Self Management Dietary Behavior among Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

in Malang, Indonesia

Anggraini Dwi Kurnia

1,*

, Nur Lailatul Masruroh

, Nur Melizza

and Cici Indah Setiowati

Departement of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Jalan Bendungan Sutami 188,

Malang, Indonesia 65145

Nurse Practicioner, Public Health Center of Ciptomulyo, Jalan Kolonel Sugiono VIII No.54 Ciptomulyo, Sukun, Malang,

Indonesia 65148

Keywords: Self management, dietary behavior, diabetes mellitus

Abstract: Background: To reduce complications in people with diabetes mellitus is self management dietary behavior.

It was included in one of the Ministry of Health's programs, CERDIK. CERDIK has meaning, periodic health

check, get rid of cigarette smoke, diligent physical activity, healthy and balanced diet, adequate rest, and

manage stress. Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify self management dietary behavior among

diabetes mellitus type 2 in indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross sectional approach. The sampling

technique used is nonprobability sampling type of purposive sampling. The number of samples were 69 people

with diabetes mellitus in the working area of Ciptomulyo Health Public Center. Results: Self management

dietary behavior of patients with diabetes mellitus ranges from 54-101 with an score of 72.17±8.50. Self

management dietary behavior scores classified as good (> 73) and bad (<72). Approximately, 50.7% of

respondents have good dietary behavior, and as many as 49.3% have poor dietary behavior. Conclution:

Dietary behavior among tuberculosis patient still need to be improved to avoid complication.

1 INTRODUCTION

Diabetes mellitus prevalence has been rising more

rapidly in middle and low income countries. The

number of people with diabetes mellitus has risen

from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014

(World Health Organization, 2018). About 1.3

million people die from diabetes and 4 percent die

before the age of 70. In the year 2030 it is estimated

that DM ranks 7th cause of world death. As for

Indonesia, it is estimated that in 2030 there will be

21.3 million people with diabetes(Ministry of

Health, 2013; IDF, 2017).

Given the magnitude of the problem of diabetes

mellitus, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of

Indonesia prioritizes Diabetes Mellitus control

among other metabolic disorders besides

comorbidities such as hypertension, coronary heart

disease and stroke. The Ministry of Health is

currently focusing on controlling Diabetes Mellitus

risk factors through promotive and preventive

efforts without prejudice to curative and

rehabilitative efforts. One of the curative and

rehabilitative efforts is diet compliance. Where this

is included in one of the Ministry of Health's

programs, CERDIK. CERDIK has a meaning,

periodic health checks, get rid of cigarette smoke,

diligent physical activity, healthy and balanced diet,

adequate rest, manage stress (Ministry of Health,

2013).

Diet is an integral part of comprehensive

diabetes care, including dietary knowledge,

attitudes and practice as well (Jackie Boucher et al.,

2014; Sami et al., 2017). Dietary habits could

prevent the onset of diabetes and delay its

complication (Asif, 2014; Basu et al., 2018). Diet

adherence behavior is one of the keys to success in

the management of type 2 diabetes. That is because

eating planning is one of the main pillars in the

management of type 2 diabetes mellitus(Perkeni,

2015; Poretsky, 2017). Adherence of type 2

Diabetes Mellitus patients to the principles of

nutrition and meal planning is the key to success in

the management of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus but it

is one of the obstacles in diabetes services (Sukardji,

2009; Dunning, 2014).

110

Kurnia, A., Masruroh, N., Melizza, N. and Setiowati, C.

Self Management Dietary Behavior among Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Malang, Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0009123601100112

In Proceedings of the 2nd Health Science International Conference (HSIC 2019), pages 110-112

ISBN: 978-989-758-462-6

2 METHODS

This study used a cross sectional approach. The

sampling technique used is nonprobability sampling

type of purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria

the patient was declared suffering from type 2

diabetes by a doctor and was willing to be a

respondent. The number of samples were 69 people

with diabetes mellitus in the working area of

Ciptomulyo Health Public Center. This study used

The Dietary Behaviors Questionnaire (DBQ) which

was modified from (Primanda, Kritpracha and

Thaniwattananon, 2011) that was developed and

used for the Indonesian population. The DBQ

consist of of four parts taht were included selecting

a healthy diet, arranging meal times, recognizing the

amount of food calories and managing dietary

behavior challenges. The questionnaire consists of

29 items. Each item has a score of 1-4 according to

the subjects’ responses based on the Likert scale: 1

= never, 2 = sometimes, 3 = often, 4 = routinely,

with the possible score ranging from 29 to 116. The

higher the DBQ score related to the better the

dietary behaviors indicated.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Based on table 1 respondents distribution is known

that the majority of female respondents amounted to

81.2% with the most age categories 56-65 years,

namely the elderly elderly by 56.5%. Education

taken by the majority of elementary school (SD)

respondents was 42%, while the last education of

respondents was college as many as 1 person

(1.4%).

Based on table 2. Dietary behavior of patients

with diabetes mellitus ranged from 54-101 with an

average score of 72.17 and a standard deviation

value of 8,509. Dietary behavior scores are

classified as good (> 73) and bad (<72). Around

50.7% of respondents have good compliance, and as

many as 49.3% have poor compliance.

Analysis of the results of the study showed that

more than half the number of respondents (50.7%)

showed good adherence to the diet. However, this

percentage differed only slightly compared to the

number of respondents with poor diet compliance

(49.7%). This data is different from the results of a

study by (Ayele et al., 2018), where research

conducted on patients with diabetes mellitus at the

Hospital in Ethiopia showed that most respondents

showed poor diet adherence (74.3%). Likewise,

research by (Parajuli et al., 2014) showed that of

385 patients, the majority (87.5%) did not comply

with the diet given, while the rest (12.5%) showed

poor adherence

Tabel 1: Distribution of respondents based on gender, age, education.

Characteristic n (69) % (100) Min Max Mean

Gender :

Female

Male

81,2

18,8

Age : 34 80 59,64

Education :

Elementary school

Junior high school

Senior high school

University

30,4

26,1

1,4

Table 2: Distribution of Self Management Dietary Behavior (n= 69).

Self Management Dietary Behavior Frequency Procentage (100%)

Good 35 50,7

Poor 34 49,3

Mean ± S.D 72,17 ± 8,509

Self Management Dietary Behavior among Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Malang, Indonesia

111

Perkeni in his 2015 concession explained that

one of the pillars of the treatment of type 2 diabetes

mellitus is medical nutritional therapy (Perkeni,

2015). The goal of nutritional therapy or diet is to

achieve and maintain optimal metabolism and

prevent chronic complications of diabetes.

Adherence to a given diet will have an impact on

blood glucose values within normal limits so as to

prevent or reduce the risk of diabetes complications.

The fat and lipoprotein profile is maintained thereby

reducing the risk of macrovascular disease. Blood

pressure is maintained thereby reducing the risk of

vascular disease (American Diabetes Association,

2004). The results showed that the percentage of

respondents' diet adherence was better compared to

previous studies. However, there are still almost

half the number of respondents who still show good

dietary compliance. This certainly will risk an

increase in complications of diabetes mellitus.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Approximately, 50.7% of respondents have good

dietary behavior, and as many as 49.3% have poor

dietary behavior. Further research should examine

factors that could improve dietary behavior in

Malang, Indonesia.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Thank to Faculty of Health Science, University of

Muhammadiyah Malang for funding.

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