The Effects of Sharing Stories using Instagram Story on Students’

Self Disclosure: A Study on Narrative Paradigm

FA. Wisnu Wirawan, Zata Amani Zakira and Elsie Oktivera

Communication Study Program, STIKS Tarakanita, Kompleks Billy&Moon, Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: New Media, Instagram Stories, Narrative Paradigm, Self-Disclosure

Abstract: New media brings a lot of change on people’s life. Many people share stories by text, photo, or video in

Instagram Story. There is a tendency that people open their lives by sharing feelings and experiences in

Instagram Story. This study aims to determine the effect of sharing stories using Instagram Story on

Students’ Self Disclosure. The independent variable taken from narrative paradigm includes events and

existents, while the dependent one includes amount, valence, accuracy/honesty, intention, and intimacy. The

sample is 228 students from Tarakanita School of Communication and Secretarial Studies (STIKS

Tarakanita), Jakarta, selected using simple random sampling. To collect data, this research took a

questionnaire containing 36 items with a Likert Scale (Disagree 1 and 5 for Agree) in March-June 2018.

The data collected were analysed using description means and regression via SPSS 22. The results revealed

that there is a positive effect of sharing stories in Instagram Story on Students’ Self Disclosure for 11.4%.

1 INTRODUCTION

People have used social media in their daily lives

to socialize, add friends, gain entertainment,

information and news. Social media users can

express routine activities by uploading status, photos

or videos as well. Many things we can share by

social media. Seeing the penetration of social media,

Kircova, Yaman, Kose (2018) stated that the most

used social networks are Facebook (63%), Instagram

(27%) and Twitter (22%).

Taken from Instagram 2013, Hu, Manikonda,

and Kambhampati (2014) expressed that “since its

launch in October 2010, it has attracted more than

150 million active users, with an average of 55

million photos uploaded by users per day, and more

than 16 billion photos shared so far.” Kandari,

Hunayyan and Hajri (2016) stated that Instagram is

an application that “allows people to share with

others their daily life activities, lifestyles, habits and

interests in pictures and videos.” In Indonesia,

female teenagers dominate Instagram (IG) users as

the active ones. Quoted from

https://techno.okezone.com, APAC Instagram Brand

Development Lead, Paul Webster states that

Indonesia is one of the countries with 89 percent of

Instagram users. They are 18-34 years old, accessing

IG at least once in a week. Female users dominate

IG access up to 63%, while male is only 37%.

(Mailanto, 2016)

Talking about expressing emotions, Instagram

has Instagram Stories used to express emotions or

shows anything. This 24-hour-period feature enables

users to express and post anything like videos,

photos and music. IG users freely use Instagram

Stories to share daily activities or to express

feelings. Ting (2014) mentioned that there are four

motives people use Social Networking Sites (SNSs).

They are information seeking, interpersonal

communication (interpersonal utility), self-

expression and escape motives. Specifically about

self-expression, Ting mentioned that people tend to

show their personal image and identity freely

nowadays. These include conveying hobbies,

interests, ideas and feelings, to other people.

Bazarova and Choi (2014) strengthened us on

expressing ideas and feelings in social media. They

said that millions of people routinely self-disclose

personal information on SNSs. This personal

information varied from expressing deep personal

feelings and opinions to documenting mundane

details of daily life.

In accordance with the formulation of the

problems determined, the purpose of this study is to

Wirawan, F., Zakira, Z. and Oktivera, E.

The Effects of Sharing Stories using Instagram Story on Students’ Self Disclosure: A Study on Narrative Paradigm.

DOI: 10.5220/0008525400130017

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Intermedia Arts and Creative Technology (CREATIVEARTS 2019), pages 13-17

ISBN: 978-989-758-430-5

find out how big the influence using Instagram

Stories on students’ self-disclosure.

2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

There are some theories to conduct based on the

topic above.

2.1 New Media

Internet is a new media. Then, what kind of

internet is the new media? Lister et al. (2009: 12-13)

stated that new media refers on:

a) New textual experiences

b) New ways of representing the world

c) New between subjects (users and consumers)

and media technologies

d) New experiences of the relationship between

embodiment, identity and community

e) New conceptions of the biological body's

relationship to technological media

f) New patterns of organization and production

In addition, Lister et al. (2009: 13) briefly stated

that the characteristics of new media are digital,

interactive, hypertextual, virtual, networked, and

simulated. In line with what Lister et al. said, Mitra

enhanced that "the new media is nothing but the

amalgamation of all types of media into one form,

all the conceptions, ideas and embedded media into

the new form." (2011: 2). He continued that new

media is divided into 3 aspects, namely new media

and technological aspects, cultural and social

aspects, and environmental aspects.

New media contents involve interactivity (Lister

et al, 2009: 21). This is completely different with old

media regarded as a passive consumption. There is a

more powerful sense of engagement with media

texts, greater sources of knowledge, individualized

media use, and greater user choice. New media also

create a communicative behavior that leads to

person-to-person communication. In this case, social

media includes into new media. Dewing (2012:1)

stated that by social media, individuals can share

photos and videos, share stories and information,

express ideas on blogs and participate in online

discussions.

2.2 Instagram (IG) Stories

Instagram is a social media application that

allows users to upload photos or videos to share with

friends / followers (Lavoie, 2015: 79). Two

American people, Kevin Systrom and Mike Kreiger,

firstly published this application in October 2010.

Bayn in McQuail, (2011: 157) conveyed that social

media is a place for people to share and exchange

information, ideas, and experiences. Then people

use it as a medium to tell stories. In this case,

Amancio quoted what Fisher said about telling

stories. Fisher said that humans are narrators as well.

Instagram Stories enable people to tell stories

because human being is principally a human

storyteller (Amancio, 2017: 33).

Instagram Stories has the same way of working

with Instagram Feed, which is uploading photos or

videos. However, it is only valid for 24 hours. Using

this feature, our friends may do comments on what

we share (photos and videos) if necessary.

The intensity of users uploading photos or

videos in Instagram Stories reflects an openness as

there is no limit of sharing anything. Amancio

(2017: 53) conveyed kinds of stories frequently

shared by users:

a) Feelings, emotion

Users express feelings they feel by writing,

putting photos, videos or emoticon (symbol

of characters emulating facial expressions).

People use emoticons because they can

replace sentences or more represent

conditions.

b) Interaction

Users can interact with followers in

message features such as giving comments

or opinions.

c) Update

Users share their daily activities.

d) Food

Showing food in Instagram Stories is one

thing users usually upload

e) People

Users can possibly share family or friends

to show a closeness of the relationship.

f) Self-Portraits

Self-portrait, commonly known as selfie,

reflects activities and emotions.

g) Place

Users upload places indicating the location

where she/he keeps a moment on.

2.3 Narrative Paradigm

Fisher saw that humans are narrators. They are

storytellers. Values, emotions, and aesthetics are the

basis of our beliefs and behavior. In other words, a

good story may persuade people than a good

argument (Sobur, 2014: 216). A story is a

structured-narrative text (Amancio, 2017: 32). A

story consists of two things: events and existents.

CREATIVEARTS 2019 - 1st International Conference on Intermedia Arts and Creative

Events are actions of the actors in the story, in verbal

and non-verbal. However, existents are the

characters and setting of a story. Events and

existents are contents of story. In accordance with

the narrative paradigm, quoted by Griffin (2011:

308), Fisher stated that the story conveyed by the

communicator has a sequence of events, from

beginning, middle, and end. A story invites the

receivers to interpret meaning and values of the

story as well. Every human being has many stories

to tell based on personal experience. This may have

the same understanding with story about culture,

history, society or economy. Human life is like a

series of narration due to personal experiences kept

in human memory.

Nguyen revealed that there is a connection

between digital storytelling and narrative theory.

This can help provide understanding for individuals

who tell stories on Instagram Stories (Amancio,

2017: 33). Fisher completed this understanding by

saying that digital storytelling can help humans tell

stories: what you are doing, who you are, where you

are. Instagram Stories provides an access for users to

tell stories about their daily lives (Amancio, 2017:

33).

2.4 Self-disclosure

Devito (2010: 201) conducted an understanding

that self-disclosure is a kinds of communication in

which individuals reveal information about

themselves. People sometimes hide information

about themselves. This information can be about a

person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior. This may

also information of people who are very close to

him. Moreover, it is a process of making oneself

known. In conclusion, self- disclosure is process of

sharing information to other people. The information

may concern about personal experiences, feelings,

future planning, and dreams. Self-disclosure is as a

form of honesty that can help humans share stories

with others.

Taking Devito statement, Pohan and Dalimunthe

(2017: 19) stated five aspects of self-disclosure,

namely:

a) Amount, a quantity that reveals a frequency

an individual who reveals himself and the

time duration needed to disclose.

b) Valence, is a positive or negative thing of

self-disclosure; pleasant or unpleasant.

c) Accuracy / Honesty

d) Intention, the extent to which individuals

reveal what they want to express, how

much an individual's awareness control

information they want to say to say to

others.

e) Intimacy, an individual can reveal the most

intimate details of his life.

3 METHODOLOGY

Based on the description of the problem

formulation described, two hypotheses are as

follows

(Ho): There is no influence using Instagram Stories

on students’ self-disclosure

(Ha): There is an influence using Instagram Stories

on students’ self-disclosure

This study examines two variables. They are one

independent variable (X) "Instagram Stories" and a

dependent variable "Self-Disclosure" (Y). This

quantitative research will find out the influence

between two variables. The framework is as follows

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

The primary data of this research is results of

questionnaire. The respondents are students of

Tarakanita School of Business Communication and

Secretarial Studies (STIKS Tarakanita), Jakarta. The

population determined is students who are still

active studying there. The researchers chose them

because they are in the ages of 18-30 years old, as

what data shows the active users of social media.

Moreover, they are all female students. The time of

research was in February-June 2018. This study took

a probability sampling, and the technique is simple

random sampling technique.

The population was 532 active students and

specified precision or significance level of 0.05, then

the sample size in this study was: n = 228,326

rounded to 228. Researchers take Slovin formula to

calculate the number of sample size. The

questionnaire used Likert scale.

4 RESEARCH FINDINGS

Descriptive analysis used in this study includes

the minimum, maximum, mean and standard

Instagram

Stories

Self-Disclosure

The Effects of Sharing Stories using Instagram Story on Students’ Self Disclosure: A Study on Narrative Paradigm

deviations of one dependent variable, namely the use

of Instagram Stories and the independent variable,

which is self-disclosure.

Table 1: Variable Statistics

Based on the output above, the use of Instagram

Stories variable with a total data (N) of 228 has an

average value of 35.44; the minimum value is 20

and the maximum value is 50, while the standard

deviation is 5.430. Self-disclosure variable with total

data (N) of 228 has an average value of 66.94; the

minimum value is 50 and the maximum value is 93,

while the standard deviation is 9,681.

The reliability uses Cronbach's Alpha. Limit of

reliability used is 0.6. Priyatno (2010: 97) said that

reliability of less than 0.6 is not good, while 0.7 is

acceptable and above 0.8 is good.

Table 2: Reliability Statistics of Variable X

The reliability results of the X variable test can

be seen in the Reliability Statistics output. In the

Cronbach's Alpha table, the value is 0.860, showing

us that it is reliable.

Table 3: Reliability Statistics of Variable Y

The reliability results of the Y variable can be

seen in the Reliability Statistics output. In the

Cronbach's Alpha table, the value is 0.959. This

means reliable.

Based on test of Normality, in the Kolmogorov-

Sminov column, we can see that the significance

value for variable X (use of Instagram stories) is

0.089 and variable Y (self-disclosure) is 0.075.

Because the significance for variable X and variable

Y is greater than 0.05, it can be concluded that the

population of data using Instagram Stories and self-

disclosure are normally distributed.

A simple linear regression test completed this

study. The constant is as 45,612. From the results of

a simple linear regression test, the regression

equation is as follows:

Table 4: Linear Regression

Determination (R²) is as follows

Table 5: Determination Analysis

Based on the output obtained, the number R² (R

Square) is 0.114 or 11.4%. This shows that the

influence of independent variables (use of Instagram

Stories) on the dependent variable (self-disclosure)

is 11.4%. Other variables are 88.6%. Furthermore,

the summary model of R² value is 0.338. This shows

that there was a low correlation between the use of

Instagram Stories and self-disclosure because they

were in the range of 0.20-0.399.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results, the use of Instagram

Stories has a positive influence of 11.4% on the self-

disclosure of students. Furthermore, based on the

results of a simple regression coefficient, t score > t

table (5.391>1.971). There is a significant influence

between narrative paradigms in sharing stories using

Instagram Stories on self-disclosure to students.

Researchers then admit that there must be self-

disclosure element appears in every single post

uploaded in IG Stories.

Cronbach's

Alpha

N of Item

.959

CREATIVEARTS 2019 - 1st International Conference on Intermedia Arts and Creative

Discussing narrative paradigms and self-

disclosure is still very open for other social media,

like Path, You tube, and Facebook. For further

research using this topic, researchers can examine

the depth and detail about the effects of revealing

self-disclosure on by Instagram Stories.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to thank to STIKS Tarakanita for

assisting us in giving the data of students.

Furthermore, we thank the respondents for helping

us fulfilling the questionnaire.

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The Effects of Sharing Stories using Instagram Story on Students’ Self Disclosure: A Study on Narrative Paradigm