Ara Village: A Maritime Symbol of Sustainable Tourism

Development in South Sulawesi

Zulfaidah Ariany

1,a

, Saut Gurning

and Himawan Winarno

Department of Industrial Technology, Vocational School, University of Diponegoro

Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Architecture & Design Faculty, Unika Soegijapranata Semarang

Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Maritime, Pinisi, Tourism, Traditional Cruise.

Abstract: The utilization of Indonesian’s maritime area in economic function, cultural heritage and education by the

sustainable development is compulsory. Approximately, 75% of Indonesian territory is sea, which has become

an important part of local and international development. By the various historical evidence, influence, or the

similarity of maritime culture with other countries; it shows that Indonesia is the lively maritime nation in

maritime territorial as the centre of international cruise at that time. The development direction sector that is

land-oriented uses the life factor as the root of society maritime culture; one of the evidence is the fading of

traditional cruise activity slowly. It makes negative impact to economic, raw material and technology factor.

Encourage Mandala Ria beach and Apparalang cliffs, to become world-class tourist destinations with

sustainable tourism development Hopefully, this paper becomes an inspiration for supporting government in

rearrange the maritime territorial of Indonesia as a centre of international cruise, also in strengthen efforts to

preserve the nations marine culture especially in South Sulawesi.

1 INTRODUCTION

Ara, one of the village in the Bontobahari sub district

Bulukumba regency, which is located in the south

area of South Sulawesi with a height of 0-25 above

sea level. It has an interesting character to become a

new best maritime tourist area (Dinas Kebudayaan

dan Kepariwisataan, 2018). It is about 240 km away

or 4 hoursby using private transportation. It also

located cross to Tanjung Bira beach. The beautiful

scenery of the white sand in Tanjung Bira beach is

already known and becomes one of the South

Sulawesi tourist icons. It also becomes the setting of

“Satu Cinta di Bira” Film in 2016

(lifestyles.sindonews.com,2016). This evidence

makes the tourism in Ara village develop quickly.

Mandala Ria beach and Apparalang cliffs in Ara

village that are spatially connected and located in the

north area of Tanjung Bira beach is the main focus of

the development maritime tourism for this paper.

Lifting activity is one of important part in the

engineering sequence.

The white sand of Mandala Ria beach and Pinisi

boat craftsmen who work around Mandala Ria Beach

is our own attractions (Ardiwidjaja, 2016). Pinisi boat

Figure 1: Map of South Sulawesi.

is wooden boat that have played a role in Indonesian

colonial period (Saenong, 2013). UNESCO

acknowledge that the art of boat building.

Pinisi as the Great Work of Oral and Intangible

Human Heritage in the 12th session of the Committee

on Unique Cultural Heritage on December 7, 2017

(Tempo, 2017). Historically, Pinisi sailing boat is the

largest traditional Bugis sailing boat and is also the

largest Indonesian traditional sailing boat since the

Ariany, Z., Gurning, S. and Winarno, H.

Ara Village: A Maritime Symbol of Sustainable Tourism Development in South Sulawesi.

DOI: 10.5220/0010853900003261

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Marine Technology (senta 2019) - Transforming Maritime Technology for Fair and Sustainable Development in the Era of Industrial

Revolution 4.0, pages 5-9

ISBN: 978-989-758-557-9; ISSN: 2795-4579

disappearance of the giant Jong (Nazarudin, 2015).

Introducing the Pinisi boat to tourists is the efforts to

preserve the history and culture of South Sulawesi

and Bugis in particular (Sastrayuda, 2010). Sloping

white sand beaches, game sports such as banana

boats, paragliding can be developed at Mandala Ria

Beach.

Apparalang limes tone cliffs which is bordered by

the sea, suitable to be processed into extreme water

sports for deep waters and underwater panoramic

tours for sloping area. The area of Apparalang cliffs

can also become a fishing spot, the best spot for

seeing the sunrise in Tanjung Bira beach and photos

spot. The existence of Apparalang cliffs is pretty good

and it also ever becomes National television show,

specifically in My Trip My Adventure, Trans TV,

February 29, 2016 (Trans TV, 2016).

The development of the area is equipped with

lodging facilities, restaurants, souvenir shops,

meeting rooms can be an attraction for individual

tourists and in groups who will hold a gathering or

outbound. Mandala Ria beach and Aparallang cliffs

need to be used as a tourism development package

and be connected to Tanjung Bira Beach. Eco tourism

can be applied in this area (Satria, 2009).

The development of the area of tourism by

providing lodging, restaurants, amusement parks,

Pinisi museums, souvenir shops and supporting

facilities which is arranged with clear and good

regulations; in the end, it will make the existence of

natural attractions and their supporting areas can

support each other. Economically, the tourism

development plan of Mandala Ria beach and

Apparallang cliffs will increase the society income

and regional income through retribution.

Ecologically, it will protect tourist attractions from

development that threatens existing ecosystems or

landscapes.

Introducing and maintaining Pinisi boat culture to

tourists and young people in, particular. Ritual

ceremonies must be in the process of making a Pinisi

boat, starting from the process of finding wood,

felling trees until laying down the trees (Wikipedia,

n.d.). Pinisi boat culture which is different from

wooden ships in general needs to be included in the

tour packages.

2 METHOD

This paper uses an adoptive and comparative method

and analysis of previous papers which is related to the

theme of maritime tourism and sustainable tourism in

the Ara village, Bontobahari village, Bulukumba

district, South Sulawesi province. The proposal of the

Mandala Ria beach and Apparalang cliffs

development in Ara village as a magnet of tourism in

Bulukumba district, accompanying Tanjung Bira

beach needs to be done by utilizing a specific asset.

(Diakomihalis, 2007). The main proposal for the

development of tourist areas is to develop attractive

local attractions and good organizational

management. A good organization has meaning as the

development of the region with a sustainable tourism

approach.

The development of sustainable tourism areas

according to UNWTO can be defined simply as

tourism that takes full account of current and future

economic, social and environmental impacts, meeting

the needs of visitors, industry, the environment and

the local society (Syahid, 2016) (Łapko & Panasiuk,

2019). It must be remembered, that the development

of tourism areas will cause a connection of tourist

attractions with local economic activities phenomena,

society regeneration and improvement of quality of

life; but along with that, it will also often happen a

conflict with the environment, industry and local

health level (Osman & Farahat, 2018).

The sustainable principles refer to the environmental,

economic and socio-cultural aspects of the Mandala

Ria beach and Apparalang cliffs and South Sulawesi

in general (Diakomihalis, 2007).

In Denny’s paper stated the principles of the blue

economy, namely are Nature’s efficiency; Zero

waste: leave nothing to waste–waste for one is a food

for another-waste from one process is resource of

energy for the other, social inclusiveness: self-

sufficiency for all–social equity-more job, more

opportunities for the poor; Cyclic systems of

production: endless generation to regeneration,

balancing production and consumption; Innovation

and adaptation: the principles of the law of physics

and continuous natural adaptation (Iswanto, 2013).

2.1 Long Term Sustainability

The element of tourism development in water,

greening and cultural correlations elements are

values; that must be used wisely. (UNWTO) To

ensure long-term sustainability, it is necessary in

balancing between the 3 dimensions of the following

aspects:

2.1.1 Environmental Aspect

Utilizing the environmental resources in optimal is

the key element of the tourism development, maintain

the ecological process and contribute to preserving its

natural heritage and biodiversity.

senta 2019 - The International Conference on Marine Technology (SENTA)

2.1.2 Economical Aspect

Economic activity is the aim of developing an area or

activity. Various types of activities will have

economic value that affects the income of

stakeholders. The society gets the benefits from trade

and services, also the government gets the benefits

from tourism levies.

The businesses that are common in tourist

attractions, maritime tourism consists of

(Diakomihalis, 2007):

• Lodging business

The availability of lodging will affect to the tourist

stay. The length of time the tourist stays will

increase the income by stakeholders and the

tourist attractions.

• Catering Business

The diversity of culinary preparations from food

courts, restaurants and inns will increase the

attractiveness of tourists to enjoy tourist

attractions.

• Transportation Business

The easy access of public transportation to reach

the tourist attractions and vice versa will impact

the amount of the visitors or tourists. Public

transportation which scheduled and easy to access

will impact the amount of the tourists.

• Maritime Services Business

Maritime tourism industry with utilizing the sport

package on water and in water by upgrading the

various types will attract the tourists to visit again.

• Complementary Services Business

Complementary services business is an

inseparable part of a tourist area such as souvenir

shops, street vendors, bicycle rental, rental of

swimming or diving equipment.

2.1.3 Socio-cultural Aspects

Respect the social and cultural authenticity of the

local society, preserve the values of cultural heritage

and customs they have built and contribute, also;

increase the tolerance and understanding between

cultures.

3 DISCUSSION

To ensure long-term sustainability of maritime

tourism development in Mandala Ria beach and

Apparalang cliffs in Ara village, the aspects that must

be considered:

3.1 Environmental Aspect

Mandala Ria beach with the white sand and sloping

attractions, Apparalang cliffs with cliffs landscape

and the beauty of underwater must be maintained.

Cleanliness and good management of waste and the

provision of periodic breaks to tourism objects is an

effort to protect the ecological process from

exploitation.

Figure 2: Mandala Ria Beach.

Periodically, the day after a weekend or holiday

season, this location can be closed to public, with the

aim of environmental and ecological care processes.

All stakeholders responsible for the area carry out

maintenance and rearrangement of the area as well as

an inventory of the area's assets. Therefore, the

quality of tourist attractions is always maintained

condition.

Figure 3: Appalarang Cliff.

3.2 Economical Aspect

Ensuring proper long-term economic activities,

providing economic benefits to all stakeholders fairly,

such as regular employment, opportunity to earn

income (open a business) and social services to local

communities, and help reduce poverty.

The businesses that are common in tourist

attractions, maritime tourism, in particular

(Diakomihalis, 2007):

Ara Village: A Maritime Symbol of Sustainable Tourism Development in South Sulawesi

3.2.1 The Lodging Business

Development of tourist areas which are equipped with

accommodation facilities must be strictly regulated

regarding lodging boundaries. To prevent

domination, the height of the building and its

ownership need to be regulated. So, there is an even

distribution between professional lodgings such as,

hotels and simpler lodgings, such as inns or

homestays.

Lodging must also be given rules must obey

religious norms. So, the negative stigma of lodging in

tourist areas and the amount of prostitution can be

removed.

3.2.2 Catering Business

A good catering business is restaurant or food court

which need to be planned with the good standard and

system, pay attention also in healthy and sanitation

and zoning aspects. So, the distribution of service to

tourists will be equal. It hopes that the culinary

entrepreneurs will do well in their business. Besides

that, competition will take place healthily.

Cafe that usually exist in tourist areas must be

given strict rules; so, the circulation and abuse of

alcohol does not occur. The security and comfort of

the area for all tourists can be improved.

3.2.3 Transportation Business

Tourists’ transportation to reach the tourism

destination must have a good management. Besides,

the tourists who uses a private car, providing vehicles

to a scheduled and easily accessible area can increase

the number of tourist visits.

Modes of transport within the area (feeders from

the coast to the cruise Pinisi) involving the society

must be regulated properly. So, the comfort and

safety of tourists and society income will go together.

3.2.4 Maritime Service Business

Renting business for banana boat, boat for seeing the

sea creatures, paragliding, diving equipment must be

arranging well. It also can use the comparison quality

and costof another maritime tourists’ attraction. So,

the price paid by tourists is reasonable. It is also

hoped that all of these service industries can all

develop.

Pinisi as an icon of Bulukumba can be used as a

traditional cruise (Diakomihalis, 2007). Traditional

cruise that can function as a recreational boat to see

the underwater life that departs and returns to the

same place, Mandala Ria Beach.

3.2.5 Complementary Service Business

This business is like renting a mat, hawkers must also

be given space to try. However, this effort must also

be ensured to the maximum extent possible for local

people and at the same time also provide them to be

involved in maintaining the security and cleanliness

of the area.

Mandala Ria beach and Apparalang cliffs are

separated into some zone. Each zone consists of

lodging facilities, restaurants / food courts, souvenir

shops and other public facilities. So, each zone will

compete and keep their own quality.

However, there must be regulations from

stakeholders to ensure each zone competes fairly and

responsibly. Stakeholders must also ensure that local

people increase their economic level from business

opportunities in the Mandala Ria beach tourism and

Apparalang cliffs.

Figure 4: Apparalang cliffs.

3.2.6 Souvenir Business

The thematic souvenirs of Mandala Ria Beach and

Apparalang cliffs are also certain to use products

from the local community. Souvenir shirts, pants,

hats, key chains and others as much as possible come

from local communities; but off course it is necessary

to benchmark with maritime tourist attractions in

other places or tours. The role of stakeholders,

especially the government, is quite dominant, so that

the craftsmen have a vision and standard of creating

good souvenirs. In addition to the creative process of

the community itself.

Development of a museum tour package as well

as an amusement park, which displays the main

attractions of South Sulawesi or Bulukumba culture

in the form of the history of the Pinisi boat from the

manufacturing process to launching at sea.

senta 2019 - The International Conference on Marine Technology (SENTA)

3.3 Socio-cultural Aspects

Development of a museum tour package as well as an

amusement park, which displays the main attractions

of South Sulawesi or Bulukumba culture in the form

of the history of the Pinisi boat from the

manufacturing process to launching at sea. In

additional value, promoting Mandala Ria Beach and

Apparalang cliffs as a tour package also as an effort

to preserve the culture of Pinisi boat building.

4 CONCLUSION

Achievement of maritime tourism Mandala Ria

Beach and Apparalang cliffs is a continuous process

and requires constant monitoring, innovations

regarding preventive measures and improvements

which is needed to the impact of tourism activities

must also continue. The level of tourist satisfaction

and ensuring maritime tourism Mandala Ria Beach

and Apparalang cliffs provide a meaningful

experience for tourists, inviting tourists to participate

in promoting good maritime tourism management

practices around them.

There is a need for sustainable tourism

campaigns; in this case is, Mandala Ria Beach and

Apparalang cliffs, with the 3P stance (People, Planet

and Prosperity) as reference for tourism development.

People, this aspect refers to the wishes of tourists by

inviting them to participate in various local activities.

Planet, this aspect is the obligation of tourists to

participate in maintaining tourist attractions, and

Prosperity, the aspect of development must also pay

attention to the economic values of tourist attractions

and their impact on local residents.

Encourage Mandala Ria beach and Apparalang

cliffs, to become world-class tourist destinations with

sustainable tourism development

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This paper is presented in the context of learning

assignments at the Doctoral Program BPPDN-

Kemerinstek Dikti scholarship in 2019. Thank you

for all lecturers who support the Maritime Economics

course in the Postgraduate Program. And all of my

colleagues.

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Ara Village: A Maritime Symbol of Sustainable Tourism Development in South Sulawesi