Learning Media Development Artistic Gymnastic Handspring Motion

on the Vaulting Table

Ch Fajar Sri Wahyuniati

, Niken Ayu Novita Sari

Sport Coaching Department, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No. 1, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Learning Media, Artistic Gymnastics, Handspring Motion on the Vaulting Table.

Abstract: This research aims to produce a product training videos and guidebooks learning media motion handspring

techniques on the vaulting table and determine the feasibility of products that can be used by coaches,

athletes, and sports teachers. Research method used is Research and Development. Small group trial on 7

respondents, large group trials 16 respondents. Respondents are athletes and coaches at the Selabora

gymnastics club Faculty of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University., The instrument used were

valuation sheet, and assessment scale questionnaire. Evaluation data is in the form of qualitative descriptive

and quantitative. Results of data analysis on research “Learning Media Artistic Gymnastics Handspring

Motion on The Vaulting Table" is a percentage of 84.61% respondents stated learning media "Very

Appropriate" and 15.38% of respondents said the learning media was "in accordance". Overall regarding

material aspects and product design obtained an average score of 4.5 or 90.9% of respondents stated "Very

Appropriate".

1 INTRODUCTION

Gymnastics is one type of sport requiring a set of

systematic physical movements put together to form

and develop personalities harmoniously. The word

gymnastics (English) or senam (Bahasa Indonesia)

originated from the word “Gymnastiek” (Muhajir,

2006). The name gymnastiek derives from the

ancient Greek “gymnos” which means nudity. In the

old days, gymnastiek was performed half-naked to

avoid any potential problems while practicing

movements. The international artistic gymnastics is

governed by Federation Internationale de

Gymnastique (FIG) while Indonesian artistic

gymnastics is under Indonesian Gymnastics

Association (PB PERSANI).

The apparatus being involved in artistic

gymnastics competition is as follows (Aka, B. A.,

2009):

(1) Men’s artistic gymnastics, involving six

competitive apparatus: (a)Floor Exercise, (b)Rings,

(c)Pommel Horse, (d)Parallel Bars, (e)Horizontal

Bar, (f)Vaulting Table.

(2) Women’s artistic gymnastics, involving four

competitive apparatus: (a)Vaulting Table, (b)Uneven

Bars, (c)Balance Beam, (d)Floor Exercise.

Basic moves in floor exercise should be

introduced early (Margono. A, 2009). As flexibility

is extremely needed in gymnastics, it is important to

introduce floor exercise to make sure muscles and

joints are ready and flexible. During training,

coaches need to not only be creative but also know

which learning media are best for their athletes.

Understanding and assigning the right learning

media for each of the athletes will help coaches

create fun training experiences, making it easier to

teach some basic techniques to the athletes. Exciting

training will potentially attract gymnasts, making

them fall in love with the sport as well as motivating

them to master basic and advanced techniques well.

The presence of media in the process of learning

is essential. Media help students see abstract

concepts and understand complex ideas. In addition,

learning media also help coaches reduce complex

verbal communication. In short, media help concrete

abstract matters and, therefore, help athletes

understand them.

Using media in teaching and learning process

can motivate new enthusiasm and interests, boost

learning motivation, and influence students’

psychologically (Arsyad. A., 2010). Using media

during the orientation phase of learning not only

makes the process more effective but also facilitate

Wahyuniati, C. and Sari, N.

Learning Media Development Artistic Gymnastic Handspring Motion on the Vaulting Table.

DOI: 10.5220/0009204900050008

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 5-8

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

knowledge transfer right at the moment. In addition

to motivating students’ interests, learning media

provide engaging, reliable data and help students

understand subject materials more easily, interpret

data, and compress information.

In artistic gymnastics learning, learning media

not only enable students to discover the joy in

coaching and training but also attain learning

objectives. According to Gagne & Brings,

“Teachers, as well as teams of instructional

designers, may carry out a comprehensive design of

instructional which depends upon the selection of

media” (Mu’adin. I., 2009).

Numerous training processes in Yogyakarta were

observed and, referring to the results, not all artistic

gymnastics coaches used learning media as an aid to

create effective message transfer to the athletes. In

addition, it was found that coaches were lacking of

references due to limited to no Indonesian version of

videos or books about artistic gymnastics,

handspring moves on vaulting table in particular.

After observations, it was found that some

coaches still relied on traditional teacher talking

approach, making it hard for athletes to concentrate,

grasp, and understand the messages during the

process of learning. As a result, it was harder for

them to acquire the trained skills and techniques.

Besides, relying solely on teacher talking approach

caused difficulties among athletes to master basic

moves in artistic gymnastics, particularly handspring

moves. Without creativity, the process of learning

would demotivate the athletes and lower their

performance.

It is expected that the development of learning

media for handspring moves over vaulting table can

help coaches to conduct fun training for athletes as

the products are in form of training video and

guidebook. The video, which can be accessed via

Youtube, shows not only steps in practicing

handspring moves over vaulting table but also names

and samples of the moves. The guidebook, on the

other hand, serves as complementary learning media

in practicing handspring moves over vaulting table

and provides definitions and pictures of each

movement.

As a reference for coaches in conducting

training, the guidebook can help coaches to

understand each movement before training. In

addition, the guidebook can also help athletes in

learning as the book provides readers with definition

and types of gymnastics including artistic, rhythmic,

acrobatic, aerobic, trampoline, and general

gymnastics. Reading the book and watching the

video help athletes to master the materials delivered

by the coach in both practice and theory. In short,

the right use of media in learning handspring moves

on vaulting table can help coaches solve problems in

coaching and training.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

This research was a research and development study

which, one type of study method to create certain

products and ensure effectiveness of the products

(Sugiyono, 2011). In short, research and

development is a learning process which aims at

developing new products or improving existing

products in the process of training and learning.

2.1 Time and Place

This research was conducted in Eastern Gymnastics

Hall of Sports Science Faculty of Universitas Negeri

Yogyakarta (FIK UNY), Caturtungal, Depok-

Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281. This place belonged to

Gymnastics School and Laboratory (Selabora) FIK

UNY and was used by gymnasts in Sleman regency

and Yogyakarta city to practice artistic, rhythmic,

and aerobic gymnastics. Started in March 2019 and

ended in April 2019, this research began with

collecting data and information as well as

discovering problems in the field.

2.2 Subject

This research involved artistic gymnastics coaches

and athletes practicing at Gymnastics School and

Laboratory (Selabora) of Sports Science Faculty,

Eastern Gymnastics Hall of Universitas Negeri

Yogyakarta. Respondents belonged to PERSANI

Sleman and PERSANI Yogyakarta.

2.3 Instrument

Data collection is required to gather data or

information for research purposes and a successful

data collection needs research instrument.

Instruments are tools to measure natural or social

phenomena on a topic of interest (Sugiyono, 2011).

This research adopted questionnaires, both open-

ended and close-ended. Using open-ended

questionnaires, researchers attempted to collect

feedback from samples; meanwhile, the use of close-

ended questionnaires allowed research subjects and

material and media experts to select from a set of

pre-defined responses. In this research, questionnaire

was basically used as a tool to collect quantitative

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

data on media feasibility level as a basis for product

revision.

2.4 Analysis Technique

After collection process, data were processed and

analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. For

product improvement purpose, feedback from

material and media experts was processed using

qualitative technique.

To validate data collected from observation of

coaches and athletes as well as training videos and

guidebook on handspring on vaulting table in artistic

gymnastics, five types of response were provided,

including “SS” for “Absolutely Appropriate” which

scored 5 (five), “S” for “Appropriate” which scored

4 (four), “KS” for “Slightly Inappropriate” which

scored 3 (three), “TS” for “Inappropriate” which

scored 2 (two) and “STS” for “Absolutely

Inappropriate” which scored 1 (one). This analysis

technique is known as Likert scale technique. The

formula used in calculating the percentage is as

follow:

Σ score from respondents’ responses (1)

Percentage = ___________________ x 100%

Σ ideal score of all items

The percentage was then classified into

categories. The classification was based on scoring

standards (PAP). To convert raw score into

categories using PAP, researchers first need to set

scoring criteria and their limits as presented in the

table below:

Table 1: Score conversion guidelines (sugiyono, 2011).

Score Range Criteria

80% to 100% Very feasible/effective

70% to 79% Feasible/effective

60% to 69% Somewhat feasible/effective

45% to 59% Less feasible/effective

<44% Extremely not feasible/effective

3 DISCUSSION

There were two products being examined in this

research entitled “Learning Media for Handspring

on Vaulting Table Moves in Artistic Gymnastics”

including “Handspring Moves on Vaulting Table in

Artistic Gymnastics Video” and “Handspring Moves

on Vaulting Table in Artistic Gymnastics

Guidebook”. The video showed ways to train

handspring moves on vaulting table. The practices

included, for example, running drills which

consisted of hurdle and board drills, handstand,

handstand straighteners and tightness into the table,

flight, and finishing. The guidebook consisted of

several chapters. Chapter 1 of the book discussed the

definition, history, and development of gymnastics

in Indonesia, types of gymnastics, definition of

artistic gymnastics, artistic gymnastics equipment

terminology, and definition of handspring. Chapter

2, on the other hand, contained guidelines on

practicing handspring move on vaulting table which

consisted of six stages similar to those presented in

the video. In the last chapter, Chapter 3, conclusion

and recommendation were presented.

According to Mas Wantanabe and Steve,

mastering handspring over the vaulting table moves

is obliged before gymnasts can master other more

complex moves as it helps them develop and

improve their techniques. The main components in

handspring over the vaulting table included fast

running, jumping onto the springboard, bouncing off

the springboard, rebounding into the air on its way

to the vault table, and hitting the table. All can be

improved by practicing handspring techniques well.

Looking at the importance of handspring moves on

vaulting table mastery, it is necessary to develop

media such as video and guidebook for learning

handspring moves over vaulting table.

The learning media being developed is an

innovation in artistic gymnastics training,

particularly in handspring on vaulting table moves,

which can be used by the gymnastics clubs.

“Learning Media for Handspring on Vaulting Table

Moves in Artistic Gymnastics” is excellent as it has

2 products that can be used independently or

simultaneously. Video makes gymnastics learning

easier as well as more interesting compared to

lecturing or talk-based training. Therefore, athletes

can have more positive attitude and interests towards

the training. Guidebook, on the other hand, is simple

and compact. Besides, it also provides knowledge on

the types of practice and details of artistic

gymnastics.

Once the products were ready, they were

validated by a group of experts consisting of

material and media experts as well as sent for small

group test and field test. After the test, it was known

that “Learning Media for Handspring on Vaulting

Table Moves in Artistic Gymnastics” were classified

into “Absolutely Appropriate” category. The

products scored 95% (Absolutely Appropriate) in

the validation process by material experts and 88.5%

(Absolutely Appropriate) in the validation process

by media experts. In small group test, the products

Learning Media Development Artistic Gymnastic Handspring Motion on the Vaulting Table

scored 85.8% with an average score of 4.2 %

(Absolutely Appropriate) while in field test, they

scored 90.0% with an average score of 4.5

(Absolutely Feasible). Results of the field test

indicated that the products were highly effective for

learning.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Products resulting from this research in the

development of “Learning Media for Handspring on

Vaulting Table Moves in Artistic Gymnastics” can

be used as learning media in artistic gymnastics

training to make learning of handspring moves on

vaulting table easier. Results of data analysis

indicated that artistic gymnastics athletes and

coaches at Selabora UNY Gymnastics Club

perceived “Handspring Moves on Vaulting Table in

Artistic Gymnastic Training Video” and

“Handspring Moves on Vaulting Table in Artistic

Gymnastic Guidebook” as feasible and appropriate

as seen from material, language, interface, and

application aspects. The test results showed that, for

84.61% respondents, the media were “Absolutely

Appropriate” while for the rest 15.58% respondents,

they were “Appropriate”. In regards to material and

product design aspects, the average score was 4.5

and 90.9% respondents considered them as

“Absolutely Feasible”.

REFERENCES

Aka, B. A., 2009. Cerdas dan Bugar dengan Senam

Lantai. Gramedia PT. Widiasarana Indonesia. Jakarta.

Mu’adin, I., 2009. Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran

Berbasis Komputer Untuk Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan

Kewarganegaraan SMP. Tesis. Program

Pascasarjana UNY.

Muhajir, 2006. Pendidikan Jasmani Teori dan Praktik.

Erlangga. Jakarta.

Sugiyono, 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif

dan R&D. CV Alfa Beta. Bandung.

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)