Evaluation Models of Effectiveness and Efficiency of Pioneer Ship

Services: Case Study of West Papua Region

Tri Achmadi

1,a

, Pratiwi Wuryaningrum

and Ajeng Rizki Ayuningtyas

Department of Marine Transportation Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Pioneer Ship, Multivariate Analysis.

Abstract: The pioneer ship program is one of the programs provided by the Government of Indonesia to connect areas

that have not been commercially profitable by providing subsidies from national funds (APBN). Therefore,

the Government continues to evaluate pioneer ship services so that the subsidy is on target. This study aims

to give recommendation models for measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of pioneer ship services and

to evaluate pioneer ship services operated in route R-95 by using Multivariate Analysis and Data Envelopment

Analysis (DEA). There are five criteria to measure effectiveness, frequency and operational time of ship,

demand of passengers and goods, and load factor of ship. Measurement of efficiency is based on total costs

and fares of passengers and goods. It is obtained from the models that 7 routes are not effective and 1 route is

efficient. In order to increase effectiveness, vessel must carry at least 15% from capacity of ship. While to

increase efficiency, operator of ship must reduce operating costs at least 30%.

1 INTRODUCTION

The province of West Papua includes 598 small

islands that are around it. Being a province with a

large number of islands, there is an imbalance in

regional, economic and social development. Such

conditions make the welfare of the people in West

Papua unequal between the people who live in cities

and in the islands. One of the Government's efforts to

connect the islands in West Papua is by providing a

pioneer ship facility, where the routes served have

been determined by the Government. Based on the

Decree of the Directorate General of Sea

Transportation in 2018, 113 pioneer sea

transportation routes have been established, with a

total of 41 stopover ports. One of the pioneer ship

routes serving West Papua is R-95 with a shipping

distance of 1670 nm. Route R-95 has a base port in

Sorong City with 9 transit ports. Under these

conditions, making the R-95 route has a longer vessel

operating time, which is 14 days.

The length of time the ship sails affect the

operational costs of the ship. Cost is one of the most

important things in the operation of the ship.

Operating costs incurred are not proportional to the

income earned. To reduce the burden of costs

incurred, the Government provides assistance in the

form of subsidies to pioneer ship operators. However,

the Government does not yet know whether the

existing pioneer ship services are effective and

efficient. The effectiveness and efficiency of pioneer

ship services are important things that need to be

reviewed and considered. This is because the

operation of the pioneer ships is related to subsidies

provided by the Government to operators, where

these subsidies are obtained from the state budget

(APBN).

In this study, the authors determine the

measurement model for the effectiveness and

efficiency of pioneer ship services. The object of

research is pioneer ships operating in West Papua,

precisely on the R-95 route which has a base port in

Sorong City. The City of Sorong was chosen as the

focus of research because in meeting the daily needs

of people in the islands dependent on the City of

Sorong. In addition, the condition of the R-95 pioneer

ship route with the base port of Sorong City has 9

transit ports so the vessel's travel time is relatively

long. This makes the route needs to be re- evaluated,

both in terms of effectiveness and efficiency of

pioneer ship services. So that with this research, it is

expected to be able to solve the existing problems

through a model of measuring the effectiveness and

efficiency of the pioneering ship services produced.

Achmadi, T., Wuryaningrum, P. and Rizki Ayuningtyas, A.

Evaluation Models of Effectiveness and Efﬁciency of Pioneer Ship Services: Case Study of West Papua Region.

DOI: 10.5220/0010853500003261

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Marine Technology (senta 2019) - Transforming Maritime Technology for Fair and Sustainable Development in the Era of Industrial

Revolution 4.0, pages 43-52

ISBN: 978-989-758-557-9; ISSN: 2795-4579

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The analysis phase in this study uses 2 (two) methods

of adjusting to the model to be made, namely

Multivariate Analysis for the effectiveness model and

Data Envelopment Analysis for the efficiency model.

To determine the effectiveness measurement model,

it is necessary to identify the criteria used as a

measurement tool. There are five criteria for

measuring the effectiveness of pioneer ship services,

that is, (i) frequency of ships (each year), (ii) time of

operation of the ship (hours), (iii) number of

passengers (people/year), (iv) number of goods

(tons/year), and (v) ship load factor (%). Meanwhile,

to determine the efficiency model, the author

integrates input (total cost) and output (tariff) that

applies to passengers (Rp./ person.nm) and goods

(Rp./ ton.nm).

In addition, at this stage a sensitivity analysis

phase is carried out on the criteria that most influence

the effectiveness, level of effectiveness and efficiency

of pioneer vessel services on the R-95 route, and the

relationship between effectiveness and efficiency.

3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

3.1 Current Condition Analysis

West Papua is one of the provinces located in eastern

Indonesia. West Papua Province is located on the

island of Papua and is bordered by the State of Papua

New Guinea. West Papua Province is the result of

division from Irian Jaya Province and was legally

recognized by the state as West Papua Province in

2007. In the beginning, Papua Island only had one

province, namely Irian Jaya Province. After

experiencing regional division, Papua Island now has

two provinces, namely West Papua and Papua.

Regional expansion is carried out by the Government

aimed to facilitate the Government in developing and

advancing the area on the island of Papua.

West Papua Province is located west of the island

of Papua, where the province includes the bird's head

region of the island of Papua and the surrounding

islands. This province is bordered directly by the

Pacific Ocean in the north, bordering North Maluku

and Maluku Provinces in the west, Cenderawasih Bay

in the east, and Seram Sea in the south.

West Papua Province has 13 districts/cities,

namely: Manokwari Regency, South Manokwari

Regency, Maybrat Regency, Arfak Mountain

Regency, Raja Ampat Regency, Sorong Regency,

South Sorong Regency, Tambrauw Regency, Bintuni

Regency, Teluk Wondama Regency, Fakfak

Regency, Kaimana Regency, and Sorong City. The

central government of West Papua Province is located

in Manokwari Regency, where the regency is located

as the Capital of the Province. The West Papua region

also has small islands which are spread across

regencies / cities. The small islands that are owned by

this province are the main attraction for tourists. One

of the islands that has become a tourist attraction is

the Raja Ampat Islands in Raja Ampat Regency (See

Figure 1).

Figure 1: Map of West Papua.

Regional conditions and uneven population

distribution in the province of West Papua have

become separate obstacles for the Government in

terms of regional development and development. This

causes the underdevelopment of regional

infrastructure, especially in the field of transportation.

Considering the condition of the land that is less

supportive for the intensification of road construction,

the Government provides an alternative to the

community in the form of procurement of sea

transportation. One of the sea transportation facilities

provided by the Government is a pioneer ship.

Pioneer ships are ships that have the task of

connecting remote areas or still lagging behind.

Pioneer ships operate on routes established by the

Government, where the area included in the route is an

area that has not been served or not served

commercially by sea transportation. West Papua is one

of the areas served by pioneer ships. This can be seen

from 22 pioneer ships that visited West Papua. The

following are 22 pioneer ship routes that stop in West

Papua such as R-51, R-57, R-58, R-65, R-69, R-72, R-

75, R-77, R-78, R-79, R-84, R-87, R-88, R-89, R-90,

R-91, R-92, R-93, R-94, R-95, R-96, and R-113.

senta 2019 - The International Conference on Marine Technology (SENTA)

3.2 Research Location

This study choses the R-95 route as a case study,

where the R-95 route is served by KM Sabuk

Nusantara 42. The R-95 Route is one of the pioneer

routes serving West Papua, where the area served by

this route is Sorong - Sausapor - Saukorem -

Manokwari - Windesi - Wasior - Windesi -

Manokwari - Saukorem - Sausapor - Sorong – Yellu

- Bintuni - Babo - Coke - Babo - Bintuni - Yellu -

Sorong. The regions visited on the R-95 route have

been determined by the Government in the Decree of

the Sea Transportation General (see Figure 2).

Table 1: R-95 Route Distance Matrix (nm).

Sorong Sausapor Saukorem

Sorong 74 189

Sausa

or 74 115

Saukorem 189 115

Manokwari 260 186 71

Windesi 377 303 188

Wasior 403 329 214

Manokwari Windesi Wasior

Sorong 260 377 403

Sausa

or 186 303 329

Saukorem 71 188 214

Manokwari

117 143

Windesi 117 26

Wasior 143 26

Soron

Yellu Bintuni

Soron

93 313

Yellu 93 220

Bintuni 313 220

Babo 353 260 40

Kokas 432 339 119

Babo Kokas

Soron

353 432

Yellu 260 339

Bintuni 40 119

Babo 79

Kokas 79

Table 2: Specification of KM Sabuk Nusantara 42.

Dimensions Capacity

Loa 62.8 m Passange

400

erson

57.36 m Car

o50ton

B12m

H4m Machiner

T 2.7 m Main Engine 1,100 HP

GT 1206 2 unit

DWT 499 ton Auxiliary Engine 210 HP

Vs 12 knot 2 unit

erson

The R-95 route has a total distance of 1607 nm.

The distance that must be sailed by a pioneer ship has

been listed in the Decree of the Sea Transportation

General. To serve the entire area on the R-95 route,

KM Sabuk Nusantara 42 requires a 14-day voyage to

arrive at the point of origin. Table 1 shows distance

between regions on the R-95 route.

Route R-95 is served by KM Sabuk Nusantara 42.

KM Sabuk Nusantara 42 is a pioneering ship

designated by the Government to serve areas on the

R-95 route. KM Sabuk Nusantara 42 is operated by

PT. Indonesian National Shipping (PELNI). Table 2

shows the specifications of KM Sabuk Nusantara 42.

People who use KM Sabuk Nusantara 42 services

are required to pay the applicable tariff. Payment of

tariffs is made for the people who deliver goods and

the people who are passengers. The rates that apply to

KM Sabuk Nusantara 42 are shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Tariff of KM Nusantara 42.

3.3 Demand of Passengers and Goods

of R-95 Route

As explained earlier, KM Sabuk Nusantara 42 is a

pioneer ship carrying two types of cargo, namely

passengers and goods. In this study, data on the

number of passengers and goods using data in 2018

were obtained when the authors conducted a direct

field review. Figure 3 and Figure 4 shows the flow of

passengers and goods on the R-95 route.

Figure 2: R-95 Route.

O D Dist

Tariff

Pass. Goods

Rp/pax.nm Rp/ton.nm

Sorong Sausapo

74 9,400 8,100

Sausapo

Saukorem 115 13,400 11,400

Saukorem Manokwari 71 9,100 7,800

Mano

-wari Windesi 117 13,600 11,500

Windesi Wasio

26 4,700 4,000

Sorong Yellu 93 11,600 9,700

Yellu Bintuni 220 21,600 18,700

Bintuni Babo 40 6,200 5,200

Babo Kokas 79 9,800 8,500

O: Origin, D: Destination, Dist: Distance, Pass.: Passenge

Evaluation Models of Effectiveness and Efﬁciency of Pioneer Ship Services: Case Study of West Papua Region

Figure 3: Demand of Passengers -KM Sabuk Nusantara 42.

Figure 4: Demand of Goods - KM Sabuk Nusantara 42.

Based on the flow of passengers and goods, it can

be seen that the shipping of goods using the pioneer

ship KM Sabuk Nusantara 42 is fluctuating. Not

infrequently the ship experiences a cargo emptiness.

Such conditions did not cause the operation of the

pioneer ships to be stopped. Pioneer ships still have

to serve routes even though there is no demand for

shipping goods from the public.

4 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Measurement Criteria of

Effectiveness

In this study there are several criteria used to measure

effectiveness, namely: frequency and operational

time of ship, demand of passengers and goods, and

load factor of ship. These criteria will be arranged

into an index that can be used to measure the

effectiveness of pioneer ship services.

4.1.1 Frequency of Ship

Pioneer ships have annual target operating frequency

of the ship that has been determined by the

Government. The target frequency of operation of

pioneer vessels is stated in the Decree of the Director

General of Sea Transportation regarding the Pioneer

Sea Transportation Route Network. Pioneer ships that

operate must meet the targets set by the Government

in order to achieve the objective of conducting

pioneer ship transportation. Each pioneer ship that

operates has a different frequency target. The

difference in frequency of the ship is influenced by

the distance and time of the ship's voyage. Frequency

of KM Sabuk Nusantara 42 are 23-24 each year.

4.1.2 Operational Time of Ship (Hour)

The operating time of the ship affects the

effectiveness of the pioneer ship services. This is

because, inappropriate operation time of ships can

hamper community activities and productivity

considering that people in eastern Indonesia rely

heavily on ships as a means of transportation. Table 4

summarise operating time of KM Sabuk Nusantara

42, which serves the R-95 route.

Table 4: Operational Time of KM Sabuk Nusantara 42.

4.1.3 Load Factor of Ship (%)

Load factor of ship is the most important thing in

measuring the effectiveness of pioneer ship services.

The ship load factor is a value that shows the

usefulness of the load capacity available on the ship.

Through the load factor value, it can be seen what

percentage of vessel capacity is fulfilled. Pioneer

ships carry two types of cargo, namely passengers and

goods. Table 5 shows load factors of KM Sabuk

Nusantara 42.

O D

Dist Time (Hour) Fre

nm Sea Port RT

yea

Soron

Sausa

74 6.2 6 24

Sausapo

Saukorem 115 9.6 6 24

Saukorem Manokwari 71 5.9 6 24

Manokwari Windesi 117 9.8 6 24

Windesi Wasio

26 2.2 6 24

Wasio

Windesi 26 2.2 6 24

Windesi Manokwari 117 9.8 6 24

Manokwari Saukorem 71 5.9 6 24

Saukorem Sausa

115 9.6 6 24

Sausapo

Sorong 74 6.2 6 24

Soron

Yellu 93 7.8 6 24

Yellu Bintuni 220 18.3 6 24

Bintuni Babo 40 3.3 6 24

Babo Kokas 79 6.6 6 24

Kokas Babo 79 6.6 6 24

Babo Bintuni 40 3.3 6 24

Bintuni Yellu 220 18.3 6 24

Yellu Sorong 93 7.8 6 23

O: Origin, D: Destination, Dist: Distance

Fre

: Fre

uenc

, RT: Round Tri

senta 2019 - The International Conference on Marine Technology (SENTA)

Table 5: Load Factor of KM Sabuk Nusantara 42.

Origin Destination Load Facto

Sorong Sausapo

12%

Sausa

Saukore

Manokwari 0%

Manokwari Windesi 5%

Windesi Wasio

Wasio

Windesi 7%

Windesi Manokwari 3%

Manokwari Saukore

Saukore

Sausapo

Sausa

Soron

Yellu 0%

Yellu Bintuni 0%

Bintuni Babo 2%

Babo Kokas 3%

Kokas Babo 4%

Babo Bintuni 1%

Bintuni Yellu 1%

Yellu Sorong 0%

4.2 Sea Transportation Costs

Sea transportation costs consist of capital costs,

operating costs, voyage costs, loading and unloading

costs. This also applies to the operation of pioneer

ships, but the loading and unloading costs are not

charged because the loading and unloading vessels

use crane-owned equipment owned by the ship. In

this study, the components that exist in the cost of sea

transportation refer to the Ministerial Regulation No.

15 of 2017 which regulates the components of income

and costs that are calculated in the implementation of

pioneering sea transportation activities through the

assignment mechanism. Table 6 recapitulates

transportation costs of KM Sabuk Nusantara 42.

Table 6: Costs of KM Sabuk Nusantara 42.

Type Amount (Rp/year)

Capital 4,932,991,495

Operational 2,538,938,749

e 7,115,317,476

Total 14,587,247,720

Based on the calculation of sea transportation

costs, unit costs for each route can be obtained as

shown in Table 7.

Table 7: Unit Costs of R-95.

Origin

Destination

Unit Cost

Passenge

Cargo

(Rp

pax.nm) (Rp

ton.nm)

Sorong Sausapo

47,177 42,459

Sausa

Saukore

73,316 65,984

Saukore

Manokwari 45,264 40,738

Manokwari Windesi 74,591 67,132

Windesi Wasio

16,576 14,918

Wasio

Windesi 16,576 14,918

Windesi Manokwari 74,591 67,132

Manokwari Saukore

45,264 40,738

Saukore

Sausapo

73,316 65,984

Sausa

Soron

47,177 42,459

Sorong Yellu 59,290 53,361

Yellu Bintuni 140,256 126,230

Bintuni Babo 25,501 22,951

Babo Kokas 50,365 45,328

Kokas Babo 50,365 45,328

Babo Bintuni 25,501 22,951

Bintuni Yellu 140,256 126,230

Yellu Soron

59,290 53,361

4.3 Effectiveness of Pioneer Ship

Effectiveness shows success in terms of whether or

not the goals / objectives have been set. This also

applies to pioneer ships, where a pioneer ship is said

to be effective if it can reach its destination. In this

study, the effectiveness model was prepared using

Multivariate Analysis-Factor Analysis method, with

data processing tools using SPSS 22 software. The

subsequent subsections are the process of

determining the effectiveness model.

4.3.1 Kolmogorov Smirnov Test

Kolmogorov Smirnov Test is a stage that aims to test

the normality of data by comparing the distribution of

data that will be tested for normality with the standard

normal distribution. Table 8 shows the results of

Kolmogorov Smirnov's test on five effectiveness

measurement criteria.

Table 8: Result of Kolmogorov Smirnov test.

Criteria KS-0 KS-1 Result

0.24 0.32 Normal

0.17 0.32 Normal

0.16 0.32 Normal

0.29 0.32 Normal

0.10 0.32 Normal

Based on the KS test results, it appears that the

data used in this study are included in normally

distributed data.

Evaluation Models of Effectiveness and Efﬁciency of Pioneer Ship Services: Case Study of West Papua Region

Table 9: Result of Matric Correlation.

Ship_Frequenc

Time_ship Total_Passenge

Total_Cargo Load Factor_Ship

Ship_Frequenc

1,000 -0,039 0,587 0,264 0,369

Time

shi

-0,039 1,000 0,397 -0,312 -0,388

Total_Passenge

0,587 -0,397 1,000 0,683 0,844

Total

Car

o 0,264 -0,312 0,683 1,000 0,916

Load Factor_Ship 0,369 -0,388 0,844 0,916 1,000

Determinant = 0,018

4.3.2 Matrix Correlation Test

This matrix correlation test aims to determine the

relationship between variables. Correlation values

between variables can be seen from the determinant

value of the matrix. Variables are said to be unrelated

Table 10: Result of KMO – Bartlett’s test.

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling

Adequacy.

.626

Bartlett's Test of

Sphericity

Approx. Chi-Square

58.190

Sig.

.000

when the determinant value approaches the value 0.

Based on calculations, a determinant value of 0.018 is

obtained. The determinant value obtained is less than

1, so this indicates that multicollinearity is not

significant.

The results of the measurement of the

effectiveness and efficiency of pioneer ship services

on the R-95 route show that there are 7 route segments

that are classified as ineffective and there are 2 route

routes that are classified as efficient (see Table 9).

4.3.3 Variable Feasibility Test

Variable feasibility test is performed to find out

which variables are feasible to be used in factor

analysis. Before conducting the variable feasibility

test, a Kaiser Meyer Olkin and Bartlett test was

carried out. The Meyer Olkin and Bartlett Keizer Test

aims to find out whether the factor analysis method in

this study can be continued or not. The requirements

for a study can use the factor analysis method if the

KMO value> 0.5 and the Sig. on Bartlett’s Test <0.05

(See Table 10).

The next step in factor analysis is the variable

feasibility test. The feasibility of a variable can be

seen in the value of Measure of Sampling Adequacy

(MSA). Table 11 displays the results of the MSA test.

Table 11: Result of MSA’s test.

Anti-Image Matrices

Ship_Frequenc

Time

ship Total_Passenge

Total_Cargo Load Facto

Ship

Ship_Frequenc

0.587

-0.240 -0.551 -0.026 0.163

Time

ship -0.240 0.785

0.216 -0.055 0.065

Total_Passenge

-0.551 0.216 0.640

0.352 -0.686

Total_Cargo -0.026 -0.055 0.352 0.630

-0.858

Load Factor_Ship 0.163 0.065 -0.686 -0.858 0.598

a = Measures of Sampling Adequancy (MSA)

The MSA values in the above table are shown in

numbers with the sign "a". Based on the resulting

MSA value, the five variables that act as criteria for

measuring the effectiveness of pioneer ship services

have an MSA value > 0.5. Therefore, the five

variables are feasible to be used in measuring the

effectiveness of pioneer ship services.

Table 12 summarises communalities and total

variance explained, which explain the percentage of

the ability of each variable to explain an object.

Table 12: Communalities and Total Variance Explained.

Communalities Initial Eigenvalues

Initial Extraction* Total % Of Variance Cumulative %

Ship_Frequenc

1.000 0.304 3.073 61.461 61.461

Time_ship 1.000 0.247 0.986 19.713 81.173

Total_Passenge

1.000 0.857 0.701 14.015 95.188

Total_Cargo 1.000 0.758 0.197 3.949 99.137

Load Factor_Ship 1.000 0.907 0.043 0.863 100.000

*Extraction method: Principal Component Analysis

senta 2019 - The International Conference on Marine Technology (SENTA)

Table 13: Table of Component Matrix.

Component Matrix

Component

Shi

Fre

uenc

.552

Time_ship -.497

Total

Passen

.926

Total_Cargo .870

Load Factor

Shi

.952

Extraction Method: Princi

al Com

onent

Anal

sis.

a. 1 components extracted.

The component column produces a loading factor

matrix whose value will be the coefficient of the

variable in explaining the object, where the object

described by the formed variable is the effectiveness

of the pioneer ship service. Degree of effectiveness of

pioneer ship is shown by the following equation.

𝑦

0,552𝑥

 0,497𝑥

 0,926𝑥

 0,87𝑥

 0,952𝑥

(1)

Where:

y : effectiveness of pioneer ship

: frequency of ship (each year)

: operational time of ship (hour)

: demand of passengers (person/year)

: demand of goods (tons/year)

: load factor of ship (%)

4.3.4 Effectiveness Scale

The effectiveness scale contains a range of values for

the level of effectiveness of a route (see Table 14).

Table 14: Effectiveness scale.

Nilai Effective Level

< 1.9 Ver

Effective

1 - 2.9

Effective

2 - 3.9 Effective Enou

3 - 4.9 Effective

> 5 Ver

Effective

4.4 Efficiency of Pioneer Ship Service

Table 15: Input and output.

Inpu

Variable Outpu

Variable

Passen

Cos

Passen

Tariff

Car

o Cos

Car

o Tariff

Efficiency of pioneer ship service measurement

model was prepared using the Data Envelopment

Analysis (DEA) method and processed using a solver

in a spreadsheet application. The following section

describes how to determine pioneer ship service

efficiency model.

4.4.1 Input and Output

In this study, there are input and output variables to

measure efficiency. The following variables are used

in the preparation of efficiency models (see Table 15).

4.4.2 Efficiency Measurement

The efficiency measurement that will be carried out

is oriented towards the input, without changing the

output produced. After determining the input and

output variables of the model, the next step is to

determine the UPK (Decision Making Unit). In this

study there were 18 UPKs, where the determination

of the UPK was based on the route of the route to be

measured for efficiency. Table 16 shows UPK for

each segment in R-95 route.

Table 16: Decision Making Unit of R-95 route.

Origin Destination UP

Sorong Sausapo

Sausa

Saukore

Manokwari 3

Manokwari Windesi 4

Windesi Wasio

Wasio

Windesi 6

Windesi Manokwari 7

Manokwari Saukore

Saukore

Sausapo

Sausa

Soron

Sorong Yellu 11

Yellu Bintuni 12

Bintuni Babo 13

Babo Kokas 14

Kokas Babo 15

Babo Bintuni 16

Bintuni Yellu 17

Yellu Sorong 18

Next is to construct efficiency measurement

model which is then used to calculate level of

efficiency using MS Solver. The following equations

are the model for measuring the efficiency of pioneer

ship services.

𝑥



𝜆



𝑥



𝜃



,

𝑖1,2

𝑘1





𝑦



𝜆



𝑦



𝜃



,

𝑖1,2

𝑘1







(2)

∀𝜆



0

(3)

Evaluation Models of Effectiveness and Efﬁciency of Pioneer Ship Services: Case Study of West Papua Region

Where :

𝜃



: efficiency of DMU

𝜆



: coefficient of input and output

𝑥



: input (cost)

𝑦



: output (tariff)

i : varian of input (cost); i: 1, 2

j : varian of output (tariff); j: 1, 2

k : varian of DMU (route); k: 1, 2, ..., 18

4.5 Sensitivity Analysis Effectiveness

Criteria

This analysis aims to find out which criteria have the

most significant influence on changes in the value of

effectiveness. Criteria that have a significant effect on

changes in the value of effectiveness will be seen on

the graph of the results of the analysis. Figure 5 shows

results of the sensitivity analysis of the criteria for

effectiveness.

Figure 5: Sensitivity Analysis Effectiveness Criteria.

Criteria for the number of passenger requests has

a very significant effect on the value of effectiveness

than the other four criteria. The second criterion that

influences the effectiveness of pioneer ship services

is the ship load factor. This ship load factor criteria is

currently only used by the Government in evaluating

pioneer ship services.

4.6 Effectiveness and Efficiency of R-95

In this research, the model (Equation 2 and 3) is used

to obtained level of effectiveness and efficiency of R-

95. The results are shown in Table 17.

The measurement shows that 7 (seven) route

segments are classified ineffective, while only 2 (two)

route routes are categorised efficient. In total, the

Table 17: Effectiveness dan Efficiency of R-95.

Origin Destination Effective Efficient Result

Sorong Sausapo

v x x

Sausa

Saukore

v x x

Saukore

Manokwari x x x

Mano

wari Windesi v x x

Windesi Wasio

v v v

Wasio

Windesi v v v

Windesi Manokwari v x x

Mano

wari Saukore

v x x

Saukore

Sausapo

x x x

Sausa

Soron

v x x

Soron

Yellu x x x

Yellu Bintuni x x x

Bintuni Babo v x x

Babo Kokas v x x

Kokas Babo v x x

Babo Bintuni x x x

Bintuni Yellu x x x

Yellu Sorong x x x

combination of effectiveness and efficiency gives that

only 2 (two) segments have adequate performance.

4.7 Correlation of Effectiveness and

Efficiency

Sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the

relationship between effectiveness and efficiency of

pioneer ship services. The analysis is done by

comparing the total costs incurred in the operation of

the ship, with the value of effectiveness. Through this

analysis, it will be known what percentage of cost

reduction can be done by ship operators while still

taking into account the level of effectiveness of the

ship. Table 9 shows results of the analysis of the

relationship of effectiveness and efficiency in pioneer

ship services.

The current total cost incurred for the operation of

the pioneer vessel KM Sabuk Nusantara 42 is 13

billion rupiah, of which 13 billion rupiah is assumed

at 100%. Based on the graph above, operators and the

Government can minimize ship costs by up to 20%.

Figure 6: Correlation of Effectiveness and Efficiency.

senta 2019 - The International Conference on Marine Technology (SENTA)

If the cost reduction is done beyond this limit, it can

reduce the effectiveness of the ship.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on research that has been done, the following

conclusions are obtained:

1. The West Papua region has 22 routes served by

pioneer vessels with passenger and cargo types,

namely: R-51, R-57, R-58, R-75, R-65, R-69, R-

72, R-77 , R-78, R-79, R-84, R-87, R-88, R-89, R-

90, R-91, R-92, R-93, R-94, R-95, R -96, R- 113,

where the routes are under the auspices of the

Ministry of Transportation and are operated by

BUMN and private companies that have won the

route auction.

2. Based on the analysis done, the following results

were obtained:

- Measuring the effectiveness of pioneer ship

services can be done using formulations:

y = 0.552x

-0,497x

+ 0.926x

+ 0.87x

0.952x

where:

y : effectiveness of pioneer ship

: frequency of ship (each year)

: operational time of ship (hour)

: demand of passengers (person/year)

: demand of goods (tons/year)

: load factor of ship (%)

Through this formulation, the effectiveness level

can be known through the effectiveness scale as

follows:

• < 1.9 : Very Ineffective

• 2 – 2.9 : Not Effective

• 3 – 3.9 : Effective Enough

• 4 – 4.9 : Effective

• > 5 : Very Effective

- Measurement of the efficiency of pioneer ship

services can be done using formulations:

𝜃



𝑥



𝜆



where:

𝜃



: efficiency of DMU

𝜆



: coefficient of input and output

𝑥



: input (cost)

i : varian of input (cost) ; i : 1, 2

k : varian of DMU (route) ; k : 1, 2, ..., 18

Through this formulation, it can be seen the

classification of efficiency values through the

following scale:

• 𝜃 = 1, efficient

• 𝜃 < 1, inefficient

3. Based on the results of measurements of the

effectiveness and efficiency of the pioneer ship

service on the R-95 route, it can be seen:

• Effectiveness

There are 11 routes classified as effective and 7

other route segments classified as ineffective.

The seven ineffective route segments, i.e.:

- Saukorem – Manokwari

- Saukorem – Sausapor

- Sorong – Yellu

- Yellu – Bintuni

- Babo – Bintuni

- Bintuni – Yellu

- Yellu – Sorong

• Efficiency

There are 2 (two) classified efficient route

segments, namely the Wasior - Windesi route

(and vice versa). While 16 other route segments

have efficiency values below 1, so 16 route

segments are classified as inefficient.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author would like to thank PT. PELNI Sorong

Branch, KSOP Class I Sorong, and the Sorong

community who have assisted in the data collection

process for this research. Acknowledgments are also

addressed to the entire academic community of the

Department of Marine Transportation Engineering

and all those who helped in the work of this research.

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senta 2019 - The International Conference on Marine Technology (SENTA)