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learning models is strongly influenced by the subjects
or material to be taught, the objectives to be achieved
in learning and the level of ability of students.
Graphic art is a branch of art that provides a lot of
exploratory space that artists can use so they can
achieve a certain aesthetic and have a distinctive
character. The maturity of a graphic art work can be
assessed from the quality of the artist's technical
exploration and the ideas that are revealed. Graphic
art, like all branches of art, is consciously using
creative skills and imagination to create aesthetic
objects (Supriyanto, 2005: 4).
Design is the process of making and
communicating ideas or ideas in visual form. Basic
principles such as contrast, grouping, proximity,
similarity, continuation, and unity, provide
arrangements for elements such as points, lines and
fields, colors, textures and space. The main purpose
of design is to combine all these components into a
harmony to achieve a unity.
Design elements are objects such as logos, icons,
text blocks, and photos that are included in a web
page with a certain composition. These elements must
be grouped and arranged to create a meaning in two-
dimensional space. Most designers classify or
compile these elements based on a set of guidelines
for designing two-dimensional fields called design
principles. So, elements are objects and design
principles are guidelines for placing objects in a
layout known as composition. These principles are
referred to as "tools" from visual designers. However,
as in every discipline, it's not enough to just follow
the rules. A designer needs to know how to make
meaningful compositions. Understanding design
principles is only the first step in developing and
creating a design.
In addition to the previously reviewed studies
there are several relevant studies the authors can
summarize in the following publications:
P. Kavitha. The results of the study show that
web-based online learning innovations are
indispensable in the field of online education
(international research in innovative computer and
communication engineering: India, 2007).
Wen-ling shin. The results showed that online
learning online learning can improve the
effectiveness of student learning, motivation to learn,
and interest in learning, and encourage self-
development and teamwork (National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung City: Taiwan, 2017).
Atiya Khan. The results of the study show that
using ICT can develop professional English language
teachers in Mumbai (RMIT University: Australia,
2017)
Renee Crowford, Louise Jenkins, The results of
the study show that online learning can create flexible
learning and reduce faculty budgets, and create the
effectiveness of teaching and learning (Australasia
journal of educational technology: Australia, 2017).
Kwok-wing Lai, Lee A. Smith. The results
showed that about 90% of students at Smith
University of Otago in New Zealand conducted
informal learning to support formal learning, digital
technology used in formal learning, namely lap-top,
computers, and cell phones, while informal learning
was used to access the internet and use tools. online
tools such as Google and Wikipedia (Australasian
journal of educational technology: New Zealand,
2017).
Ching Sing Chai, et al. The results of the study
showed that from 223 teachers in Singapore, TPAK's
(pedagogical abilities and technological abilities)
were related to the belief and distinctive design skills
of teachers, this study showed that teachers' beliefs
about learning and their design capacity would
change with the success of their TPACK
(Australasian journal of teacher education:
Singapore, 2017).
4 METHODOLOGY
The research method used is development research,
also known as R & D (Research and Development).
In the field of education, R & D is directed at
developing products that are effective for school
needs, and are applied research. This research
emphasizes change and improvement (what works
better), rather than why, and emphasizes its
usefulness in education. (Gall et al, 2007: 186-187).
Borg & Gall stated that research and development
procedures basically consisted of two main
objectives, namely developing products and testing
the effectiveness of products in achieving goals. The
first goal leads to development and the second goal as
a validation function (Gall et al, 2007: 589-590).
To get the data needed in this study, data
collection techniques are used in the form of
interviews, questionnaires, observations, and tests or
testing of student learning outcomes. Whereas to
analyze data used qualitative data analysis.
Analysis of qualitative data is presented by using
words in the form of narrative texts, graphs and
charts. While the process is based on three lines of
activities that are intertwined in an integrated manner,
namely; data reduction, data presentation, and
conclusion or verification.
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