Comparison of Giving Red Rice and Corn Rice against Changes in

Blood Glucose Level in Mice

Sunardi

, Lelli Widiawati and Anis Ika Nur Rohmah

Departement of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Jalan Bendungan Sutami 188,

Malang, Indonesia 65145

Keywords: Red Rice, Corn Rice, Blood Glucose, Mice

Abstract: Red cooked rice is red plant rice which is cooked first. Corn rice is one of the typical dishes from Indonesia

which is usually made from corn. The aim of this study was to compare giving red rice and corn rice against

changes in blood glucose level. Using a true-experimental layout, randomization is carried out in this layout

which means grouping parts of the intervention group is based on randoming. Then the pretest (O1) in both

groups, and followed by intervention (X) in the treatment group. After some time posttest (O2) was carried

out in both groups. The sample selection uses simple random sampling by giving red rice and corn rice for

about 4 grams / day / mice to both groups. Statistical analysis of the decrease in blood glucose value in this

research used the Independent T-test with a significant p <0.05. The results of the statistical test analysis

showed that group A which was given red rice and group B was given corn rice there was no significant

difference with the significance value of the SPSS 16.0 statistical test (p = 0.978). There are no significant

differences in group A (red rice) and group B (corn rice) findings.

1 INTRODUCTION

Blood glucose in the body can function as a fuel for

metabolic processes and the main source of energy

for the brain. Blood glucose is sugar found in the

blood, formed from carbohydrates in food and stored

as glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscle. Glucose

in the body will be absorbed by the small intestine and

then it will be distributed into all cells of the body

through the bloodstream. Blood glucose levels can be

said to be abnormal if it exceeds or exceeds the

reference value which is the range of 60-110 mg / dl

for blood glucose at a time. Blood glucose levels that

are too high can be said to be hyperglycemia or blood

glucose levels that are too low are called

hypoglycemia (Subiyono, Martsiningsih and Gabrela,

2013).

According to WHO (World Health Organization)

predicts the number of people with diabetes mellitus

in Indonesia in 2000 as many as 8.4 million and in

2030 could reach 21.3 million. According to the ADA

(American Diabetes Association) in 2010, diabetes

mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases with

characteristic hyperglycemia that can occur due to

abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or

can be both. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes can

result in long-term damage, dysfunction or failure of

several organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, heart and

blood vessels (Amir, Wungouw and Pangemanan,

2015).

Information about the effect of carbohydrate

intake on blood glucose levels and insulin response

based on the glycemic index (IG) can be useful as a

reference in determining the right type and amount of

carbohydrate food to maintain and increase healthy

food intake. Consuming staple foods that have a low

glycemic index (IG) for people with diabetes mellitus

(DM) can be useful in controlling blood glucose

levels. It can also inhibit digestion, help maintain

blood glucose levels and can reduce insulin responses

(Septianingrum, Liyanan and Kusbiantoro, 2016).

Brown rice is also one of the foods that have

healthy fiber. Brown rice is also rich in vitamins and

many benefits for the body. Unlike white rice, brown

rice has many nutritional contents that are intact in its

rice (Daomukda et al., 2011). In corn having lower

protein and fat content, not only corn protein and fat

also contain carbohydrates consisting of starch, crude

fiber, and pentosan (Lalujan et al., 2017). Rice is one

of the many staple foods processed by rice that are

usually consumed by the Indonesian people. The

Sunardi, ., Widiawati, L. and Nur Rohmah, A.

Comparison of Giving Red Rice and Corn Rice against Changes in Blood Glucose Level Values in Mice.

DOI: 10.5220/0009120200310036

In Proceedings of the 2nd Health Science International Conference (HSIC 2019), pages 31-36

ISBN: 978-989-758-462-6

content of rice usually consists of carbohydrates, fats,

proteins and water (Widhyasari et al., 2017).

Based on the above background, researchers are

interested in developing previous research comparing

brown rice and corn rice so that researchers want to

know the comparison of the provision of brown rice

(oryza nivara) and corn rice (zea mays L.) to changes

in blood glucose levels in animals trying to mice.

Glucose level measurement is done directly before

and after treatment using GlukoDrTM Blood Glucose

Test Meter or Glucometer. The research will be

carried out by comparing the two groups namely the

brown rice treatment group and the corn rice

treatment group to distinguish the amount of blood

glucose levels in experimental animals.

2 METHODS

This research is an experimental or experimental

research, which is an experimental activity that aims

to find out a symptom or effect that arises, as a result

of certain treatments. This study uses a true-

experimental design, in this design randomization

which means that the grouping of members of the

intervention group is done randomly or randomly.

Then pretest (O1) was done in both groups, and

intervention (X) was followed in the treatment group.

After some time posttest (O2) was done in both

groups (Notoatmodjo, 2012).

The sampling method is the process of selecting

portions of a population to represent the population

itself. Sampling techniques are ways that can be taken

in sampling in order to obtain a sample that is truly in

accordance with the whole subject of research.

Sampling methods can be classified into 2, namely

probability sampling and non-probability sampling.

The sampling method of this study uses a probability

sampling technique that is simple random sampling.

Simple random sampling is the selection of samples

in the simplest way, to achieve this sampling, each

element is selected randomly, if the sampling frame

is small (Nursalam, 2016). The method of sampling

is drawn, so all mice are coded and write the code on

paper, after that enter the code into a bottle which will

be drawn, the code that comes out as many samples

as needed is the rat taken into the study sample

(Surahman, Rachmat and Supardi, 2016).

The red rice is mixed and homogenized with

standard animal feed COMFEED AD II with the

amount of brown rice of 225.36 grams / 7 days and

80.64 grams / 7 days, after which it is mixed into one,

then printed until it becomes a pellet. The feed is dried

at a low temperature of ± 40 ° C for 8 hours using a

cabin dryer. Corn rice is mixed and homogenized

with standard animal feed COMFEED AD II with

total corn rice of 225.36 grams / 7 days and 80.64

grams / 7 days, after which it is mixed into one, then

printed to be pellets. The feed will then be dried at a

low temperature of ± 40 ° C for 8 hours using a cabin

dryer (Daeli and Ardiaria, 2018). Given to animals try

mice for 7 days 3 times / day / mice with a dose of

intervention given 4 grams / day / mice or about 20%

of the body weight of mice. Animals try mice

performed a pretest and posttest to take blood glucose

procedures as below:1. Prepare the glucometer;2.

Experimental animals (mice) are placed in a mouse

restriction cage, whose tail sticks out; 3. The tail of

male mice is rubbed 70% alcohol using cotton; 4. The

male mice's tail is stretched out and cut about 1 mm

from the tip of the tail with a sterile razor or scissors;

5. Then the blood that has come out of the tail of mice

is inserted into the prepared glucometer stick; 6.

Blood glucose levels are tested using a glucometer; 7.

The tail of male mice is rubbed with alcohol so that

blood does not flow continuously (Mu’nisa et al.,

2018).

After the data has been collected, the next step,

which is to process and analyze data using the

Independent Test, is a method used to test the average

similarity of two populations that are independent.

Performing an Independent T-test must meet the

following criteria:1. Distribution of normal values,

testing for normality using Shapiro Wilk with normal

criteria if the value of sig> 0.05; 2. The variance in

the two groups is the same which is called

homogeneity by using the leven’s test. Data will have

a homogeneous variant if the value of sig> 0.05, and

vice versa if it is not homogeneous; 3. Measurement

variables must be independent, which means the

value of one subject does not affect an outcome or

another subject.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

During the intervention process the brown rice and

corn rice animals were observed every day to observe

and measure the activities of the experimental

animals, and a summary assessment was obtained

from the observation sheet showing the animals were

very active, the feathers also did not fall out, their

eyes were clear, and no experimental animals were

sick , and based on the age of experimental animals

that have met the requirements of 2 months and for an

average body weight of 20-30 grams after the

intervention. The examination was carried out on the

first day before the intervention of red rice and corn

HSIC 2019 - The Health Science International Conference

rice and was measured again after giving brown rice

and corn rice for 7 consecutive days given 3 times a

day. Examination on post test using a glucometer with

verifer blood taken in the tail of mice.

The results of the study of giving brown rice and

corn rice to changes in the value of blood glucose

levels in experimental animals group A mice (brown

rice intervention) and group B (corn rice intervention)

are presented in table 5.2 below:

Based on the data table above shows the

difference in the average value of the post-test of the

two groups of experimental animals is 4.75 mmHg.

Based on the data above image shows that all

samples experienced changes in blood glucose levels

after the intervention of red rice and corn rice.

Changes in blood glucose values not only in group A

(corn rice), but also in group B (corn rice) also

experienced changes in blood glucose values,

although all groups experienced changes in blood

glucose values, but each group had an average value

different average. The average difference in changes

in blood glucose values (GD) in group A (red rice)

from the first day compared to the end on the seventh

day was 7.08 mg / dl, and the average difference in

changes in blood glucose (GD) values in group B

(Corn Rice) from the first day compared to the final

value on the seventh day is 6.58 mg / dl. The

difference in the value of changes in blood glucose

levels between group A (Red Rice) and group B

(Corn Rice) by 0.5 mg / dl.

Normality test is performed to determine whether

the research sample is a type of normal distribution.

The normality test is done by the Shapiro-Wilk test

because the number of samples in this study is less

than 50. Data is as the table below:

Normality test results on the measurement of

blood glucose levels obtained sig> 0.05 so that it can

be said that the data on the measurement results of

blood glucose levels are normally distributed, so the

test is continued with the T-Independent test.

Homegeneity test results using the Levene Test

method on the research data are presented as in table

Based on the above table, it can be explained that

the range of data is homogeneous because the test

results obtained significant results (p) the observed

factor is 0.098 greater than the value of α 0.05

because the data obtained is homogeneous, then the

T-Independent test will be conducted assuming

homogeneous assumptions.

Independent t-test is a method used to test the

average similarity of two independent populations. T-

Independent test results for blood glucose data in

group A (red rice) and group B (corn rice) can be seen

in table 5.4.

Table 1: Pre-test Results of Blood Glucose in Animals Try Mice Group A (Giving Red Rice) and Group B (Giving Corn

Rice).

Participant Pretest Group A (Red

Rice)

Pretest Group B (Corn Rice)

1 238 143

2 93 131

3 117 134

4 96 111

5 198 130

6 150 114

7 117 115

8 71 104

9 92 108

10 137 113

11 98 143

12 105 117

Average 117.66 121.91

Comparison of Giving Red Rice and Corn Rice against Changes in Blood Glucose Level Values in Mice

Table 2: Results of Difference in Blood Glucose Value in Experimental Animals Group A (Giving Red Rice) and Group B

(Giving Corn Rice).

Pretest Group A (Red Rice) Pretest Group B (Corn Rice)

Sample Difference Sample Difference

1 -139 A -27

2 -11 B -45

3 1 C -42

4 41 D 3

5 8 E -11

6 -15 F -1

7 13 G 19

8 54 H 28

9 33 I 22

10 -80 J 1

11 44 K -36

12 -34 L 12

Average -7.08 -6.58

Table 3: Normality Test Results.

Tests of Normality

Group Kolmogorov-Smirnov

Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

Difference Red Rice .194 12 .200

.884 12 .098

Corn Rice .170 12 .200

.926 12 .337

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

Table 4: Test Results for Homogeneity of Levene Test Variety Data.

Observed Factors (variabel) Signification Information Conclution

Blood Glucose Levels 0,098 Levene test > Sig

Sig > 0,05

Homogen

Table 5: Summary of Independent t-test Test Result.

Group A (Red Rice) Group B (Corn Rice) Signification Information

Difference Blood

Glucose Levels

-7,08 -6,58 0,978 There is no

significant difference

The results of the study of the value of blood

glucose levels obtained from the SPSS output note

that the significant value (p), in the T-Independent

statistical test the significance value of 0.978 where

the value is greater than the value of α (0.05). The

results of the two calculations can be concluded that

there is no significant difference (H0 is accepted),

which means that there is no difference in the

provision of brown rice and corn rice to changes in

blood glucose levels in mice.

Based on the Independent T-Test obtained a t-test

of 0.978 with a significant value of 0.098 and a t-table

of 0.028. These results indicate no significant

difference in the value of blood glucose levels in

group A (Corn Rice) and group B (Corn Rice). There

is no difference caused by various factors, as for some

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of these factors, one of which is the content in the Red

Rice and Corn Rice which acts as a substance that

helps the body to help control or stabilize the blood

glucose levels so that group A has a value of blood

glucose levels that do not much different from group

B. The absence of difference is caused by various

factors, as for the following factors, namely as

follows:

Brown rice also has a high fiber content which is

3.32 grams which means that fiber can prevent

gastrointestinal track disease and heart disease

(Nuryani, 2013). Red rice also has a fairly low

carbohydrate value, carbohydrates are consumed by

mice and undergo metabolic processes in the body of

mice, carbohydrates are also converted into glucose

in the liver and will be useful for energy formation in

the human body. Glucose will be absorbed by the

small intestine, will be carried by the bloodstream and

will be distributed to all cells of the body. Glucose is

also stored in the form of glycogen, which is in blood

plasma in the form of blood glucose. Glucose in the

human body functions as a fuel for metabolic

processes and also as a main source for the brain

(Subiyono, Martsiningsih and Gabrela, 2013).

Carbohydrates in foods with low glycemic index

are broken down slowly so that the release of glucose

also becomes slower, low glycemic index can reduce

the rate of absorption of blood glucose and increase

insulin sensitivity so that it can control or stabilize the

value of blood glucose levels. The lower the glycemic

index in eating foods the lower its ability to increase

blood glucose levels (Herlina, D.N., Nesha, T.R.T.,

Noor, F., Okki, A., Ebigail, D., Darmawati, 2017).

Corn rice has a fairly low carbohydrate content of

75.64%, corn carbohydrates can be starches, starches

contain two kinds of molecules namely amylopectin

and amylose, low glycemic index foods are broken

down slowly so that the release of glucose also

becomes slow, low glycemic index can reduce the

rate of absorption of blood glucose and increase

insulin sensitivity so that it can control the value of

blood glucose levels. In addition to the low

carbohydrate content, corn rice also has a fiber

content of 0.26 grams, the fiber itself can function to

prevent gastrointestinal track disease and heart

disease (Lalujan et al., 2017).

Analysis of the results found in this study showed

that the animal mice in group A (red rice) and group

B (corn rice) experienced changes in the value of

blood glucose levels that varied. The results showed

that experimental animals that experienced

significant changes in blood glucose levels were mice

that were in both groups for 7 days, from the results

of calculations conducted by researchers using the

SPSS computer program to get a difference in group

A (Red Rice) as much as - 7.08 mg / dl and in group

B (Corn Rice) it was obtained -6.58 mg / dl which

means that the two groups had a difference of only

0.5 mg / dl and a sig value of 0.978 above the value

of α <0.05 So that H0 was received , there is no

difference in the provision of brown rice (Oryza

Nivara) and corn rice (Zea Mays L) to changes in the

value of blood glucose levels in mice (Mus Musculus

L).

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the data analysis of the results of research

and discussion it can be concluded that the feeding of

brown rice in group A and the feeding of corn rice in

group B in mice try animals there is no significant

difference with a significance value of 0.978 where

the value is greater than the value of α (0.05 ). The

results of the two calculations can be concluded that

there is no significant difference (H0 is accepted),

which means that there is no difference in the

provision of brown rice and corn rice to changes in

blood glucose levels in mice.

Further research is needed to get accurate results

on human samples so that brown rice and corn rice

can really be an additional therapy in the morning for

people with diabetes mellitus and people who need

additional therapy with glycemic index values on

foods that are quite low.

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