Formulation and Evaluation Antioxidant Activity of Peel-off Masks

from White Pomegranate Extract with Polyvinyl Alcohol and

Polyethylene Glycol 1500

Amaliyah Dina Anggraeni*, Dian Ermawati, Raditya Weka Nugraheni and Aditya Anugrah Putri

Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Jalan Bendungan

Sutami 188A, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia

Keywords: White Pomegranate Extract, Peel-off Gel Mask, Antioxidant.

Abstract: Pomegranate is tropical fruit contains antioxidant compounds such as ellagitannin, punicalagin, and

tocopherol. Punicalagin has antioxidant EC

54.2 ppm. This study aims to formulate and evaluate peel -off

mask containing pomegranate extract. Dosage formulation of peel off mask made in various concentrations

of white pomegranate peel extract that F1(1%), F2 (2%) and F3 (3%) with PVA and PEG 1500 as based.

Further preparation peel off mask evaluated physical and chemical characteristics and stability during storage.

The Result showed that the F3 showed the highest antioxidant activity than the other formulas. The increased

concentration of white pomegranate (Punica garanatum L.) extract had an effect on antioxidant activity of

white pomegranate peel extract peel-off gel masks.

1 INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is a tropical climate with abundant sunlight.

Exposure to UV from the sun continuously will cause

premature aging (photoaging). Premature aging can

be characterized by the appearance of wrinkles,

altered pigmentation and loss of skin tone (Fisher et

al., 1997). Another factor for premature aging is

genetic diseases. in child can have aging feathers. The

three known premature aging syndromes on human

being are Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome

(HGPS), Werner syndrome (WS), and Cockayne

syndrome (CS) (Wang-michelitsch and Michelitsch,

2007).

Precautions for premature aging can be done by

using antioxidant compounds. Antioxidants have the

ability to bind to free radicals caused by oxidative

stress, and may have significance in the prevention

and / or treatment of various skin diseases, and slow

down the process of skin aging (Dasgupta and Klein,

2014; Sadowska-Bartosz and Bartosz, 2014;

Stojiljković, Pavlović and Arsić, 2014). Recently,

natural antioxidants have been chosen by consumers

and have become popular for treatment and food

applications compared to synthetic antioxidant

compounds (BHT and BHA). Plants that grow a lot in

the tropics and contain natural antioxidants are

Punica granatum. Pomegranate is consumed fresh

and in processed form. Commercial pomegranate

juice has the highest antioxidant activities compared

to other fruit juices, red wine, and green tea and

currently is a high value product in the agricultural

market (Prakash and Prakash, 2011; Wang, 2011).

Pomegranate consist of flavonoid, ellagitannin,

punicalagin, ellagic acid, vitamin and mineral.

Punicalagin and Ellagitannin are compounds that play

a major role in providing antioxidant effects

(Viladomiu et al., 2013; Rahmani, Alsahli and

Almatroodi, 2017). In this study selected gel form

peel-off mask. Peel-off gel mask is a type of mask that

will dry and form an occlusive film that can be peeled

off after use (Ningsih, Firmansyah and Fitri, 2016).

Peel-off gel mask can increase skin moisture and

increase the effect of the main compound (active

compound) on the epithelial part due to the

occlusivity of the polymer coating (Shai, Maibach

and Baran, 2009). This study uses PVA as a film

former because it can produce a gel that dries quickly

and forms a film layer that is transparent, strong,

plastic and adheres well to the skin and PEG 1500 as

a plasticize which will maintain the film's shape so

that when the mask is peeled off the film remains

good and not torn. Based on the description above,

the research will be made a peel-off gel mask extract

Anggraeni, A., Ermawati, D., Nugraheni, R. and Putri, A.

Formulation and Evaluation Antioxidant Activity of Peel-off Masks from White Pomegranate Extract with Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polyethylene Glycol 1500.

DOI: 10.5220/0009125801430147

In Proceedings of the 2nd Health Science International Conference (HSIC 2019), pages 143-147

ISBN: 978-989-758-462-6

143

of white pomegranate skin extract with a

concentration of 1%, 2% and 3% on the basis of PVA

and PEG 1500 which have antioxidant activity.

2 METHODS

An experimental study was selected to comparing the

effect various concentration of white pomegranate

extract (Punica granatum) of peel-off gel mask on the

basis of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Polyethylene

Glycol.

Preparation of the white pomegranate extract

Dry powder of white pomegranate was extracted with

ethanol 70 %. The sample was macerated for 72 hours

and then filtered. The filtrate obtained was

concentrated using a rotary evaporator to obtain

brown extract of white pomegranate.

Screening phytochemistry

The extracts were screened for the phytochemicals

such as flavonoid, terpenoid, alkaloid, anthraquinone,

tannin and saponin. Phytochemical screening were

performed using standard procedures(Trease and

Evans, 1989; Sofora, 1993).

Antioxidant activity of white pomegranate

extract

Stock solution of DPPH were prepared in methanol

and methanol buffered with acetic acid buffer (0.1 M,

pH 5.5), respectively. Buffered methanol was

prepared by mixing 40 mL of 0.1 M acetate buffer

(pH 5.5) with 60 mL methanol. Ascorbic acid is used

as control positive (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ppm). Control

positive was prepared by mixing 200 ppm of DPPH

and methanol. The Solvents and other chemicals

wrapped in aluminum foil and kept at 30

C for 30 min

in dark. All measurement were done at 517 nm using

Spectrophotometry. The data are mean ± SD. The

percentage of decolourisation was plotted against the

concentration of the sample, and the IC

values were

determined. The DPPH absorbance decreases with an

increase in DPPH radical scavenging activity. Results

were expressed as IC

concentration where 50%

inhibition of the DPPH radical is obtained. This

activity is given as the percent of DPPH radical

scavenged, which is calculated with the equation:

DPPH radical scavenging activity (%) =

[

(

Abs control − Abs sample

)

Abs control

× 100 ] (1)

Absorabance of control is the absorbance of DPPH

radical + methanol and Abs sample is absorbance

DPPH radical + sample.

The formulation of peel-off gel mask

To develop a suitable peel-off gel mask, the

formulations were developed within the

determination range with different concentration-

percentage of extract. According to the formula given

in the table 1, 3 different formulations were fabricated

and then evaluated characteristic and stability in order

to select the best formulation. For preparation of peel-

off gel mask formulation, the concentrated extract of

white pomegranate were used. Initially stoke 80%

PVA was prepared. A certain amount of PVA powder

was weighted and added to the water on the magnetic

stirrer at 80

C for 15 minute and then placed in freezer

for 24 hours.

Table 1: Formula of peel-off gel mask from white Pomegranate extract.

Ingredient

Formula (%)

FII

FIII

Extract of White Pomegranate

Polyvinyl Alcohol

Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 1500

2,5

Vitamin C

0,01

Propylene Glycol

Methyl Paraben

0,18

Propyl Paraben

0,02

Aquadest ad

100

White pomegranate extract

Evaluation parameters

Organoleptic: The consistency and the colour was

checked visually. The odour was evaluated manually

by smelling the product.

Homogeneity: This parameter was checked visually.

pH: 1% solution was prepared and checked for the pH

using pH meter.

Observation of physical stability: at room and cold

temperatures by observing organoleptic during

storage

HSIC 2019 - The Health Science International Conference

144

Spread ability: A small amount of the mask was

applied on paper charts coated transparent glass given

the particular load ( 1g ) and then left to stand for 60

seconds. Then calculate the area given by the dosage

is calculated.

Peeling time: A small amount of the mask was

applied on the skin, left for few minutes and the time

was noted until it formed a mask.

Antioxidant activity: This parameter was checked

with calculate percent inhibition (DPPH radical

scavenging activity (%).

Antioxidant test for gel peel-off mask mask using

DPPH method

DPPH solution was made with a concentration of 200

ppm and 40 ppm. Then the preparation of the test

solution was made with a concentration of 10,000

ppm and filtered, then the filtrate obtained was pipette

as much as 1.0 ml mixed with a DPPH solution of 200

ppm and stirred with Methanol p.a ad 10.0 ml. Then

absorbance was measured with a UV-Vis

spectrophotometer at a maximum wave-length of 517

nm.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSION

In this study the sample used was pomegranate skin

extract, which has a high antioxidant effect. Sample

extraction has been carried out by maceration method

using 70% ethanol solvent. Ethanol is a semi polar

compound that can attract both polar and nonpolar

compounds. So that the compounds obtained are

more and have the potential to be able to have

antioxidant activity.

Screening phytochemistry

Phytochemical screening tests can be seen in Table 2.

The results obtained indicate that pomegranate skin

extracts found several secondary metabolites

including terpenoids, flavonoids, sterols and steroids,

saponins, anthraquinones and tannins.

Table 2: Phytochemical screening of Pomegranate extract.

Metabolite seconder

Result

Terpenoid

Alkaloid

Flavonoid

Sterol dan Steroid

Saponin

Antrakinon

Fenol & tanin

Antioxidant activity determination of white

pomegranate extract

Antioxidant test, the reaction between DPPH and

white pomegranate rind extract that occurs because

DPPH can react with compounds that can donate

hydrogen atoms, one of which is the antioxidant

contained in white pomegranate rind extract. The

reaction mechanism that occurs is the antioxidant

extract of a white pomegranate rind reducing DPPH

compounds resulting in a reduction in the intensity of

the color of the DPPH solution which was originally

purple to fade (yellow). Color fading will cause a

decrease in the absorbance value of the

spectrophotometer (Prakash, 2001) as in the

antioxidant test that has been done it is known that the

higher the concentration of the extract where the more

antioxidants are added the more yellow the color of

the solution and the absorbance decreases.

Measurements of antioxidant activity were

conducted at wavelength 517 nm. Based on testing

the antioxidant activity IC

values obtained to red

rice bran extract is 18.11 ppm and percent inhibition

is 95.61 %, at a concentration of 80 ppm. Based on

the classification carried out by Blois (Blois, 1958), if

the IC

value <50 µg / ml is categorized as a strong

antioxidant, 101-150 µg / ml is a medium of

antioxidant, while a weak antioxidant with IC

> 150

µg / ml. in this study pomegranate peel extract and

positive control (vitamin C) included in the category

of strong antioxidants.

Table 3: Pomegranate extract antioxidant test results.

Sample

Sample conc.

(ppm)

Absorbance

Percent

Inhibition (%)

(µg/ml)

Sample

DPPH

White

Pomegranate

Extract

0.647

0.319

0.069

0.045

1.026

36.94

68.91

93.27

95.61

18.11

Vitamin C

0.747

0.471

0.184

0.069

0.054

27.19

54.09

82.07

93.27

94.74

3.67

Formulation and Evaluation Antioxidant Activity of Peel-off Masks from White Pomegranate Extract with Polyvinyl Alcohol and

Polyethylene Glycol 1500

145

Table 4: The result of characteristic evaluation of peel-off gel mask.

Parameters

Observation

Organoleptic

Consistency: semisolid

Colour: white

Odor: specific

Consistency:

semisolid

Colour: brownish

yellow

Odor: specific

Consistency:

semisolid

Colour: brownish

yellow

Odor: specific

Consistency:

semisolid

Colour: light

brown

Odor: specific

Homogeneity

6.46

5.38

5.03

4.83

Physical stability

(freeze thaw)

Stable

Spread ability at

load 1 g (cm/g)

10.43

9.73

9.47

9.05

Peeling time

28 minute, 30 second

27 minute, 17 second

26 minute, 40 second

26 minute, 20

second

Percent inhibition

0,51 %

week)

2.05 %

week)

51.69 %

week)

40.61%

week)

80.72 %

week)

76.23 %

week)

87.74 %

week)

85.14 %

week)

Figure 1: Antioxidant activity at 1st week and 4th week of peel-off gel mask of white Pomegranate extract.

Evaluation Parameters

Based on the evaluation of peel-off gel mask of

organoleptic, homogeneity can be seen in the table 4.

The result showed that all formulas is stable and

homogeneity during 4 weeks of storage. The

evaluation results obtained pH range from 4.83 to

5.38, where the normal skin pH range is 4.5 to 7. It

can be that the pH of the formulas excluded in the pH

range of normal skin (Table 4).

The observation of the physical stability by using

freeze thaw during 8 week of storage indicates that all

of formulas is not separation and preparation is stable.

Spread ability is done by using weights, the goal is to

see how much power and the ability of spreading on

the surface of the skin. Based on observations

obtained F1 9.73 cm/g, F2 9.47 cm/g dan F3 9.05

cm/g. Based on result F3 have spread power more

undilute than F1 and F3.

Based on determination of antioxidant activity

that percent inhibition of control formula showed no

antioxidant activity while F1 showed their

antioxidant activity 51.69 % (the first week) and

40.61% of fourth week, F2 in the first week 80.72%

and 76.23% of fourth week and F3 on the first week

amounted to 87.74% and the fourth week amounted

to 85.14%. The result showed that F3 is the higher

antioxidant activity more than F1 and F2 (Fig.1). This

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent Inhibitor (%)

Formulas

Column1 Week 2 Week 1

HSIC 2019 - The Health Science International Conference

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because in F3 containing the highest concentration of

white pomegranate extract.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Various levels of white pomegranate extract in peel-

off gel mask (Punica granatum L.) has an influence

on antioxidant activity that have been made both

before and after the stability test. Increasing

concentration of fruit peel extract will significantly

increase the antioxidant activity with a value (p =

0.00) < (0.05). After the T test on antioxidant activity,

there was a significant difference between before and

after the stability test in the form of a decrease in

antioxidant activity.

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Formulation and Evaluation Antioxidant Activity of Peel-off Masks from White Pomegranate Extract with Polyvinyl Alcohol and

Polyethylene Glycol 1500

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