The Impact of Tourism on Social, Economic and Cultural Conditions in

Kecamatan Siak

Nurhayati, Rona Muliana, Febby Asteriani, Dinda Ratu

Departement Urban and Regional Planning, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Keywords:

Tourism , Social Impacts, Economic Impacts, Cultural Impacts

Abstract:

This study aimed to identify the impact of tourism on social, economic and cultural conditions in Kecamatan

Siak. The research method was quantitative deductive by using the Likert scale. Population in this research

was Kecamatan Siak residents. The number of samples were 382 families with stratiﬁed sampling method.

The results showed that tourism had positive and negative impacts on development in Kecamatan Siak. (1)

The positive impact on the social sector with the highest value was to strongly agree on the increase of the

relations and good communication techniques. The negative impact with the highest value was to agree on an

increase in social deviations such as commercial sex, drug use and destruction of tourist attractions (2) The

positive impact on the economic sector with the highest value was to strongly agree on the increase in of local

businesses. The negative impact with the highest value was that there would be an increase in prices of local

goods and basic goods. (3) The positive impact on the cultural sector with the highest value was to strongly

agree on the increase in tourism human resources. The negative impact with the highest value was agreeing

on the occurrence of consumptive lifestyle.

1 INTRODUCTION

Today, tourism is an alternative sector in the develop-

ment in Riau. This is due to the decline in the prices

of oil palm which has caused a reduction in the con-

tribution of the oil mining sector and palm plantations

in the development of Riau. Tourism has an important

role, along with the shifting of economic structure to

the service sector.

Siak district is a district that intensively promotes

its region as a tourist destination. This is accordance

with the vision of kabupaten Siak in years 2016-2021.

The Kabupaten Siak vision is “Creating the devel-

oped and prosperous district of Siak in a religious and

malay cultured society and creating Kabupaten Siak

as a tourism destination in Sumatra”(Heriawan, 2004;

Irianto, 2011; Kurniawan, 2015). From this vision,

Kabupaten Siak established itself as a tourism desti-

nation in Sumatra. Through the tourism sector, it will

certainly has an impact on regional development in

Kabupaten Siak, such as economic growth, increased

employment, increased community income, changes

in social life(Akil, 2002; Cohen, ; Foster, 2000).

After 1 year of establishing the vision of Kabu-

paten Siak, it is interesting to identify the performance

of the tourism sector in Kecamatan Siak. Therefore,

the objectives in this study were: (1) to identify the

impact of tourism on the social conditions of the peo-

ple in Kecamatan Siak: (2) to identify the impact of

tourism on the economic conditions of the people in

Kecamatan Siak; (3) identify the impact of tourism

on the cultural conditions of the people in Kecamatan

Siak(Mill, 2009; Pitana and Gede, 2009; ?).

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

The various impacts of tourism on the social, eco-

nomic and cultural sectors have been examined by the

following authors.

3 METHOD

The research paradigm pointed in this study was the

rationalistic paradigm. Rationalistic paradigm be-

lieves that a reliable source of knowledge is the mind,

in which empirical functions only to conﬁrm knowl-

edge obtained from the mind ((WTO), 1980; Geriya,

2004; Kodhyat, 1982).

The method of this study was a quantitative de-

Nurhayati, ., Muliana, R., Asteriani, F. and Ratu, D.

The Impact of Tourism on Social, Economic and Cultural Conditions in Kecamatan Siak.

DOI: 10.5220/0009143703070311

In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Social, Economy, Education and Humanity (ICoSEEH 2019) - Sustainable Development in Developing Country for Facing Industrial

Revolution 4.0, pages 307-311

ISBN: 978-989-758-464-0

307

Table 1: Impact of tourism on social, economic and cultural.

No Objectives of re-

Authors Impacts of tourism

Impacts Positive Impacts -The emergence of new values ??and norms

on Social Tourism (Mill, 2009) -The existence of new social structures and relationships

(Yoeti, 1982) -There is an interpersonal relationship between community members

(Foster, 2000) -Family modernization

(WTO, 1980) -Broaden people’s insights and perspectives on the outside world

(Pitana et al, 2005)

Negative Impacts -Increased crime, local consumerism and prostitution

(Mill, 2009) -Increased social deviations

(Richardson et al, 2004) -Emerging consumptive-oriented mental attitudes giving rise to pathology

social like prostitution, using drug and drug trafﬁcking

(Foster, 2000) (Yoeti, 1982)

(WTO,1980)

(Pitana et al, 2005)

Impacts on Positive Impacts -Open new jobs

tourism economy (Mill, 2009) -Improve the standard of living and income of the community

(Cohen, 1984) -Assist the existence of local businesses

(Leiper, 1990) -Improve managerial skills and community skills that spur other economic

activities

(WTO, 1980) -Encourage someone to be an entrepreneur, for example:

(Pitana et al, 2005) -craft traders, surfboard rentals, food suppliers.

-Increase community income and government revenue

-Providing economic beneﬁts to the community through

-Restaurant / tourist market

Negative Impacts -Increase the price of goods local and basic ingredients

(Mill, 2009) -Increase in people’s income goes up and down

(Manthieson et al, 1982) -There is regional imbalance and the income gap between several groups in

the community

(Pitana et al, 2005) -Loss of control of the local community over economic resources

Impacts Positive Impacts -Preservation of culture local

on tourism culture (Sihite, 2000) -The development of local culture

(Smith, 1977) -The recognition of local culture by tourists

(Butcher, 2003) -The emergence of cultural creativity and innovation

(Geriya, 1996). (Subadra,2006)

(Pitana et al, 2005)

Negative Impacts -Additional stresses occur residents due to new arrivals from outside the area

(Sihite, 2000) -The emergence of commercialization

(Richardson et al,2004)

(WTO,1980)

-The development of consumptive lifestyle

(Pitana et al, 2005) -Disruption of the environment

-Cultural pollution

ductive research method. The quantitative approach

was conducted through questionnaires.

The study area in this study was Kecamatan Siak

and the population was the residents in Kecamatan

Siak (Subadra, 2006; Yoeti, 2006). The number of

samples were determined by the Slovin formula with

a percentage of inaccuracy of 5%. The sample se-

lection was performed by stratiﬁed sampling method.

The number of samples were 382 families with the

following details.

Table 2: The number of samples in Kecamatan Siak.

No Kelurahan Number of Respondents

1 Kampung Dalam 134

2 Kampung Rempak 86

3 Langkai 28

4 Merempan Hulu 23

5 Rawang Air Putih 15

6 Suak Lanjut 33

7 Buantan Besar 28

8 Tumang 35

382

The method of this study was a quantitative de-

ductive research method. The quantitative approach

used was Likert scale. The collected data was cat-

egorized with Likert scale, namely Strongly Agree,

Agree, Quite Agree, Disagree and Strongly Disagree.

Each category from strongly agree to strongly dis-

agree was given score of 5,4,3,2,1.

After being given score, then from the results of

the questionnaire, the total score was searched by the

formula:

Totalscore = T xPn (1)

Where, T = Total number of respondents who

voted Pn = Likert score choice. After getting the total

score, then the total score was percentaged with the

formula:

%Index =

totalscore

× 100 (2)

Where, Y = highest likert score multiplied by total

respondents. After getting the percentage index, then

ICoSEEH 2019 - The Second International Conference on Social, Economy, Education, and Humanity

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Table 3: Impact of tourism in Kecamatan Siak on social.

Indicators Total Score Percentage Category

Positive Impacts

1. There has been a change in the positive value of society

such as an increase in the application of religious values

due to tourism activities in the Kecamatan Siak.

1321 69,1% Agree

2. There has been changing in behavior to a positive norm

in better ways, habits, and behavior of the people due to

tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1547 81% Strongly Agree

3. There was a change in employment opportunities from

the agricultural sector to the service sector due to tourism

activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1321 69% Agree

4. There has been an increase in relations or communica-

tion and good communication techniques for community

members due to tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1702 89% Strongly Agree

5. There has been an increase in solidarity / sense of kin-

ship towards the community due to tourism activities in

Kecamatan Siak.

1633 87% Strongly Agree

6. There has been a modernization of agricultural meth-

ods and the sale of community crops due to tourism ac-

tivities in Kecamatan Siak.

1389 73% Agree

7. There has been an increase in community insight due

to tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1563 82% Strongly Agree

8. There is tolerance towards other ethnics / ethnic groups

due to tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1479 77% Agree

9. There has been a looseness of parental treatment for

children (discipline) due to tourism activities in Keca-

matan Siak.

1288 67% Agree

10. There is an increase in interpersonal relations or mu-

tual help to the community due to tourism activities in

Kecamatan Siak.

1598 83% Strongly Agree

11. There has been an increase in organization / social

institutions such as activities, community regularity due

to tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1598 83% Strongly Agree

12. There was an increase in public awareness of

the cleanliness and comfort of the environment due to

tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1577 82% Strongly Agree

Negative Impacts

1. There has been an increase in crime due to tourism

activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1078 53% Quite Agree

2. There has been an increase in social deviations such

as juvenile delinquency, destruction of tourist attractions

due to tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1302 68% Agree

they are grouped into intervals, as shown in Table 4.

Table 4: The percentage index category.

Likert Scale Percentage

Strongly Agree 0-19,9%

Agree 20-39,99%

Quite Agree 40-59,99%

Disagree 60-79,99%

Strongly Disagree 80-100%

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

From the results of the study, tourism had positive and

negative impacts on the development in Kecamatan

Siak.

4.1 Impacts on Social Tourism

Tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak have a very pos-

itive impact or have enormous beneﬁts in the social

ﬁeld for the community. The highest value of ben-

eﬁts was strongly agreeing to increase relations or

communication and good communication techniques

The Impact of Tourism on Social, Economic and Cultural Conditions in Kecamatan Siak

309

Table 5: Impact of tourism in Kecamatan Siak on economy.

Indicators Total Score Percentage Category

Positive Impacts

1. There has been an increase in employment due to

tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1561 82% Agree

2. There was an increase in income and living standards

of the people due to tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1515 79% Strongly Agree

3. There has been an increase of local businesses due to

tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1564 89% Agree

4. There has been an increase in community’s economic

activities (community skills products) due to tourism ac-

tivities in Kecamatan Siak.

1576 82% Strongly Agree

5. There was an increase in self-employed people as a

result of tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1495 78% Strongly Agree

6. There was an increase in regional income (PAD) due

to tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1477 77% Agree

7. There is an increase in the incomes of hotels and

restaurants or tourist markets due to tourism activities in

Kecamatan Siak.

1545 81% Strongly Agree

Negative Impacts

1. There has been an increase in the cost of building fa-

cilities and infrastructure due to tourism activities in Ke-

camatan Siak.

1230 64% Agree

2. 2. There is an increase in prices of local goods and

basic goods due to tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1285 67% Agree

3. There is a gap of income due to tourism activities in

Kecamatan Siak..

1180 62% Agree

4. There has been unontrolled economic resources due to

tourism activities in Controlled Siak.

1214 63% Agree

for the community members. Meanwhile, the nega-

tive impact of tourism activities on the social sector

with the highest value was to agree on an increase

in social deviations such as promiscuity (commercial

sex), drug use and destruction of tourist attractions

due to tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak. Table 3

shows the total score, percentage and social impact

categories of tourism in Kecamatan Siak.

4.2 Impacts on Tourism Economy

The tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak have a very

positive impact or have many beneﬁts in the economic

ﬁeld for the community. The beneﬁts that have the

highest value was strongly agreeing to increase the

existence of local businesses due to tourism activities

in Kecamatan Siak. The negative impact of tourism

activities on the economic sector with the highest

value was that there would be an increase in prices

of local goods and basic goods due to tourism activ-

ities in Kecamatan Siak. The Table 5 shows the total

score, percentage and economic impact categories of

tourism in Kecamatan Siak.

4.3 Impacts on Tourism Culture

Tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak have a very pos-

itive impact or have many beneﬁts in the cultural ﬁeld

for the community. The highest value of beneﬁts

was strongly agreeing to increase tourism HR due to

tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak as shown in Ta-

ble 6.

5 CONCLUSION

The negative impact of tourism activities on the cul-

tural ﬁeld with the highest value was agreeing on the

occurrence of consumptive lifestyle due to tourism ac-

tivities in Kecamatan Siak. The table 6 shows the to-

tal score, percentage and cultural impact categories of

tourism in Kecamatan Siak. Employment, increase

in Tourism Human Resources, increase in encourage-

ment to preserve the environment, increase in encour-

agement to preserve traditional culture, etc. The nega-

tive impacts such as increase in social deviations such

as promiscuity (commercial sex), drug use and de-

struction of tourist attractions, increase in prices of lo-

cal goods and basic goods, consumptive life patterns.

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Table 6: Impact of tourism in Kecamatan Siak on culture.

Indicators Total Score Percentage Category

Positive Impacts

1. There has been an increase in the maintenance of cul-

tural monuments due to tourism activities in Kecamatan

Siak.

1473 77% Agree

2. There has been an increase in encouragement to pre-

serve traditional culture due to tourism activities in Keca-

matan Siak.

1599 84% Strongly Agree

3. There has been an increase in encouragement to pre-

serve the environment due to tourism activities in Keca-

matan Siak.

1633 85% Strongly Agree

4. Cultural exchanges occur due to tourism activities in

Kecamatan Siak.

1424 74% Agree

5. There has been an increase in cultural creativities and

innovations due to tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1587 83% Strongly Agree

6. There has been an increase in Tourism Human Re-

sources due to tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1683 86% Strongly Agree

Negative Impacts

1. There has been a disturbance of the Culture and Re-

ligious System due to tourism activities in Kecamatan

Siak.

887 46% Quite Agree

2. There has been commercialization due to tourism ac-

tivities in Kecamatan Siak.

1044 54% Quite Agree

3. There has been consumptive life patterns due to

tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1285 67% Agree

4. There has been the disruption of the environment due

to tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

1128 59% Quite Agree

5. There has been an occurrence of cultural pollution due

to tourism activities in Kecamatan Siak.

989 52% Quite Agree

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to thank Universitas Islam Riau for

funding this publication.

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