Architecture and Implementation of an Internet Platform

for Activating Elderly People: Case Study

Wieslawa Gryncewicz

, Robert Kutera

, Maja Leszczynska

and Artur Rot

Department of Information Systems, Wroclaw University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, Wroclaw, Poland

Keywords: Activation of Elderly People, e-Services, Platform Architecture, ICT Platform, Implementation, ActGo-Gate.

Abstract: The issues related to elderly people are currently being studied by many disciplines, including biology,

medicine, psychology and sociology. The problems that aging creates in societies are covered in different

ways by scientists specializing in different fields. Social scientists focus on, inter alia, the social scope of

activities carried out by elderly people. The said issues also fall in the areas of interest of professionals who

create information systems and technologies dedicated to elderly people. Thus, what has been developed in

order to meet their interests and to respond to a dynamic process of aging within societies is a concept of an

ICT platform designed to increase the activity of elderly people. The platform is dedicated to members of

local communities and it can be used to foster entrepreneurship, personal fulfillment and activation in the area

of social life. The paper presents both the goals and the concept of such a platform as well as its information

structure and model of implementation.

1 INTRODUCTION

For some time already we have been observing and

also participating in changes of a socio-economic

nature, which are taking place all over the world.

What constitutes a catalyst for these changes are

modern information and communication technologies

(ICT). They contribute to significant transformations

in almost all the areas of economic and social life. All

of these phenomena together are known under the

name of information society. In order to be an active

and aware member of the said society one needs to

possess proper competencies in the field of use of

ICT. Yet, the lack of such competencies leads to

digital exclusion (Tomczynska, 2017).

At the same time it is worthwhile to notice that

demographic analyses of the population in Poland

indicate that our society is aging very rapidly. What

could be listed among the most important

demographic changes occurring in the Polish society

are the following phenomena (Statistics Poland,

2014):

https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-1208-4099

https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-5454-6306

https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-3222-2110

https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-7281-8253

 the reduction of number of Polish citizens

(approximately by 4.5 million by 2050),

 by 2050 retired people will constitute almost

40% of the society (now: 21.5%),

 the average life expectancy is still growing, in

2050 it might reach the level of 82.1 years for

men and 87.5 years for women,

 the median age of the population in 2013 was

39.1 but in 2050 it will be as high as 52.5,

 the demographic burden rate, which indicates

the number of children (between 0 and 14 years

of age) and of elderly people (at the age of 65

or more) per 100 people between 15 and 64

years of age, amounted to 58 people in 2013,

and in 2050 it will be almost twice as high and,

according to forecasts, it will amount to 105

people,

 the rate of prospective taking care of parents,

which indicates the number of people at the age

of 85 or more per 100 people between 50 and

64 years of age was 8 people in 2013, and it is

estimated that in 2050 it will be 38 people.

Gryncewicz, W., Kutera, R., Leszczynska, M. and Rot, A.

Architecture and Implementation of an Internet Platform for Activating Elderly People: Case Study.

DOI: 10.5220/0007742602470254

In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health (ICT4AWE 2019), pages 247-254

ISBN: 978-989-758-368-1

247

As a consequence of aging of the population,

senior citizens are becoming one of the most

numerous groups which are at the risk of digital

exclusion. Therefore, in the process of building an

information society, it is vital to undertake measures

aimed at eliminating the said risk as well as

stimulating and encouraging senior citizens to use

ICT tools.

The purpose of this article is to present the

influence of information technology on the

transformation of the service model designed for

people over the age of 50 and on their broadly

understood professional and social activation. The

article will also demonstrate the potential of ICT

technologies on the market of services dedicated to

elderly people. One of its goals is to present the

concept of ActGo-Gate platform as a tool which

activates elderly people, and it will particularly focus

on its architecture and model of implementation in

Polish conditions.

2 RESEARCH METHOD

This article constitutes an element of a series of

publications written by the authors, in which they

present the outcomes of the research activities

conducted within the framework of an international

consortium. The said consortium received a grant for

financing a project as a result of the sixth international

competition: Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Joint

Program. Within the framework of the AAL program,

the authors’ Alma Mater, namely Wroclaw

University of Economics, participated in the

implementation of “Active Retiree and Golden

Workers Gate” (ActGo-Gate) project. The project

was aimed at creating an ICT platform designed to

facilitate trade in services within its users’ local

communities, especially senior ones. It enables

clients not only to search for, book and settle the

services rendered but also to mutually offer such

services (on a commercial or voluntary basis) one

neighboring resident to another. The platform’s

objective is to increase the availability of various

services as well as to increase the level of activation

of senior citizens and to prevent their digital

exclusion. The project was implemented with the

active participation of representatives of local

communities in Switzerland, Germany, and in Poland

(Gryncewicz, Leszczynska, 2016).

Within the framework of the Polish part of the

project the potential of the domestic market has been

examined in the area of the possibility of the practical

application of this kind of ICT solution. While

conducting their research, the authors of the article

are examining the possibility of activating elderly

people and improving their quality of life by applying

modern ICT solutions. For that purpose, economic,

social and technological conditions have been

identified and described (Gryncewicz et al., 2018)

(Leszczynska et al., 2016) (Butryn et al., 2015), a

model of implementation of an ICT solution in this

field has been suggested (Kutera et al., 2016), and the

aspects of implementation have been presented in the

context of the non-functional (Kutera and

Gryncewicz, 2016) (Maciaszek et al., 2016) and

functional (Rot et al., 2017) requirements, defined

after the analysis of the target group was conducted

as part of pilot implementations in Switzerland and

Germany. Extensive quantitative and qualitative

research on senior citizens in Poland has also been

carried out and the outcome of this research has been

presented in (Kutera et al., 2017). The tangible effect

of the Polish research works is a number of papers,

which organize knowledge in the field of service

economy and underpin a business model of

professional activation of elderly people in Poland.

3 THE POTENTIAL OF

INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES

ON THE SERVICES MARKET

IN THE CONTEXT OF

ACTIVATING ELDERLY

PEOPLE

What can be observed in contemporary developed

economies is a dominating role of the services sector.

It has an influence on the other sectors and on the

lives of individual citizens. Research proves that in

the recent years the services sector has generated the

greater part of GDP and employed the highest

percentage of workers.

Advances in science and technology and the

creation of new information-communication

technologies play a crucial role in the transformations

of this sector due to the newly developed ways of

providing traditional services and due to new original

services, which did not exist before.

The Internet is increasingly being used to

distribute such services. However, the number of

offers there is immense, what leads to the situation in

which the decision is complex to make for the

consumers and it is very difficult to find a suitable

service provider. What constitutes an additional

barrier for senior citizens is the complexity of

ICT4AWE 2019 - 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health

248

websites on which the offer is presented.

Furthermore, such websites are not prepared in a way

which would enable elderly people to use them easily

(Rot, Kutera and Gryncewicz, 2017). They lack the

possibility to increase the font size or to use a voice

guide, which could facilitate navigation. It is also

difficult to check the credibility of a service provider.

Many senior citizens also need training or support

when they order a service via the Internet for the first

time so that they could break the barrier of fear related

to the usage of modern ICT solutions, to the lack of

trust to the service provider or to the mere lack of

knowledge (Gryncewicz et al., 2018). Another barrier

faced by the popularization of e-services among

senior citizens is leaving the negotiations and

ordering process to the client, what, due to the

complexity, often discourages the clients from

accepting the offer. Furthermore, ordering a service

directly from the provider’s website results in the fact

that the client enters into relations exclusively with

this one provider.

What has been created in view of the foregoing

observations is a project which increases the

availability of services among the members of local

communities. The purpose of the project and the

concept of ActGo-Gate platform dedicated to the

distribution of services addressed at people above the

age of 50 years was, first of all, a broadly understood

professional and social activation. The ICT platform

developed for the project enables via the Internet the

aggregation of service providers who are capable of

meeting the widest possible spectrum of needs (e.g.

in the area of care providing and medical services as

well as of educational, administrative, transportation,

information-communication, leisure, home

remodelling, and housekeeping services). The

platform activates senior citizens within the already

existing communities (senior clubs, universities of

the third age), it explores their natural need of self-

organization and of rendering mutual assistance, it

enables senior citizens to offer their own services in

the form of casual employment and at the same time

it provides them with a safe usage environment of the

ICT platform. The platform has a unified interface,

which meets the needs of elderly people.

The concept of the platform has been developed

on the basis of research conducted in countries of

Western Europe. However, the aforementioned

demographical changes indicate that the concept of

such a platform matches the development trend of the

Polish society as characterized above and it responds

to its needs.

4 ActGo-Gate PLATFORM

AS A TOOL OF ACTIVATION

OF SENIOR CITIZENS

The aim of the characterized ActGo-Gate platform is

first of all to activate senior citizens. The fulfillment

of the platform’s tasks and goals formulated in this

way corresponds to the specifics of platform’s users.

Within the framework of the platform there exist

three main groups (see Fig. 1). The first one is

composed of end users (consumers), i.e. elderly

people who offer their services via the platform in the

form of barter (time banks, voluntary work) or on a

commercial basis (part time job or a job under a

contract of mandate if a given task is to be

performed).

Figure 1: Groups of ActGo-Gate platform’s users.

The second group is formed by service providers

and employers who via the platform offer the ability

of employment on a commercial or voluntary basis.

The third user group is the integrator, whose task is,

as the term indicates, to ensure integration between

end users and service providers or employers. The

integrator performs the function of intermediary, who

faces the task of supporting elderly people in their

usage of the platform (technical support, ongoing

helpline) and who provides them with initial training

in this area. The integrator also negotiates the prices

of work/services and deals with their settlements in

the entire community of users.

The concept of the platform is based on the model

of integration of service providers and service

recipients via an ICT solution with the participation

of an intermediary, whose task is to coordinate the

communication between the parties concerned and to

secure the transactions from the organizational and

financial perspective.

The functional structure of the system is

composed of three modules (Leimeister, 2012). The

first one is Serve the Community Module which

activates the local community through offering and

trading informal services of support to other

community members. This refers to time banks or the

Architecture and Implementation of an Internet Platform for Activating Elderly People: Case Study

249

e-banking system for alternative methods of payment,

which consist on the mutual exchange of support

(“barter of services” – local exchange trading

system). Next module is Flexible Occupation Module

which focuses on local service providers and mature

workers or active retired people who are willing to

offer their services for consideration to the local

community members or who are willing to start a

part-time job. Third module – Get Involved with

Organizations Module – integrates the local

community members around social projects and

which activates them in this field on a voluntary basis.

The described modules, together with the core

platform, provide the users with a broad range of

possibilities related to undertaking professional

activity and enhancing social participation. Their

architecture will be deeply discussed in the next

section.

5 THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE

ICT SOLUTION

The architecture of the ActGo-Gate platform involves

4 key components (Figure 2):

 Gate Application (AGG),

 Appointment Coordination System (ACS),

 Recruiting Service System (RSS),

 User Management and Identity System

(UMIS).

Gate Application (AGG) constitutes a point of

contact for all the user groups. It determines the

appearance and behaviour of the responsive

interfaces dedicated to end users, service providers

and employers. Within its framework, the activities of

particular users and the transactions executed via all

the components of the platform are synchronized.

AGG makes its Application Programming Interface

(API) available and it uses the client's APIs in order

to ensure full synchronicity of data and to provide the

access to all the functions of the system. As far as the

functional dimension is concerned, the most

important task is to provide a tool for searching

through the offers and for the management of the

user's own ads with the application of navigation

paths simplified to a maximum and with the clear,

readable interface, which is adjusted to the perception

of elderly people.

Clients (ACS and RSS) are the systems

constituting autonomous Internet services, which deal

with specific forms of services and which provide

necessary functionalities such as the appointment

coordination (in the case of ACS) or recruitment (in

the case of RSS). As mentioned above, they have their

own APIs, which provide the current data and

functionalities required by AGG. Clients have inbuilt

email notification (and, additionally, text message

notification in the case of ACS), which, in both cases,

was extended by sending notifications to AGG. In

particular, Clients provide the functional modules of

the platform with functionalities. These functional

modules are:

 Serve the Community Module, which is

provided by ACS and which offers the ICT

support for the mutual exchange of services

performed by the citizens for the citizens,

including the barter trade of services. It also

supports service providers in the process of

matchmaking consumers with service

performers due to the partial automation of

tasks, in particular autodispatching of

appointments. The intermediary, who has their

own Personal Consumer Address Book, orders

the services on behalf of other users.

 Flexible Occupation Module, which is

provided by ACS and which allows the services

to be provided by elderly people on a

commercial basis in a form of a part-time

employment. The module facilitates finding

people who need help through browsing

demands, which can be defined as descriptions

of the character of the assistance needed. The

response to the demand generates another

appointment, which can be managed according

to the planned process of the demand-driven

appointment coordination. The support in the

matchmaking provided by the intermediary is

available because of the possibility of acting to

the benefit of other users, i.e. in the field of

order placement and appointment coordination.

 Get Involved with Organizations Module,

which is provided by RSS and through which it

is possible to offer services on a voluntary

basis. Volunteers can apply to given

volunteering projects and the system supports

the organization which carries on a given

project by conducting the recruitment process

and by selecting the most adequate candidates.

The system also provides the volunteers with

technological and factual support in the field of

creating their CVs and it actively supports the

process of selecting offers suitable for a given

volunteer.

ICT4AWE 2019 - 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health

250

Figure 2: ActGo-Gate architecture model.

The User Management and Identity System

(UMIS) provides ICT tools which facilitate users

registration, collecting and processing their data, and

user authentication, i.e. providing information on the

identity of the users. The latter function is performed

due to the application of the OpenID Connect

authentication protocol. What constitutes an

unquestionable advantage of this technology is a

considerable degree of separation of the user data and

of the processes related to the management thereof

from the other ICT systems, what results in the data

security improvement. Furthermore, because of such

a solution, the entire platform is very interoperable

and therefore it is easily extendable by new clients,

whose task is to provide complementary services to

the platform's current offer.

It should be emphasized that the architectural

construction of the core platform makes it possible to

offer services/work with the interface unified for all

its users (Rot et al., 2017). Furthermore, from the

user’s perspective professional and informal services

are visible as one integrated, unified portfolio.

The platform is available via such devices as

tablets or smartphones. It provides elderly people

with an easy and quick access to described

functionalities and modules. The interface which is

offered as part of this component is ergonomic, i.e. it

is tailored to the needs and perception of elderly

people and it provides a wide range of customization

possibilities, thus it adapts to the user’s individual

preferences. The mentioned technology is used to

document, confirm, and authorize the activities

conducted by the end user on ActGo-Gate platform,

e.g. through fingerprint recognition.

The responsive web portal integrates the

aforementioned components of ActGo-Gate platform

into one point of contact for all the user groups. It

determines the appearance of the interfaces of the

mobile clients for end users as well as for service

providers and employers. The portal enables the

synchronization of activities of particular users and of

transactions realized through all the platform

components. What also takes place with the

application of the portal is the integration of the

Architecture and Implementation of an Internet Platform for Activating Elderly People: Case Study

251

already used systems of service providers and

employers (Lopacinski, et al., 2018).

6 THE MODEL OF

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE

ICT PLATFORM ACTIVATING

SENIOR CITIZENS IN THE

POLISH CONDITIONS

The concept of a business model of activating elderly

people with the application of an electronic platform

includes

(Leszczynska, Lopacinski, Gryncewicz, 2017):

 The main roles of the stakeholders engaged in

the activation of elderly people.

 Key relations between the roles, including the

activities conducted by one party to the benefit

of another, and also all the cash flows which

enable proper functioning of the model under

market conditions.

Figure 3. presents a graphical representation of the

model.

Figure 3: ActGo-Gate platform business model.

What constitutes the central part of this model is

an electronic platform for services market, which is

provided by the ICT services provider, i.e. the

software provider in the Software-as-a-Service

(SaaS) model (Maciaszek et al., 2016). This entity is

responsible for the preparation and configuration of

the platform, the ongoing technical support and

maintaining the system within the framework of their

server infrastructure. Importantly, the platform is an

integrated solution due to the fact that it offers an easy

and non-invasive integration to external Internet

services (known as client services) directed at

providing information on employment possibilities

and service offerings. The platform aggregates data

from many client services. It provides key

functionalities related to browsing, ordering,

coordinating dates, rendering, and verifying services.

Service providers render necessary professional

services to elderly people. The platform brings them

tangible benefits resulting from the access to ICT

tools for managing their commercial activities and to

a large group of potential consumers of their services.

Service providers pay for the usage of the platform in

the form of a subscription or commission fee. Within

the framework of this group, service providers

represent those who manage organizations which

render services, who are in charge of defining the

services and the conditions of their supply, managing

the staff, as well as of allocating the tasks between the

suppliers of services. The latter are responsible for

rendering services for a given ordering party. The

ordering parties and voluntary workers constitute a

group of clients who are original users of a platform

in the discussed business model. They are usually

elderly people, or people working to the benefit of

elderly people in a particular field, e.g. adult children

who provide care for their elderly parents. The

ordering party attempts to acquire a service which

responds best to their needs as to its subject-matter

and which will be rendered in a given place and time.

The time will be defined in the process of

coordinating dates in cooperation with the other party

(with the service provider). Voluntary workers search

for the possibility of engaging themselves in a

voluntary project or of rendering a one-time service

free of charge for the ordering party, who first defines

their need for a given type of work/task. It is

worthwhile to mention that the roles of voluntary

worker and of ordering party can be performed

interchangeably by the same person, depending on

circumstances. If the state of health of an elderly

person constitutes an impediment to their ability to

carry out a certain type of work, they can use services

provided by professionals or voluntary workers. At

the same time, this elderly person can provide

voluntary services which are suitable from the

perspective of their health to other elderly people.

Such an approach explores the natural need of self-

organization and of rendering mutual assistance,

which the elderly people have, and which was

identified as a result of the qualitative research

(aforementioned in “research method” section of this

paper).

The party which plays a crucial role in this model

is the intermediary. Its key task is to create a safe

environment of using the ICT platform for senior

citizens. Furthermore, the intermediary is in charge of

ICT4AWE 2019 - 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health

252

organizing the market through supporting the clients

and service providers with each transaction. It

provides the users with the technical and substantive

support during their attempts to order a service on

their own. It is also responsible for carrying out the

duties of the parties to a given transaction. In the

second case, the intermediary, while acting on behalf

of the client, orders a service via the platform and

negotiates the dates of its rendition, or defines the

need for the service and selects the best voluntary

service supplier. The function of intermediary can be

performed by the already existing communities and

organizations which activate senior citizens, e.g.

universities of the third age. What is indispensable in

order to make it possible, is the financing coming

from public and private sources. Apart from the

income from the subscription fees, the financing can

be obtained from a group of patrons, such as state and

self-government authorities or private sponsors,

whose statutory objectives correspond to the

objectives of the discussed business model, i.e. their

aim is to focus on the professional activation of senior

citizens. This group, complemented by the media and

non-governmental social organizations, plays a

significant role in the area of activation and

promotion, which is performed with a partial

participation of the intermediary.

A business model developed in this way

concentrates on the subject of the market connected

with the platform, directed at activating elderly

people in the area of their professional life.

7 CONCLUSIONS

Supplying the market with an advanced platform

integrating providers of services dedicated to people

over 50 years of age and employers who are willing

to hire the representatives of this age group in the

form of a part-time job on a commercial or voluntary

basis on one hand, and the recipients of those

services/tasks, i.e. people who are over 50 years old

on the other, constitutes a comprehensive response to

the needs of the indicated age group. The introduction

into the model of the intermediary, who provides

elderly people with the assistance in the area of price

negotiations, settlements, and verification of service

providers and employers, solves the problem of

senior citizens’ mistrust of the service providers

unknown to them and eliminates the problem of

dishonest users. Additionally, the platform enables

end users concerned to communicate with one

another (chats, blogs, videos, phone calls) and to

exchange opinions on services/tasks in order to

reduce their inner anxiety, fear, or concern related to

the new and unknown.

New forms of distribution of services might

improve the quality of life of elderly people quite

significantly through alleviating the burden of

everyday chores and via social activation due to the

assistance in the usage of a wide range of social-

cultural services and due to providing senior citizens

with the possibility to render services to other people.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ActGo-Gate was the part of AAL Joint Programme

Call 6, a funding activity that aims to create better

condition of life for the older adults and to strengthen

the industrial opportunities in Europe through the use

of ICT. The consortium consisted of 7 partners from

Switzerland, Germany and Poland. In Poland, the

project was funded by the National Centre for

Research and Development and realized at Wroclaw

University of Economics (AAL6/2015).

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