PP No. 11 Years 1979 about Occupational Safety for the Puriﬁcation and

Management of Petroleum and Gas: Integrated into Occupational Safety

and Health (OSH) Policy

Amiroel Oemara Syarief

Department of Industry, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Dumai, Jl. Utama Karya Bukit Batrem II Dumai, Riau, Indonesia

Keywords:

OSH policy, PP No. 11 Years 1979, Puriﬁcation and Management of Petroleum and Gas

Abstract:

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) becomes a public policy that can protect workers in both the formal

and informal sectors. The OSH policy can prevent the possibility of accidents and occupational illness and

ensure the integrity and perfection of both the physical and spiritual workforce. This research aims to identify

and analyze OSH policy against PP No. 11 Years 1979 Occupational Safety on the puriﬁcation and processing

of petroleum and gas. This type of research is a normative (juridical) legal research that aims to examine legal

principles, legal systematics, proper synchronization, legal history, and legitimate comparisons using a method

of statutory approach. The results showed that the OSH problem is not on the existence of legislation itself,

but government supervision is still weak about the implementation of OSH according to PP No. 11 the year

1979 on the puriﬁcation and processing of petroleum and gas. Also, the awareness, support, and involvement

of operations management against the efforts of Hazard control are verylacking.

1 INTRODUCTION

Sustainability of Occupational Safety and Health

(OSH) integration is critical to the useful (realization

of increase working productivity (Schulte et al.,

). Industry competition requires the company

to increase working productivity through an

occupational health and Safety Program (OSH)

applied by the company. According to Okky in

(G. and Nugraheni, 2013) Occupational Safety

and Health (OSH) is a program created by the

government that has to be followed and implemented

by entrepreneurs and workers in an effort to prevent

a work accident with Identify potential accidents

and occupational diseases and anticipatory actions

in cases of accidents and occupational illness.

Safety, health, and welfare people closely related

to occupational safety and Health (OSH) in work.

It aims to promote and maintain the mental and

social welfare of workers as part of adaptation to the

working environment (Micheli et al., 2018) The goal

is to create a comfortable and healthy workplace that

can suppress as low as a possible risk of accidents and

disease. Efforts that have been made to minimize the

risk of workplace accidents in construction become a

concern until now that the critical component of risk

management for the industry is Occupational Health

(OSH) (Zhao et al., 2016). Occupational Health and

Safety (OSH) is an effort to protect workers and other

people entering the workplace against the dangers of

disasters. Even cancel the risk of illness and work

accident (CAC) and improve worker health so that

the productivity of work increases (Purnomo et al.,

2018).

Conditions that occur in the ﬁeld on safety

issues and occupational accidents in Indonesia are

still often ignored; this can see from the still high

number of occupational accidents. Manpower Social

Security Administering Agency (BPJS) records the

number of occupational accidents in Indonesia tends

to continue to increase. A total of 123 thousand

cases of occupational accidents recorded throughout

2017. Total work accidents in 2017 as many as

123 thousand cases with a claim value of Rp 971

billion. This ﬁgure increased from 2016 with a

claim value of only Rp 792 billion. Also, based

on data obtained in the year 2017, there is a

working accident in PT. Pertamina RU V Balikpapan

Two people have suffered severe burns due to the

generating to get medical treatment in hospital. The

form of efforts to create a safe, healthy, free of

occupational accident and occupational disease and

environmental pollution-free to increase productivity

140

Syarief, A.

PP No. 11 Years 1979 about Occupational Safety for the Puriﬁcation and Management of Petroleum and Gas: Integrated into Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Policy.

DOI: 10.5220/0009096501400145

In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Social, Economy, Education and Humanity (ICoSEEH 2019) - Sustainable Development in Developing Country for Facing Industrial

Revolution 4.0, pages 140-145

ISBN: 978-989-758-464-0

is to be the implementation of occupational health

and Safety (OSH). The design, implementation, and

evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)

have become a destination in legislation (McNamara

et al., 2017). As mandated in government regulation

No. 11 years 1979 about occupational safety on

the puriﬁcation and processing of petroleum and gas

reads:

• The work of installation, maintenance, and repair

of electrical installations shall only be carried

out by or under the supervision of the expert

appointed by the Head of engineering.

• The work intended in paragraph (1) can do against

the aircraft and the distributor being envied

the low voltage electric current by heeding the

accident precautions. Work with the high-voltage

electrical current on aircraft and envy distributors

are forbidden to perform jobs on aircraft

As for this research is to identify and analyze OSH

policy against PP No. 11 Years 1979 Occupational

Safety on the puriﬁcation and processing of petroleum

and gas.

2 METHODS

This research is normative (juridical) law, which

aims to examine the principles of law, legal

systematics, proper synchronization, legal history,

and legitimate comparisons using the approach. The

approach conducted by analyzing the OSH policy

in government regulation No. 11 Years 1979 about

occupational safety on the puriﬁcation and processing

of petroleum and gas.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

Indonesian state is the legal state. Development

in the ﬁeld of law is a necessity as an unavoidable

consequence. It is a constitutional foundation that

Indonesia is a country based on the law, the code

place as the only rule of play in the Life of society,

nation, and State (supremacy of law). The opening

act of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia

year 1945 mandated that the State and Government

were established to protect all nations and land of

Indonesia’s blood, educate the nation’s life, and the

general welfare. The government in a country must

have the highest authority (supreme) and unlimited.

The consequence of Indonesia as a welfare country,

the state must intervene in people’s lives, including

meddling in the ﬁeld of employment.

According to Ismail Sunny in (Charda,

2015), provisions of article 27 sentence (2)

CONSTITUTION 1945 above is a paper

constitutional or a semantic constitutional by

recognizing the right of citizens to get the job, then,

in fact, Indonesia has determined and decided to

eliminate unemployment, so the country dared to put

the article in its Constitution. Meanwhile, in Law No.

13 of the year 2003 further governing the direction

of government policy in the development of labor

law is to involve the business element of the world

and the community, conducting the construction of

all Employment-related activities are carried out

in an integrated and coordinated. Under Law No.

13 of 2003, that known the legislator requires the

creation of a law that provides legal protection to the

workforce, given its essential role and position as

Actors and development objectives.

Labour must obtain legal protection against safety

in work for the welfare of life and increase production

and national productivity. Based on the law of

the Republic of Indonesia No. 13, 2003 on

employment Chapter X Section 5 of the paragraph

of the Occupational Health and safety, in chapters 85

and 86 shall be governed by the rights of workers

to occupational health and safety and the company’s

obligations to implement occupational health and

safety management. Occupational health and safety

is an essential part of labor protection, therefore in

its implementation, occupational safety and Health

(OSH) is a crucial element to be considered and

implemented optimally Maybe that the risk of

accident work on the construction can reduce to a

minimum (Hidayat et al., 2014). Therefore, the

application of occupational health and safety (OSH)

in the construction projects of the building must be

made correctly and adequately by the provisions of

the legislation. Regarding the requirements of the

bill can be seen in government regulation number 11

Years 1979 Occupational Safety on puriﬁcation and

processing of oil and gas, there is an OSH policy in

article 8 reads:

• The workplace must be clean and well

maintained.

• The workplace must be equipped with proper

illumination by the requirements of occupational

safety and health.

• The workspace must have appropriate ventilation

adjusted to the number of people, and the air

condition contained in the room.

• The workroom must arrange, so that the noise

is below the speciﬁed threshold or if it is not

achievable, the workers must equip with personal

PP No. 11 Years 1979 about Occupational Safety for the Puriﬁcation and Management of Petroleum and Gas: Integrated into Occupational

Safety and Health (OSH) Policy

141

protective equipment.

• The workspace must be reachable and abandoned

quickly and securely through particular doors and

must be well maintained.

• An appropriate place for emergencies should be

available rescue tools to suit the needs.

Based on Government Regulation No. 11 Years

1979 about occupational safety in the puriﬁcation

and processing of oil and Gas, there is OSH policy

in article 8 that the workplace should be clean and

well maintained. According to (Busyairi et al.,

2014) The company must understand that safety of

good work is to give employees a personal protective

equipment, pay attention to the condition of the

work tools, do maintenance tools, provide suitable

raw materials, Provide good lighting on the job site,

as well as cleanliness and maintained order. The

hygiene-well-maintained workspace makes the job

fun, easy, and fast. One of the ways to manage

the workplace is to move items that are no longer

needed and maintain cleanliness by storing goods in a

suitable place neatly for easy retrieval.

For the workplace must be supplemented with

proper illumination, by the terms of occupational

safety and health, allowing the workforce to see the

work meticulously, quickly and without unnecessary

effort. Adequate and well-arranged lighting will also

help create a safe and comfortable work environment.

The background of external human experiences

such as light, sound, temperature, color, and other

natural elements related to the environment, described

according to Potter & Perry in (Kristian et al., 2018).

According to Brewer and Sakai (Prayoga, 2014),

Symptoms include headaches, decreased intellectual

ability, concentration, and speed of thought. Poor

lighting can lead to eye fatigue by diminishing power

of work efﬁciency, mental fatigue, sore complaints

in the eye area and headaches around the eye, visual

impairment, and increased accidents. The potential

of poor lighting can prevent or reduce, workplace

lighting must be eligible to do the job. In-workplace

lighting improvements, results are seen directly in

improving productivity and reducing errors while

working. Direct light tends to be comfortable with

the number 200, which is a safe boundary of comfort

(Kristian et al., 2018).

Furthermore, the workspace must have proper

ventilation adjusted to the number of people, and

the air condition contained in the room. Indoor

air quality is primarily determined by the use of

the KOLOWA ventilation so that the movement of

air from outer space to the place becomes easy

(Vidyautami et al., 2015). Based on the research

conducted by Indrani in (Pandiangan et al., 2013) The

existence of ventilation on buildings in the tropics

is very important for thermal comfort and role in

supporting the increase of productive working time.

The dimensions of ventilation openings designed

according to (Pandiangan et al., 2013) are 24 x 1.25

meters for the northern wall and 23 x 1.25 meters

for the west wall and at a height of 3 meters above

the factory ﬂoor to be able to improve the comfort In

working mainly for production rooms using machines

that emit heat.

Also, the noise factor affects OSH so that workers

need personal protective equipment. Based on the

data from the WHO in (Dewanty and Sudarmaji,

2015) is known that the hearing loss due to noise is

the second most work caused by a lifetime accident.

The machine has noise with high strength sound.

The negative impact it brings to the employee is the

noise. This condition can result in hearing loss known

as Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Hearing-impaired

due to noise or Noise-Induced Hearing Loss is a

hearing loss arising from repeated exposure, and

long can be chronic that is after working more than

10-15 years according to Adding in (Dewanty et al.,

2015). Research conducted by (Fithri and Annisa,

2015) several factors, namely environment inﬂuenced

noise disturbance, inspection, and human. Noise

level measurements are not routine and less thorough.

Noise level is due to lack of human resources to

perform noise measurements and when measurements

are carried out only in a few samples, not exhaustive.

While in terms of human, time is exposed to the noise

of workers too long, this is because noise does not

correspond to the level of noise that occurred expose

the length of the worker. Also, many workers ignore

personal protective equipment (PPE) on the grounds

of discomfort when working with PPE, and a long

working period for senior workers. Actual hearing

loss can prevent in the following ways:

• Using an ear protector

Using earplugs when working with high noise

exposure is the most signiﬁcant preventative

effort. You can use an earplug or earmuff that has

an NRR (Noise Reduction Rate) value according

to the noise value in the work area or with the

largest NRR.

• Know the work area with high noise risk

Not all workers carry a Sound Level Meter (Noise

level gauge) or Noise Dosimeter (noise gauge for

personal monitoring) at work, so they do not know

the magnitude of the noise frequency in the work

area. Therefore, the company should install the

ear protective safety sign for a working area with a

high noise level exceeding 85 dBA. Also, workers

should even know which areas of work can pose a

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risk of hearing loss due to noise.

• Technical control in Sound source

Work Area with a noise level above 85 dBA for

8 hours, 40 hours per week, the law requires

companies to reduce the level of noise in the area.

The control of techniques in sound sources is

entirely sufﬁcient for reducing noise.

The workspace must be reachable and abandoned

quickly and securely through particular doors and

must be well maintained. A workspace is a place to

spend most of the time each day. Because of this, it

is essential to create a healthy working environment

to make the workers feel comfortable. But not only

that, the healthy working environment turns out to

have a signiﬁcant beneﬁt for the company. In the

event of emergency or employee work accident can

quickly enter and leave the workspace immediately

through particular doors so as not to inﬂict casualties.

The infrastructure needed is a means of an exit for

the building dwellers, methods of the entrance of

the Fire Brigade/ambulance, plywood, assembly area,

Technical command post. The required facilities

include a page hydrant, a building hydrant, water that

is minimal for a 30-minute blackout, an APAR, an

alarm system, a detector, and a pressurized blower

for the emergency stairs. The particular place for

emergencies should be available rescue tools that suit

the needs of many companies that still underestimate

the safety, health, and safety procedures. The

position of the body (ergonomics) and the location

of work aids in the ofﬁce is very close to work

productivity. The provision of facilities and work,

accident management equipment, is necessary to

protect all assets of the company, especially the safety

of all employees who are an essential part of the

process of production. Emergency response facilities

are indispensable for the rescue of building dwellers

and assets of ofﬁce buildings.

In the implementation of OSH policy based

on PP No. 11, Years 1979 still has not been

observed by some companies and not yet integrated

so that the application of course not useful. The

company has been implementing occupational safety

and health, but there are still cases of occupational

accidents. According to research (Aryantiningsih

and Husmaryuli, 2015), the company has prepared

the APD, but always, many workers do not use the

complete APD. APD is due to the size or size of

the inappropriate APD as well as the hot working

environment making workers feel uncomfortable in

using. Additionally, the provision of the APD

depends on each type of work but the APD provided

by the same company for each unit of work.

Pangka Sugar Factory installation unit still has a

working accident case which annually. The factory

has set rules always to use the PPE when working

and the provision of the PPE in each unit of work has

been following the required, but the self-awareness of

workers did not exist to use the APD for their safety

with the reason APD damaged and have not bought

APD. Based on the results of the study (Aﬁni et al.,

2012) showed that the characteristics of the worker’s

personality have less excellent features in working

and violating the rules that have been established by

the Pangka sugar factory. Also, the K3 training held

that have not been routinely carried out by the factory

is not thoroughly followed by workers because the K3

trainees’ representatives supported of each section. In

addition to the use of PPE and K3 training, noise is

still a distraction for workers while working. Whereas

every year do noise measurement reported to the head

ofﬁce. But the fact of ﬁeld obtained noise level is still

under the raw for the condition 8 hours working IE

53.8 dBA.

From the case of work accident above in

the implementation encountered obstacles and

constraints. There are macro barriers (at the national

level) there are micro barriers (within the company)

consist of:

• Macro Barriers

– The government

There is still a lack of problems in coaching

(formal & non-formal), guidance (Information

Services, standards, Code of Practice),

supervision (regulation, monitoring/monitoring

and sanctions against violations).

– Technology

Technological developments need to anticipate

to minimize or eliminated at all with the

utilization of skills in the area of hazard control.

– Social culture

The existence of social culture gaps in the

form of low discipline and public awareness of

occupational safety issues. Insurance policies

that are not oriented to hazard control, behavior

of people who have not fully understood the

dangers that exist in the industry with advanced

technology as well as the culture of ”relaxed”

and ”no matter” from the community or in other

words there is no ”culture” put safety in the

society/workers.

• Micro Barrier

– awareness, support, and involvement

The knowledge, support, and involvement of

operations management against the effort of

Hazard control felt still very lacking. This

situation will be culturally ranging from the

PP No. 11 Years 1979 about Occupational Safety for the Puriﬁcation and Management of Petroleum and Gas: Integrated into Occupational

Safety and Health (OSH) Policy

143

bottom layer so that many employees have a

low safety awareness, besides their knowledge

of engineering and safety management is also

very limited. Moreover, the assumption that

OSH is the cost center that is quite the opposite.

– The limited ability of ofﬁcers

The strength of occupational safety ofﬁcers

in operation Engineering, Industrial Safety

engineering, management of hazard control

feel less so that it is a constraint gained

excellent professional safety performance. As a

result of this deﬁciency, there is a gap between

the advancement of applied technology and

the higher negative impact with the ability of

professional safety ofﬁcers in anticipation of

more dangerous conditions. Due to the lack of

human resources development in the OSH ﬁeld

or the development of educational events in this

ﬁeld.

– Standard and Code of Practice

Still, the lack of standard-standard and code

practice in the ﬁeld of occupational safety and

dissemination of information in the area of

industry hazard control that is still limited will

increase the risk faced.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on Government Regulation No. 11

Years 1979 concerning occupational safety on the

puriﬁcation and processing of petroleum and gas the

implementation of OSH policy is still not observed

by some companies and has not integrated so that

application is not sufﬁcient. In the implementation

of government regulations are found, obstacles and

constraints are the problems of coaching (formal

& non-formal) in terms of guidance (information

Services, standards, Code of Practice). Supervision

(regulation, monitoring/monitoring and sanctions

Against violations), the dangers of technological

developments have not to anticipate, the existence

of social-cultural gaps in the form of low discipline

and public awareness of occupational safety issues.

Insurance policy not orient to Hazard control,

community behavior that has not fully understood the

dangers in the industry with advanced technology.

Awareness, support, and involvement of operations

management against the efforts of Hazard control

felt still very less. The ability of safety workers

in the ﬁeld of operations engineering, industrial

Safety engineering, management hazard control felt

very less, and again lack of standard-standard and

code practice in the area of occupational safety and

dissemination of information in the ﬁeld of industrial

hazard control is limited.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Acknowledgments: Director of Research and

Community Service (DRPM), the Ministry of

Research, Technology, and higher education who

funded through research grants of beginner lecturers

is gratefully acknowledged.

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Safety and Health (OSH) Policy

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