communication tool

that is used as an exchange of data. The number of

global Internet users increased from 23.2% in 2008 to

38.1% in 2013. With a global population of internet

users totaling 2.7 billion in 2013. Then in 2014, the

number of users increased to 2.9 billion and most

recently in 2015, internet users increased to 3 billion.

(Obeid & Ahmad, 2016). Information and

Communication Technology or ICT is a media that

supports data processing, information, storage,

transmission, and communication through various

types of facilities, especially the internet. The flexible

forms of ICT enable technology not only to bring

many benefits to businesses and organizations but also

become part of the movement of the organization's

activities. The willingness of people to use ICT is

influenced by social interaction and human factors.

The development of ICTs that so fast causes various

forms of knowledge and literacy to be obtained by

humans without knowing the boundaries of the place

(e.g., Home, school, work, and community) (Yu, et al.,

2017).

The influence of advances in information

technology on education is to open many learning

methods, the community is not required to be present

in the class. Information technology has made

information accessible from anywhere and by / to all

groups of people. Education has reached much of the

world and ICT has become an integral part of human

life. (Wikramanayake, 2004) In addition, the rapid

development of technology, especially the use of the

internet and computer technology, has brought

tremendous changes to the economy, society, and

culture. The basic activities used in business have

evolved from manual accounting to sophisticated

information technology. (Yusliza & T.Ramayah,

2012).

The influence of ICT also spread to various

companies in Indonesia, one of which was PT United

Tractor. PT United Tractors is a company engaged in

the largest distributor of heavy equipment in

Indonesia and has thousands of employees spread

across the Head Office and branches in all regions of

Indonesia. Within the organizational structure of PT

United Tractors is the Product Support and

Operations Department. Then under this Department,

there is the Part Division Unit which has the main

activities in the process of selling and buying. To

carry out these trading activities, employees are

required to use the SAP (System Application Product)

478

Sancoko, ., Viendyasari, M. and Rahmah, A.

Employees’ Perception of Usefulness and Ease of Use of SAP Information Systems: An Application of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).

DOI: 10.5220/0010700000002967

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Vocational Higher Education (ICVHE 2019) - Empowering Human Capital Towards Sustainable 4.0 Industry, pages 478-482

ISBN: 978-989-758-530-2; ISSN: 2184-9870

application. To access the SAP system United Tractor

employees must have a single identity and password.

An information system will run well if it receives

acceptance from employees. The author is interested

in knowing the perception of employee acceptance of

SAP information system applications using the Task

Acceptance Model (TAM) model.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Task Acceptance Model (TAM)

In the field of information system studies, there is a

need for researchers to know the actual level of use or

acceptance of IT systems in an organization. Some

methods used to measure acceptance of an

information system (Chen, et al., 2017), i.e:

a. Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)

(Kurniawan, et al., 2013) was developed by Icek

Ajzen and Martin Fishbein. TRA is a model provide

a conceptual framework predict individual

performance in behaviour. In the TRA concept

mentioned that there were two factors determine the

intention to behave, viz individual attitude to

behavior (attitude toward behavior) and subjective

norms (subjective norms)

b. Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of

Technology (UTAUT) (Hendrawati, 2013), In the

UTAUT research model, the intention to behave

(behavioral intention) and behavior to use technology

(use behavior) is influenced by people's perceptions

of performance expectations, business expectations (

efficiency expectancy), social influence, and

facilitating conditions which are moderated by gender

(gender), age (age), experience (voluntary), and

voluntariness.

c. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), is the

development of the Theory of Reasoned Action

(TRA). In this TPB a construct of perceived

behavioral control was added. This construct explains

that an individual has a great possibility to adopt a

behavior if the individual has a positive attitude

towards the behavior and gets approval from other

individuals who are close and related to the behavior

and believe that the behavior can be done with (Seni

& Ratnadi, 2017)

d. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a

model for measuring the acceptance of an information

system by a user or users. TAM was developed by

Davis (1989) who adapted the Theory of Reasoned

Action (TRA) model made by Ajzen.

Figure 1: Technology Acceptance Model (Davis et.al 1989)

Based on figure 1 there are four components of

TAM, namely: ease to use, perception of usefulness,

behavioral intention to use and actual system use and

(Pindeh, et al., 2016). In this paper, the author will

only focus on the perception of ease to use, usefulness

perceptions.

2.2 Perceived Usefulness (PU)

In addition, Perceived of Usefulness (PU) (Misron, et

al., 2011) can specifically be defined to what extent

an information system can improve individual

performance on the job. In general, individuals tend

to adapt to new technologies if they find it useful to

achieve certain goals and help them to do their jobs

better.

2.3 Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU)

Davis (1989) defines PEOU as the extent to which

users believe that using the system is free of effort.

PEOU, unlike PU, is more related to individual

intrinsic motivation. The concept of perceived ease of

use shows the level at which someone believes that

the use of an information system is easy and does not

require the effort of the user to be able to use it. This

concept includes the clarity of the purpose of using an

information and convenience system for users. In a

study related to information systems, the higher of

ease to use received by users information system, will

increase level of perceived usefulness by the users of

system. (Osama Isaac, 2016)

3 METHODOLOGY

The method used in this research is descriptive

method of analysis with quantitative approach.

Descriptive method of analysis is a method that aims

to describe or give an idea of a research object that is

examined through samples or data that have been.

Descriptive research is research conducted to find out

the existence of independent variables, either one or

more variables (independent) without making

Employees’ Perception of Usefulness and Ease of Use of SAP Information Systems: An Application of the Technology Acceptance Model

(TAM)

479

comparisons or connecting with other variables

(Sugiyono, 2009).

To collected data, the author uses a questionnaire

with the Likert Scale. Likert scale is used by

researchers due to its simplicity in applied in social

science. Likert scale has four or more question items

combined to form a score/value that represents the

nature of the individual, for example knowledge,

attitudes, and behavior. (Budiaji, 2013).

This questionnaire adopted from Davis research.

Respondent in this research is SAP users in the

Division of Spare Part Unit. The answer consists of

four choices, namely: Strongly Agree (SS), Agree

(S), Disagree (TS), and Strongly Disagree (STS).

Scoring for Strongly Agree (SS) answers are given a

value of 4, and so on decreases until the Strongly

Disagree (STS) answer is given a value of 1.

The data analysis technique used in this research

is descriptive statistical analysis with steps which is

done as follows:

1. Determine the maximum score (SM), namely: the

ideal score achieved in an answer.

∑SM= The highest score of Likert Scale x

number of respondents.

(1)

Example; total respondents are 10, then multiply by

the highest likert scale, obtained 40

2. Determine the total score obtained (SO), namely:

The total results of data collection from respondents'

choices.

∑SO = choice of likert scale by

respondents x number of respondents

(2)

Example: total respondents 10, 5 people choose likert

scale 3, 5 people choose likert scale 4

∑SO = (3 x 5) + (4x5)

= 15 + 20

= 35

3. Determine the competency gap percentages (P)

with this formula:

P= ∑SO

∑SM

(3)

The calculation results are classified into four

categories, as follow table:

Table 1: Criteria Level

Interval (%) Category

>= 81,25 %- 100 % Strongly Agree

>= 62,50 %- <81,25 %

ree

>= 43,75 %- <62,50 % Disa

ree

>= 25 %- <43,75 % Stron

Disa

ree

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Respondent

Table 2: Description of Respondents

Variables

(%)

Age

20-30 years

(88.9)

31-40 years

(7.4)

>41 years

(3.7)

Sex

Male

(85.2)

Female

(

14.8

)

Education

High School

(

3.7

)

Associate Degree

(

)

(

59.3

)

Bachelor’s degree

(

)

(

29.6

)

Postgraduate (S2)

(

7.4

)

Length of Work

6–12 months

(

18.6

)

> 12 months

(

40.7

)

< 6 months

(

40.7

)

As shown in Table 2, 88.9% of respondents were

in the age range of 20-30 years. Then as many as 7.4%

of the respondents were at the age range of 31-40

years and as many as 3.7% aged over 41 years. Then

as many twenty three (85.2%) respondents were male

and four (14.8%) respondents were female.

For education indicators as many as one (3.7%)

respondents had high school (SMA/K) education,

sixteen (59.3%) had D3 education, eight (29.6%), had

S1 education, and two (11.1%) had S2 education. As

shown in table 1, five (18.6%) respondents had been

working for 6–12 months, eleven (40.7%) for more

than 12 months, and eleven (40.7%) for less than 6

months.

ICVHE 2019 - The International Conference of Vocational Higher Education (ICVHE) “Empowering Human Capital Towards Sustainable

4.0 Industry”

480

4.2 Perceived Usefulness of SAP

Information Systems

Figure 2: Percentage Perceived of Usefulness

Based on figure 2, it can be seen the distribution

of respondents' answers to indicators of perception of

usefulness. The majority of respondents chose the

answer "strongly agree" with these indicators. But

there is one indicator that needs improve: information

systems can increase “job performance”, score

“disagree” of 14.8 percent.

Using data analysis techniques the total score

obtained (SO) of 572. While the maximum score

(SM) of 648, so the percentage gap score (P) for

totally six indicator of 88 percent. With the

percentage obtained, indicator perceived

“usefulness” categorized “Strongly Agree.”

4.3 Perceived Easy to Use of SAP

Information Systems

Figure 3; Percentage Perceived Easy to Use

Based on figure 3, it can be seen the distribution

of respondents' answers to indicators of perception of

easy of use. The majority of respondents choose the

answer "agree" with these indicators. There are 2

indicators that require improve that is “easy to use”

and “easy to learn” because there is a “strongly

disagree” score of 3.7 percent. Company need to

conduct intensive training to the use SAP information

system.

Using data analysis techniques the total score

obtained (SO) of 522. While the maximum score

(SM) of 648, so the percentage gap score (P) for

totally six indicator of 81 percent. With the

percentage obtained, indicator “easy to use”

categorized “Agree”.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on results the research of Technology

Acceptance Model (TAM) with 2 indicators, namely;

perceived ease to use and perceived usefulness,

majority of the respondents answered between

"Agree" to "Strongly Agree".

It can be concluded that the respondent accepts the

application of SAP management information systems

at United Tractor. This paper is preliminary research,

that’s descriptive research. This paper needs to

proceed to the statistical method (multiple

regression), especially the influence of PEOU and PU

on acceptance of IT.

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