History of Indonesia's War Independence in Novel Larasati by

Pramoedya Ananta Toer: New Historicism Approach

Andri Wicaksono, Emzir, and Zainal Rafli

Department of Language Education, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Historical Reality, War of Independence, New Historicism

Abstract: The historical reality in Indonesian novels with a New Historicism perspective focuses on history and

literary issues. The Indonesian novel, Larasati, by PramoedyaAnantaToer represents the historical events of

the Indonesian struggle (period 1945-1949) in different colors with historical texts in general. Therefore,

this study aims to describe in depth the objective-imaginative reality of the nation's struggle in the novel

The research method used was qualitative interpretive with a parallel reading between literary texts on

events that represent the history of the nation's struggle. The results show, in general, that historical reality

during the war for independence, namely the struggle to continue to uphold the independence. The novel

illustrates the situation of the Indonesian revolutionary upheaval after an uncertain proclamation due to the

absence of stability of power. On the one hand, de jure Indonesia is an independent nation, but on the other

side Dutch power still persists. Finally, the results of this study may have implications on the growing sense

of nationalism as a manifestation of the strengthening of the nation's character through creating prime

qualified human resources.

1 INTRODUCTION

As one of the products of literature, novels play an

important role in giving a view to addressing life in

an imaginative artistic manner. This is possible

because the issue discussed in the novel is a matter

of man and humanity. Novel developments in

Indonesia quite rapidly, as evidenced by the many

new novels published. The novels have a variety of

themes and content, among other social problems,

which generally occurs in the community, including

those associated feelings and psyche. This is very

interesting to talk about because the soul is the

essence of life of animate creature.

Novel as a form of literary work is expected to

bring positive values to the audience so that they are

sensitive to problems related to social life and

encourage good behavior. Novels are also

expressions of social phenomena in aspects of life

that can be used as a means of knowing humans and

their times. The novel that is increasingly shining in

the present is nothing but a continuous story about

humans that is polished in such a way by creative

writers.

This understanding implies the bargaining

position of literary works as a form of expression

and reflection of literary thoughts on the reality of

life faced in the past. The connection between the

development of the literary world and social change

in society is made possible by the function and

position of literature as part of the system of cultural

arts. The development of literature in various forms

including historical novels is a way for writers to

express and express ideas in a novel work that still

retains elements of history as an important part of

novel substance.

Compared to historians, writers actually have

more free space when they want to convey a

reflection of their evaluations of past history. As the

Mahayana (2005) said, subjectively, writers can

interpret and construe the facts or events of

historical importance. It can also deliver other

alternatives behind historical events.So, writers can

make historical facts and events as the background

of their creative work. However, they can also use

historical facts and events to convey critical notes or

to reveal events that might have escaped historical

records.However, as a creative work these parallels

are not as 'plagiarized' of historical reality. Literary

works choose material contained in society

(including historical reality), process it in

combination with the author's imagination so that the

Wicaksono, A., Emzir, . and Raﬂi, Z.

History of Indonesia’s War Independence in Novel Larasati by Pramoedya Ananta Toer: New Historicism Approach.

DOI: 10.5220/0008993400320040

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Education, Language and Society (ICELS 2019), pages 32-40

ISBN: 978-989-758-405-3

reality in the novel with reality in Indonesian history

is not exactly the same.

When literary works can be used as historical

references, literature has proven itself to be a science

that not only speaks of creativity and a series of

imaginations, but can also function as a historical

document. So those, the humanities can eventually

penetrate the confines of a binding nature as a

science.

Literary works of historical value are usually

taken from history. Likewise with the use of

language, between historical writings and literary

works are different. History is more likely to use

referential symbolism by pointing explicitly at

objects, thoughts, events, and relationships. While

literature has more subjective messages from the

author (Kuntowijoyo, 2006). Historical literary

works are historiography.

The relationship between literary work and the

reality that occurs in society shows that to

understand literary works, studies are needed that

involve the relationship between literary works and

social aspects.By understanding literary works in

relation to the national struggle, it is not impossible

for a literary reader to rediscover the reality or

historical representation depicted in literary works.In

this case, history, especially relating to past events,

is not only found in historical texts, but also in

literary works, such as novels.Based on a

preliminary reading of a number of modern

Indonesian novels, can be found a number of novels

depicting the events of history of national struggle

during the war of independence (1945 - 1949) that

have occurred in Indonesia.The background

selection here is determined to facilitate the

collection of existing historical literature; literature

as a historical document.

In Taum's research (2013), material objects used

are also literary texts and non-literary texts, namely

texts narrating the years 1966-1998 which are

examined according to historical blocks. In

accordance with the approach model used, these

texts are seen as discursive formations produced

based on an episteme which is a grammar of

knowledge production.

Previous studies of the War of Independence

(Wicaksono, 2018a; 2018b) showed that during the

revolutionary period, Indonesian literature,

especially novels, was concerned with various

representations of the War of Independence. Among

the various means of representation / such as history

textbooks, monuments, museums, and the media

generally dominated and voicing the interests of the

ruler (state), literature has the attitude and views are

not always in line with the willingness. For this

reason, this study is in-depth to bridge the historical

findings contained in the literary text.

These problems will be analyzed using the New

Historicism approach by Greenblatt. In his study,

both theoretically and in practice, Greenblatt (in

Brannigan, 1998) focused on the issue of history and

literature.The disciplinary expansion which includes

the study of textuality, language and representation

is basically based on historical analysis; the effect of

literary criticism on history, namely by reading

history as a text.

The historical reality in Indonesian novels with a

New Historicism perspective is theoretical studies

and practices that focus on historical and literary

issues.

The expansion includes the study disciplinary

textuality, language, and representation are basically

based on a historical analysis; the effect of the

history of literary criticism, by reading history as a

text.In this case, the historical reality relating to past

events is not only found in historical texts, but also

in literary works, for example Indonesian novels set

against the war of independence from 1945 to

1949.The novels which are characterized by the

background during the independence war are one of

the works of Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Pramoedya

Ananta Toer's novel which is the focus of this

research is Larasati (2003).The novel allegedly

represents the historical events of the Indonesian

struggle (the period 1945-1949) in different colors

with historical texts in general.

In accordance with the elaboration on the

problems in literary (novels) with history, in this

paper it is pursued on the issue of historical reality in

a novel set in the war of independence.In more detail

the purpose of this study is to describe in depth the

history of the nation's struggle (objective-

imaginative reality) found in the novel Larasati by

PramoedyaAnantaToer.

2 THEORITICAL REVIEW

2.1 Historical Value in Literary

The process of the values of human life is realized,

identified, and absorbed into a more conscious

possession and then developed. But, values can help

us realize, acknowledge, deepen, and understand the

nature of the relationship between values and their

roles and uses for life. According to

Koentjaraningrat (2009), there are similarities in

science and knowledge about values, namely value

History of Indonesia’s War Independence in Novel Larasati by Pramoedya Ananta Toer: New Historicism Approach

is something that is considered valuable by humans

or groups of humans. A value if lived by someone,

will greatly influence the way of thinking, how to

behave, or how to act in achieving the goals of his

life. The value contained in literary works depends

on the perceptions and understanding that the reader

gets through literary work. Not all perceptions and

understandings are obtained as expected. This value

can only be obtained by the reader if the reading

work touches his feelings.

Good literary works always contain values. The

value is packaged in the form of the structure of

literary work, which implicitly is in the plot, setting,

character, theme, and mandate. In the beginning,

literature was indeed closely related to the problem

of creativity and intense with the imaginary region.

However, in the latter era, with the presence of new

methods in examining literature, it turned out that

the document (works) of literature could be used as a

historical source (historical textbook).These genre

novels have destined history as their object, even

surrendering themselves to swimming in a series of

histories that are often hidden by time spans.The

new role of this literary work is controversial,

because although it could be used as a source of

history, on the other hand the literary work remains

inseparable from its substance imaginative at once

fictitious.According to Kuntowijoyo (in Surur,

2015), history is different from literature in terms of:

ways of working, truth, overall results, and

conclusions.

Historical novel was born as an answer to the

problematic intellectual and literary a time by using

the past as a reflection. Historical reality appears in

historical novels. According to Lukacs (in

Kuntowijoyo, 2005), in historical novels there are

various indicators, namelyhistorical authenticity,

historical faithfulnes, and local colour.Another

opinion expressed by Sumardjo and Saini (1988)

which gives a term in the study of historical values,

namely factual and fictitious terms; more

specifically objective reality (facts) and imaginative

(fictitious) reality.This fact in literature studies is

more prominent when compared to its imaginative

side that imaginative reality created by writers

departs from objective reality.

2.1.1 Objective Reality

Objective reality is a fact that really exists and

occurs in the real world so that it can be verified by

empirical data (Nurgiyantoro, 2009). The presence

or absence of data stated in literary works that are

empirically proven is the one that distinguishes

works of fiction and non-fiction. Events, places, and

figures revealed in fiction can be imaginative,

whereas in non-fictional works such things are

factual. The word fact comes from Latin, namely

factum (past participle form of the word facaere) and

in English is equivalent done as a past participle

form of the word to do. In German, the word has a

meaning for the word alignment factum, ie tatsache

same meaning, which is' already done with real

action (Susanto, 2012). Thus, the fact of having an

understanding as a result of human action, acting

and doing visible.

When associated with facts and fiction, reality

and fabrication in a broad sense, history turns out to

be contrary to literature. As it is known that history

is a reality, a factual event that happened in the past.

While the essence of literature is imagination and

creativity.But, historians and writers see it in a

different perspective. Fact and fiction not to be

contrasted, but combined to find the hidden element

in providing an understanding optimally to each

field of science.True literature is an imaginative

work, but inventions based on reality.Reality as the

nature of history also considers the relevance of

imaginative elements contained (Ratna, 2011).From

that sense, it can be abstracted meaning of facts and

imagination, although it is different and difficult to

put together, both can mutually support each other.

Objective reality (historical facts) in the mind of

history is a realist statement. Historians express

everything by expressing it seriously and

fundamentally. The statement is confirmed by

reality. Conversely, a writer describes facts in free

interpretation so that his imaginary elements change

the meaning of facts. Thus, although three writers

write the same facts, different works will be born.

2.1.2 Imaginative Reality

Literature is the work of the author's imagination.

However, with the capability of understanding on an

issue in depth, imagination structure will provide a

more accurate picture than with science. In the

relation of literature as imaginative works with facts

or reality are very thin because writers first move

from the realist thing and then interpret, explaining

in a work that is of course imaginative. Therefore,

imaginative literature has the authority to provide

information, explanation, understanding, and new

views, and gives meaning to the reality of

life(Spring, 2012).

As a literary genre, novels contain elements that

include authors, content creation, language media,

and intrinsic elements of fiction. Author gives his

ICELS 2019 - International Conference on Education, Language, and Society

presentation with an explanation or commentary,

dialogue or monologue, and behavior (Spring,

2012).Thus, fiction (novel) is an imaginary reality

that is structured such writers of various elements

forming, such as events, conflict, character, and so

on. Fiction can also be an interpretation of events

that occur in the author's imaginary world. Things

that need to be considered here, although fiction is

included in imaginative literature, with a larger

measure of imagination than biography, history, and

memoirs; fiction can also be used as a reflection of

history and is used as a historical reference to actual

events in the past.

When literary works can be used as historical

references, so literature has proven itself as a science

that not only speaks of the issue of creativity and a

series of imagination, but can also function as a

historical document. Moreover, the study of

literature can eventually penetrate the confines of a

binding nature as a science.

2.2 New Historicism Approach

New Historicism was introduced by Greenblatt (in

Carter, 2006) opposites and opposing views Old

Historicism states that "Historicism just did not put

the process of history as something that is

irreversible and inevitable, but he is likely to know

the limits or constraints on individual intervention

"The background of the emergence of New

Historicism is the lack of usefulness of literary

science in people's lives. Literature only examines

texts contained in literary works, both poetry, prose

and novels. The crisis then gave birth to a

development movement by placing literary works as

a cultural product of society, so that they had a

complex historical connection with the dynamics

that occurred in society. The criticism of Levinson

(in Foulcault, 2006) see a masterpiece in the context

of its time and are related to the discourse that

dominates, but do not put it as a kekontemporeran or

worldview of the author: the aim is' to know a work

not as work, or as readers the original or what is

known by its author '.

History is a discourse; perspective and thinking

about the world. This perspective assumes that

history, literature, economics, politics, religion, and

others, are discourses, in which one discourse with

another discourse is interrelated. Greenblatt and

Callagher (in Fathoni, 2013) pay more attention to

New Historicism in five aspects, namely:1) the use

of anecdotes, 2) the use of representations, 3)

interested in the history of the sequence or cluster, 4)

paying attention to small things that are ignored, and

5) ideological skepticallyanalysis.Barry (2010) states

that there are three layers that can be done in an

effort to explain historical phenomena through text.

First, through ideology, namely an academic phase

to unveil the ideology behind the text. Secondly,

through discursive practices that occur in their own

time, namely efforts to explain the practices of

discursiveness that have ever occurred. Through

text, discursive practices can be read, dismantled,

and adequately explained.Third, through discursive

practices that occur today, namely when the text is

in the struggle and struggle of discourse in the

present context.

So far, we understand, although historical studies

can reveal "trends", any historical study cannot

guarantee that the "trend" will continue. In other

words, "trend" does not have "law".Popper (in

Yuliantoro, 2013) considers "the evolution of life on

earth, or from human society, a unique historical

process so that the description of it, however, is not

law, but only a single statement from history". Any

statement that affirms a trend at a particular time and

place will be a single historical statement and not a

universal law.

By emphasizing the link between text and

history, Greenblattt breaks down the tendency of

textual formalist studies in the tradition of ahistorical

new criticism, which sees literature as an

autonomous aesthetic region, separated from aspects

deemed to be "outside" the work (in Budianta, 2006)

Literature, according to the perspective offered by

new historicism, cannot be separated from social,

economic and political praxis because it takes part in

it. Thus, the separation between inside and outside,

extrinsic-intrinsic can not be maintained anymore

because all texts, both literature and non-literary are

products of the same era with various battles of

power and ideology, so different from new criticism

which only examines literary works, new historicism

links between literary and non-literary texts.

Study of New Historicism used is based upon

three basic assumptions, namely: (1) that every

action expressive closely related to the practical

tissue culture material; (2) that literary texts and

non-literary texts circulating are inseparable; (3) that

there is no discourse whatsoever, both fictional and

factual, which gives access to absolute truth and

cannot change or express the nature of humanity

without other alternatives.

History of Indonesia’s War Independence in Novel Larasati by Pramoedya Ananta Toer: New Historicism Approach

3 METHOD

The research method used is qualitative interpretive

with a parallel reading between literary texts on

events which represent the history of the Indonesian

struggle during the independence war (1945-1949)

with historical texts that describe the same events.

The object of the study is limited to objective and

imaginative reality in the novel Larasati by

Pramoedya Ananta Toer using analaisis knife with a

New Historicism approach. The technique used is

content analysis. Content analysis is a technical

analysis of the various sources of information

including printed materials (books, articles, novels,

newspapers, magazines and so on) and non-print

materials, such as music, pictures and objects.

Content analysis begins their analysis by using

certain symbols, classify that data with certain

criteria and perform predictions with specific

analytical techniques as well. Analysis of the data

used in this study is an interactive model. This

interactive data analysis consists of data collection,

data reduction, data and conclusions or data

verification.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Larasati's novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer

generally presents the historical reality during the

war for independence, namely the struggle to

continue to uphold independence. In this novel

described the situation in the early throes of the

Indonesian revolution of independence is erratic due

to the lack of stability of power. On the one hand,

the de jure Indonesia is a nation that has been

independent, but on the other hand the Dutch power

remains. For some people this kind of situation is

actually used to seek personal gain, but some people

actually burn their nationalist spirit (Wicaksono,

2018a).

So even Setiawan (2007) in a study called the

Larasati in the novel called by the name of Ara is a

very famous movie star. With hir social status, she

should be able to do anything for her own interests.

In reality, invaders desperately need a figure that

will be used as a tool to influence and even instill the

thoughts of invaders against colonized people. The

medium of film is very effective medium compared

to other media in the insert ideology, thoughts,

attitudes, and behavior of the colonized against the

colonized. The offer is very tempting for anyone,

even for Larasati that she said“...dalam

bayangannya terbentang dari depan gilang-

gemilang” ("... in his shadow stretching from the

front glittering"). However, Ara quickly realized and

continued to express her opposition to the invaders.

She does not want to sell her homeland. This attitude

is reinforced by the expression as follows.

“Tapi biar bagaimanapun,aku tidak akan

berkhianat. Aku juga punya tanah air. Jelek-jelek

tanah airku sendiri, bumi dan manusia yang

menghidupi aku selama ini. Cuma binatang ikut

Belanda” (Ananta Toer,2002:13)

("But after all, I will not betray. I also have a

homeland. The bad things are my own homeland,

the earth and the people who have supported me all

this time. Only animals join the Netherlands")

Larasati figures who represent 'fighters' from the

republic's stronghold want to gain independence in

the real sense, have two views, namely the idea of

independence as a nation that wants to be de facto

and de jure recognized as a state and freedom of self

(Wicaksono, 2018b)

“Setiap republikein mestinya republikein sejati.

Satu kesalahan bisa membuat dia jadi khianat

tanpa maunya sendri. Kapan kau berangkat ke

Jakarta?” (Ananta Toer,2002:22)

("Every representation should be a true

replicator. One mistake can make him betrayed

without himself. When did you leave for Jakarta?

"(Ananta Toer, 2002: 22)

The nation's warriors are happy to be called as

republikein, the Republikein as the Unitary State of

the Republic of Indonesia which aims to achieve the

ideals of the August 17 1945 Proclamation is Res

Publika, ‘Only for the public interest; prioritize the

Public Interest '(Arif, 2015). The word republikein

comes from the Dutch language whose meaning

remains loyal to the Republic of Indonesia and

opposes the NICA / Netherlands Indies Civil

Administration. In practice, the Republikein has two

categories, namely cooperative and non-cooperative.

Non-cooperatives are represented in fighters and

youth who prefer to fight in the vanguard of the

elders who fight from behind the negotiating table

and political lobbies.

Literary works are the result of the culture of the

community so that they have a complex historical

connection with the dynamics that occur in society.

One of the main characters is Foulcaut. His two

main works, namely The Archeology of Knowledge

and History of Madness, explain that the truth of

knowledge is culturally a subjective truth. In

addition, his exploration of the concept of insanity

came to the conclusion that truth has a close

connection with power.

ICELS 2019 - International Conference on Education, Language, and Society

There are historical truths that are expressed

fictitiously, such as the mention of characters (which

actually exist in the world). But, the name is

disguised from the actual mention. In the Larasati

novel there are figures "Colonel Surjo Santoso and

Chaidir and Jassir". Both names represent real

figures, namely Suryo Sentono, Chairil Anwar, and

H.B. Jassin.

“Tetap, tuan kolonel. Semua dimulai dan

diakhiri di bawah lindungan laras Meriam tuan

kolonel Surjo Sentono- maaf, tuan kolonel Surjo

Sentono.” (Ananta Toer,2002:64)

("Still, sir, colonel. All began and ended under

the protection of the barrel of the gun, Mr.

Colonel Surjo Sentono, sorry, Mr. Colonel Surjo

Sentono.")

Suryo Santoso is the Colonel of the KNIL, the

supreme leader of the NICA (Dutch) artillery. In the

novel, this character is disguised under the name

Surjo Sentono. But it was intentional that

Pramoedya mentioned the name Surjo Santoso.

Surjo Santoso is the highest rank Inlander soldier

who reaches the rank of Colonel. He got the rank

after choosing to join NICA instead of supporting a

newly independent Indonesia. This was revealed by

Didi Kartasasmita (in Hutagalung, 2010: 123) who

heard that some KNIL officers had stood behind

NICA, such as Colonel Suryo Santoso. Then the

Dutch were given the command to lead the bombing

forces or artillery battalions at Jagamonyet, Jakarta

(Matanasi, 2012: 98).

“Bagus! Bagus sekali! Kolonel Drest

menyambung sambil tertawa ramah. “En,

bagaimana pendapat kolonel Surjo Santoso?”

kolonel artileri itu menggeleng.(Ananta

Toer,2002:64)

("Nice! Very good! Colonel Drest connected

while laughing kindly. "En, how about colonel

Surjo Santoso?" The artillery colonel shook his

head.)

The name SuryoSentono in the novel Larasati is

a manifestation of a real character, namely Suryo

Santoso, a NICA officer who during the pre-

independence period was a KNIL Lieutenant. Suryo

Santoso is a KNIL officer who refused to join the

Republic of Indonesia and entered the TNI and

entered NICA.

Raden Mas Sardjono Soeria Santoso is a

biological child of the Ethical Politics. He came

from East Java and tasted Western-style secondary

school. Until he was accepted into the Royal

Netherlands Military Academy, the Koninklijk

Militaire Academie (KMA), in Breda. According to

Harry Albert Poeze (in Matanasi, 2018),

SoeriaSantoso was the first Javanese to be accepted

by KMA Breda in 1918. After independence, he

preferred to be Dutch. He was the highest-ranking

officer of the "native" blood who in this novel

served in the field of field artillery, similar to

historical reality.

In this context, Wiyatmi (2012) illustrates that

New Historicism offers renewal in seeing literary

relations with history. Literature in this case is not

only seen as a mirror that transparently and

passively reflects the culture of its people, but

literature also contributes to building, articulating

and reproducing conventions, norms, and cultural

values through verbal actions and creative

imagination. The above view is reinforced by

Susanto's findings (2012). According to him,

literature is also considered a cultural product that

represents the reality of the surrounding society in

its time. Such a view is considered that literature is

an illustration of the age as engineering, not as a fact

so that the literary picture is only in the form of

footage of past events. In fact, the presence of actual

events or past reality is not considered a fact, but as

fiction or fantasy.

Furthermore, the realist figure revealed in the

Larasati novel is the character of Khairil Anwar.

However, in the story disguised as Chaidir.

Diameninggal! Dia – Revolusi itu sendiri! Dan

aku – aku sendiri telah patah dua di sini. Aku –

Revolusi itu sendiri juga, seperti kata Chaidir.

Apa nasibnya Revolusi kemudian? Chaidirmati.

Chaidir anak kerempeng bermata merah itu

(Ananta Toer, 2002: 147).

(He died! He - the revolution itself! And I - I've

broken two myself here. I - the Revolution itself

too, as Chaidir said. What is the fate of the

Revolution then? Chaidir is dead. Chaidir is a

red-eyed skinny child).

Chaidir is a poet who once met Ara in Yogya.

An artist who has the spirit to fight to help

revolution with art, but many leaders who doubt and

play down the role of art in revolution. His meeting

with Chaidir influenced Ara in looking at and

interpreting the revolution. Revolution needs

everything, anything that people can give to the

revolution must be accepted and not rejected. In

Chaidir's view, the fall of Yogya was in the hands of

the Dutch due to arrogant and disrespectful leaders.

When reading the name of the character

"Chaidir" who was an artist and died during the

independence war in the novel Larasati, it was

revealed that "name" had a cognate word (term in

contrastive linguistics) with the name "Chairil

Anwar". This figure is known by the Indonesian

History of Indonesia’s War Independence in Novel Larasati by Pramoedya Ananta Toer: New Historicism Approach

people as one of the greatest poets that Indonesia has

ever had. He is a poet of the class of '45. On April

28, 1949, Chairil died. There are several versions of

the pain. But certainly, chronic tuberculosis and

syphilis at the age of 27 years. From the newspaper

news, Ara found out that her fellow artists had died,

Chaidir. With Chaidir's death, for him, the

revolution itself died.

Di bawah koran Belanda itu tergelar harian

Fajar, yang dikeluarkan oleh RVD (Jawatan

Penerangan Pemerintah Belanda). Di sebuah

pojok terdapat berita kecil “Penyair Chaidir

Meninggal” dan di bawahnya “Bekas, Perdana

Menteri … berpidato pada upacara

penguburannya.” (Ananta Toer,2002: 152)

Then the real figure who was not revealed was

Hans Bague Jassin or better known as H.B. Jassin, a

literary critic popular with the Japanese occupation

and the beginning of Indonesian independence, and

he also ordained Chairil Anwar as a pioneer of the

Literature Force ‘45. Then also mentioned the name

of another 1945 writer and critic, namely Zuber

Usman.

“Mari kita temui Jassir, kritikus sastra kita.

Sesedah itu Uzman. Kau sudah lama kenal dia.

Mereka sudah punya rombongan sandiwara

amatir.”

“Amatir?” Ara tertawa terbahak. (Ananta Toer,

2002: 89)

("Let's meet Jassir, our literary critic. As fun as

Uzman. You have known him for a long time.

They already have amateur theater groups. "

"Amateur?" Ara burst out laughing.)

From the reality in terms of characterization, the

following is discussed the historical reality of the

setting and events. The setting of the story of the

novel Larasati is dominant in Jakarta in the range of

1949. In addition, it is also called an area or place

that refers to historical settings and events, including

the city of Bekasi after the Dutch and Yogyakarta

occupied by the Dutch.

Nanti juga—di bumi penjajahan. Bekasi yang

bakal menentukan! Bekasi! Tapi biar

bagaimanapun aku tidak akan berkhianat. Aku

juga punya tanah air(Ananta Toer, 2002: 13)

“Lupakan, lupakan yang di seberang kali Bekasi

sana. Kau seniman. Seniman mesti netral kalua

ada sengketa politik atau meliter. Seni

selamanya untuk seni.”(Ananta Toer, 2002: 38)

(Later too - on earth colonization.Bekasi that will

determine! Bekasi! But in any case I will not

betray. I also have a homeland)

("Forget it, forget the one on the other side of

Bekasi there. You're an artist. Artists must be

neutral if there is a political dispute or meliter.

Art forever for art).

Bekasi was in ruins, the houses were burned to

the ground, the corpses were lying under the cover

of NICA soldiers. The beginning of the Bekasi battle

was triggered by the killing of 26 people, consisting

of crew and passengers of a British-owned aircraft

that landed in an emergency in the middle of rice

fields in the RawaGatal area, Cakung. His body was

buried in the former Tangsi of the Dutch police in

Bekasi. General Christison called on the government

of the Republic of Indonesia to immediately return

the prisoners. If Bekasi is not to be made a sea of

fire.

The incident that occurred on December 13,

1945, has destroyed the City of Bekasi, West Java.

More than 3,000 houses were burned by British

soldiers who were then joined in Allied forces. The

brutal actions of the British army were criticized by

the international community (Imelda Sari and Adi

Amir, 2006).

Moving the events of the fall of the city of

Yogyakarta to the Dutch. News on the radio gave a

picture of the dire situation, Yogya fell. Yogyakarta

is the last base of defense for the Indonesian camp.

After Jakarta was occupied by the Allies and the

Netherlands, the capital moved to Yogya, along with

the president and representatives along with national

ministry and army staff.

Berita-berita dari radio kian lama kian banyak

menggambarkan tentang bentrokan-bentrokan

bersenjata. Mula-mula di dekat Yogya, kemudian

di sebelah baratnya. Dan makin lama makin

banyak terjadi ke arah barat. Bila tempat-tempat

bentrokan tersebut ditandai, dan diberi garis,

akan nampak garis yang terus-menerus menuju

ke arah barat dari Yogya menuju ke Jakarta

(Ananta Toer,2002: 162).

... Berita tentang kompromi antara revolusi dan

kontra-revolusi akan melahirkan negara

Indonesia Serikat... (Ananta Toer,2002: 170).

(The news from the radio increasingly illustrates

the armed clashes. First near Yogya, then to the

west. And more and more it happens to the west.

If the places of the clash are marked, and given a

line, there will be a continuous line going west

from Yogya to Jakarta).

(...News about the compromise between

revolution and counter-revolution will give birth

to the United States of Indonesia).

Ara wants to write the truth in history. The

history of its own version is not contaminated by

istanasentris and inheritance of feudal systems

ICELS 2019 - International Conference on Education, Language, and Society

that always favor the government, that the

government is always right, policies that are

proclaimed and / or launched are always true and

widely recognized by its citizens. What became

Ara's thinking did not come purely from her

thoughts and reflection, but there was

involvement from another perspective, in this

case was the perception of her artist friend,

Chaidir.“Seluruh kedudukan yang enak diambil

orang-orang tua. Mereka hanya pandai korupsi.

Rencana-rencanaku kandas di laci-laci. Tapi kau

tahu sendiri-itu semua di Yogya lebih banyak ku

kira. Angkatan tua itu sungguh-sungguh

bobrok!” (Toer, 2003: 22)

("The whole position is good for old people.

They are only good at corruption. My plans ran

aground in drawers. But you know for yourself -

I think all in Yogya. The old generation is really

dilapidated!")

Pramoedya Ananta Toer in this revolutionary

novel is not only recording heroic stories of heroism,

but also completing with the hypocrisy of the

revolutionaries, sluggishness, talk of many but

empty of leaders, betrayal, and a bunch of love

stories.

New historicism views history or the world

referred to by literary works as not merely a

coherent and unified background that is

transparently accessible. Historical reality is no

longer single and absolute, but consists of various

versions that are full of contradictions,

disconnections, plurality, and diversity. So, the

relation between history and literature is the

intertextual connection between various texts

(fiction and factual) that are reproduced in the same

or different periods of time (Wiyatmi (2012). From a

part of Larasati's journey from Padalaman

(Yogyakarta) to the Occupied area (Jakarta) it was

photographed how Republican humans viewed

revolution.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the findings of the data and discussion

above, the following are conclusions from the results

of the studies that have been analyzed. The form of

historical reality (objective reality-imaginative)

contained in the novel Larasati by Pramoedya

Ananta Toer is considered effective in exploring and

exploring the phenomenon of literary texts. The

historical reality during the independence war was

the struggle to continue to uphold independence. In

this novel depicted the situation of the upheaval of

the Indonesian revolution from the point of view of

women fighters who were not only fighting with

arms, but also determinating to uphold

independence. Larasati wants to obtain complete

independence, namely independence as a nation that

wants to be de facto and de jure recognized as a state

and independence for its own person.

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