Research on the New Woodleaf Glaze in Celadon
Feng Shanxin
Faculty of Decorative, Silpakorn Talingchan University, Bangkok, Thailand
Keywords: New wood leaf glaze, Lead content, Celadon decoration effect, Edible utensils.
Abstract: Since the emergence of celadon, there have been thousands of years of history. The glaze of celadon is also
diversified by a single, and there is a lot of geographical features of the kiln. The innovation of glaze has an
important influence on the development of celadon. The main research of this paper is a rich wood-leaf glaze.
At first, this kind of wood-leaf glaze can only be applied to the black jizhou kiln porcelain. The material is
generally mulberry leaf directly attached to the surface of the green body after being processed and fired.
After the porcelain is formed, the composition of the leaf is golden and has a high ornamental effect[2].
Because of the uncertainty of the blade itself during the firing process, the success rate of firing is very low,
and the yield cannot be predicted at all. In this project, a kind of glaze that resembles metal glaze with golden
color, simple color and no obvious luster is prepared by researching and analyzing the chemical composition
of mulberry leaf.This type of glaze can greatly reduce the problem of high lead content in metal glazes. The
wood glazes studied in this topic are fired at high temperatures and can be applied not only to celadon
decoration but also to various daily-use ceramics and the decoration[1].
1 INTRODUCTION
It is a fusion of natural with nature, and the
production of wood-leaf cup is entirely a result of the
wisdom of nature and the ancients. There have been
more than 1,200 years of baking history since then, of
which black glaze porcelain was the most
representative. Because of the uncertainty of the
leaves in the firing process, each samovar will have a
different shape, and the yield is very low, and the
wood-leaf cup have been loved by the public. Then,
after the burning of the wood-leaf cup, people
continuously carried out research experiments to
complete the re-burning of wood-leaf cup[3]. The
golden leaf color of the wood-leaf cup is consistent
with the contemporary rustic style. This study
prepared a wood leaf glaze with golden wood leaf
color by analyzing the composition of the wood leaf
glaze and firing experiments[4]. The traditional
wood-leaf cup is only shown by the black undercoat.
This study will use traditional celadon as the
experimental object[5]. By controlling the content of
iron and rare metals in the glaze, the wood-leaf glaze
can be incorporated into the celadon to make it more
vivid and beauty. The research results of the project
can be widely applied to more porcelain decorations,
and can also be used as a glaze with metallic color.
The wood leaf glaze is burned at a high temperature
and is different from the low lead glaze containing
high lead content. Glazes need to be fired at high
temperatures, so they are lead-free and non-toxic and
can be widely used in the processing of daily-use
ceramics. The research has a high research value and
has huge market potential
Be advised that papers in a technically unsuitable
form will be returned for retyping. After returned the
manuscript must be appropriately modified.
2 EXPERIMENTAL STEPS AND
CONCLUSIONS
The color of the glaze needs to be matched with the
use of high iron content mud, which helps the hair
color of the leaves. The thickness of the glaze layer is
about 0.5-0.8mm, and it is fired in an oxidizing
atmosphere. The firing temperature is about 1250-
1300℃. Too high a temperature is not good for the
emergence of the of leaves color. The electric kiln is
in full compliance with its firing standards, so it is
possible to abandon the traditional firewood kiln and
gas kiln. The electric kiln is easy to operate, easy to
operate, the heating curve and atmosphere are
relatively stable, and the finished product rate is high.
202
Shanxin, F.
Research on the New Woodleaf Glaze in Celadon.
DOI: 10.5220/0008561502020205
In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Interdisciplinary Arts and Humanities (ICONARTIES 2019), pages 202-205
ISBN: 978-989-758-450-3
Copyright
c
 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

2.1 The Data Collection
The wood leaf glaze is prepared by replacing the
chemical components in the mulberry leaf with
mineral chemical substances. The data of Table 1 can
be obtained by examining the chemical composition
of the glazed glaze minerals in the wood leaf aphid
product at different temperatures:
Table 1: The energy spectrum analysis of the glaze surface
after decorative wood leaves.
According to studies, we can choose the specific
gravity of raw materials at 800℃ to calculate the
specific gravity of each component of the wood leaf
glaze. Calculation of wood-leaf glaze type. Through
the energy spectrum analysis of the wood leaf glaze
in Table 1, the wood leaf glaze type can be calculated.
a. Calculate the number of constants for each
chemical formula in the glaze. The analytical values
of each component are divided by their corresponding
molecular weights to obtain their respective
quotients. Each quotient is divided by S (the sum of
basic component quotients to be added) to calculate
that each component is in glaze type Constant
number. (Table 2). b. According to the calculated
number of constants, the wooden leaf glaze type is
listed. (figure 1)
Table 2: Reference Values (Values Rounded):
Name Ass
ay
valu
e
Mol
ecul
ar w
eigh
t
Qu
otie
nt
Bas
e
ele
men
t
S The
const
ant
numb
er
SiO
2
35.8
8
60.1 0.5
97
0.69
P
2
O
3
6.29 142.
3
0.0
4
0.05
Fe
2
O
3
0.32 159.
7
0.0
02
0.002
Al
2
O
3
2.69 102 0.0
3
0.03
Cr
2
O
3
1.95 294.
2
0.0
1
0.01
MnO 0.84 70.9 0.0
1
0.01
0.
8
7
0.01
MgO 4.98 40.3 0.1
2
0.12 0.14
CaO 35.2
0
56.1 0.6
3
0.63 0.72
K
2
O 9.97 94 0.1
1
0.11 0.126
Figure 1: wood - leaf glaze type.
Calculate the weight percentage of each
ingredient in the recipe. a. According to the glaze data
format of Figure.1, the weight percentage of raw
materials used for preparing the wood leaf glaze was
calculated. In view of the cost, all oxides cannot be
used in glazes, and there are many sources of raw
materials for the same chemical composition. In order
to replace glaze, a suitable compound is used instead
of oxides, for example, Al2O3 is replaced by
orthoclase (Al2O3∙6SiO2). Since ortho-feldspar
contains elements such as K, Al, and Si, the use of
K2O, Al2O3, and SiO2 can be reduced during
glazing. After determining the raw materials, use the
constant number in Figure 1 to equalize the number
of constants for each raw material, as shown in Table
3.Multiplicity of each constant and each molecular
weight to obtain the blend amount of each raw
material. b. Calculate the weight percentage of raw
materials by the sum of the blended amounts.
T/℃
CE
800 950 105
0
115
0
120
0
125
0
SiO
₂
35.
88
42.7 49.
30
57.9
3
58.1
0
58.3
5
P
2
O
3
6.2
9
5.80 4.5
1
2.72 2.62 2.54
Fe
2
O
3
0.3
2
0.49 1.0
0
2.49 3.76 4.64
Al
2
O
3
2.6
9
3.78 7.5
8
10.8
6
13.3
5
15.4
6
Cr
2
O
3
1.9
5
1.61 1.0
8
0.74 0.66 0.58
MnO 0.8
4
0.72 0.6
9
0.68 0.63 0.59
MgO 4.9
8
3.20 3.0
1
2.74 2.39 2.28
CaO 35.
20
30.0
1
22.
17
15.5
8
11.8
7
10.1
1
K
2
O 9.9
7
8.89 7.3
7
6.01 4.39 4.26
Research on the New Woodleaf Glaze in Celadon
203

Table 3: Reference Values (Values Rounded).
Name Co
nst
an
t
nu
m
be
r
Chemical
Formula
(Alternati
ve)
Con
stan
t
nu
mb
er
Mole
cular
weig
ht
Har
mo
ny
Wei
ght
(%)
SiO
2
0.
69
SiO
2
0.5
1
60.1 30.6
51
21
P
2
O
3
0.
05
CaO∙P
2
O
5
0.0
5
310.
3
15.5
15
11
Fe
2
O
3
0.
00
2
Fe+O
3
0.0
02
159.
7
0.31
94
0.2
Al
2
O
3
0.
03
K
2
O∙Al
2
O
3
∙6SiO
2
0.0
3
556 16.6
8
12
Cr
2
O
3
0.
01
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
0.0
1
294.
2
2.94
2
2
MnO 0.
01
MnO 0.0
1
70.9 0.70
9
0.5
MgO 0.
14
MgCO
3
0.1
4
84.3 11.8
02
8
CaO 0.
72
CaCO
3
0.5
7
100 57 40
K
2
O 0.
12
6
K
2
O 0.0
86
94 8.08
4
5.6
2.2 Ball Grinding Glaze and Test Strip
Test
The grammage of each raw material was precisely
weighed, and the ingredients and water were put into
a ball mill for ball milling according to the specific
gravity of 1:0.7. The balls in the ball mill tank must
not exceed one-half of the tank solvent. The ball
milling time is about 30 minutes to ensure that the ball
mill particles can pass through a 120 mesh screen.
The longer the ball-grinding time, the finer the glaze.
But, if excessive ball mill, the glaze material is easy
to crack when the glaze is dry, it easy to produce
shrinkage glaze, jump glaze and so on.
Combine with celadon's mud glaze to make no
less than 6 sets of test pieces, respectively placed in
different directions of the upper and middle three
floors of the kiln in order to observe whether the glaze
color has the stability and best firing position. The
thickness of the glaze of each test piece must be thin
and thick. Only the upper half of the test piece is
glazed, which can facilitate observation of the color
and flow of glazes of different thicknesses. Each test
piece must be etched with different depths of scribes
using tools to observe the effects of different layers of
glaze.
2.3 The Effect of Temperature on Yield
Kiln: electric kiln, Test pieces: 6 sets of 6 pieces
The kiln temperature 1100℃, 1150℃, 1200℃,
1250℃and 1300℃
Figure 2：influence of kiln temperature on yield
2.4 The Effect of Temperature on Yield
Glaze processing temperature: 850℃and 1250℃.
Sample: 200g low temperature metal glaze, 200g
wood leaf glaze is melted into powder.
a (pre-low temperature metal glaze of lead)
b (low-temperature metal glaze after lead analysis)
c (before lead wood leaf glaze)
d (wood leaf glaze after lead analysis)
Equipment: ball mill, scanning electron
microscope (produced by philips of the Netherlands),
energy spectrometer (produced by idax, USA).
Accelerate precipitation lead placement environment:
temperature 70℃, relative humidity 75%
Table 3: comparison of lead quantity of low temperature
metal glazes.
N
ame Pb
a 67.6
b 73.1
Table 3: comparison of lead quantity of low temperature
metal glazes.
Name Pb
c 0
d 0
ICONARTIES 2019 - 1st International Conference on Interdisciplinary Arts and Humanities
204

3 CONCLUSIONS
By analyzing the experimental data, the best firing
temperature of the wood leaf glaze is between 1250-
1300℃.The color rendering effect of the wood leaf
glaze in the celadon test piece is compared with that
of the traditional wood leaf figurine. The color
stability of the wood leaf glaze has been significantly
improved, and it is not necessary to treat the
chlorophyll in the leaf blade with a reagent, which is
convenient to use and has a high success rate. The
new wooden leaf glaze course was decorated with
ceramic paintings to enhance the controllability of the
decoration. The wood leaf glaze studied in this paper
can be fired at high temperature to ensure that no lead
element is harmful to the user's health. It can be
clearly seen from Table 4 that the glaze a prior to the
lead expulsion contains high lead itself, and the lead
content becomes higher after the treatment.
Compared with the low-temperature metal glaze, the
cost of the wood leaf glaze is low, and the use range
is large, and the high cost of multiple reburning can
be saved by burning at a high temperature once. This
study has achieved new breakthroughs in both food
safety and decorative effects.
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