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Indonesian teenagers. Manga has just merely
influenced the fans in a negative way against the
original culture’s common sense. Moreover, the
worst case is the teenagers themselves never never
been realized of the tendency for themselves – the
cultural immerse by its Manga reading, for example
imitating the fashion of the Manga characters such as
“harajuku style”, “sailor moon”, or “pinion-mimi
hair style” etc. In this way, teenagers have been the
“central object” of Manga translation into the fashion
industry as well. Furthermore, Manga on the market
may be inappropriate for their young age. For
example Josei Manga is for women (adult) purposes
only, it is frequently consumed by teenager readers.
(Donovan, 2010) This situation requires a quicker
improvement in reversing the negative impact of
reading Manga translations to produce more results
for fans or readers especially for young Manga
lovers. This background has influenced me to
conduct further research on the impact of Manga's
translation into Japanese cross-cultural
understanding well. By highlighting the dynamic
equivalence of translation, this research is expected
to contribute to the improvement of translation
material to provide a thorough and accurate
understanding of aspects of Japanese culture. The
choice of dynamic equality of translations as my
research topic is due to the important role of dynamic
equality in handling translated and untranslated
translation material for cultural context. Then the
efforts of translator to apply the proper dynamic
equivalence in their translation works need a
professional skill level of translation. (Puspitasari,
2014) The Nida’s concept of intelligibility of
translation has been worldwide adopted particularly
in dealing with the cultural text and religious textual
translation. (Toury, 2013; Farghani,2014) This study
may differ from previous relevant studies in terms of
perspective viewpoints in taking advantage of the
concept of dynamic equality of translation in a
cultural context to accelerate the solution of cross-
cultural issues.This study tried to elaborate the
dynamic equivalence concept to be more applicable
in translation practices to enhance the theoretical
concept to be more practical purposed. This study
tried to propose three principal points of dynamic
equivalence to guide the translator to enhance the
quality of their translation result.
Manga by combining pictures and words will be
very easy to read in the same way as children's
picture books. It might employ sophisticated
narrative techniques and cover complex subjects that
are essential in developing information about the real
world. With this particular characteristic of Manga, I
do believe it must be something to do with Manga to
be explored more rather than just for ‘entertainment
reading’ itself. Instead of keeping away the young
reader from Manga fictions, it is more wise to
exploit Fiction of Manga to be ‘something’ that will
enrich the perspectives of the young readers.
(Tourance and Donovan, 2008) “Viewing translated
text as a system in their own right creates the
opportunity to recognize something different,
wonder about something that baffles, meet someone
interesting, learn something new, or see something
beautiful ” (Venuti, 2013). All of these are about the
real world. The entity of real world is the realm the
most attractive world. The real world is rich,
fascinating, and compelling (Muller, 2017). And
fiction will be the best genre that let children explore
and understand the real world (Jhonson, 2017).
To make the ‘fiction’ become part of the young
Manga fans ‘understanding’ of the real world, this
needs more effort to outline the research into the
current state of Manga fiction translators and their
current practices. This spotlight is focused on
teenagers who translate reading material as one
source. This is so young teenagers who translate
manga readers get information about Japanese
culture. As an object of research, I took one of the
well-known Manga comics that has become
Indonesian titled TopengKaca (The Glass Mask). In
point of fact, the fans of this manga’s translation
were not only teenagers (Marsellia, 2012).
The journey of exploration of the manga’s
translation book “TopengKaca” volume 1 is
beginning, but several errors in the translation have
been identified. The errors of translation were
suspected to lead the young teenager readers to have
wrong interpretation about the translated content of
the book. In this condition, this will lead them to the
wrong interpretation of their respective cross-
Japanese cultures.
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
The dynamic equivalence is the concept of
translation which is introduced by Nida in the first
time. The essence of the concept is the intelligibility
of translation. Such intelligibility is not, however, to
be measured merely in terms of whether the words
are understandable and the grammatically
constructed, but in terms of the total impact the
message has on the one who receives it. The
translator, who is both receptor and source, first
receives message (M1), as if he was a Receptor 1
(R1), and then produces in a totally different
Dynamic Equivalence in Manga (Japanese Comics): Translation into Indonesian from the Cultural Context
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