The Effect of Superdrill Exercise on the Increase of VO2 Max of

UKM (Students Activity Unit) Tenis Athlete of Yogyakarta State

University

Risti Nurfadhila

, Elen Meytika

, Abdul Alim

Sport Coaching Department, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No.1 Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: VO2 Max, Superdrill, Groundstroke.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the "superdrill" exercise model on the increase of

VO2 Max of UKM tennis athlete of Yogyakarta State University. This research’s type was quasi-

experimental research that aims to link of causality-causation. The design used in this study was "one group

pretest-posttest design". The subject of this research used 7 athletes from UKM tennis of Yogyakarta State

University. The instrument in this study was a multistage test. The data analysis technique uses the t-test,

which is by analyzing the results of the pretest and posttest before and after treatment with the same data

sample. Before the t-test, first test for normality and homogeneity. Based on the results of the paired t test

obtained p value (sig.) of 0.003. Significance value 0.003 <0.05, so there is a significant effect. Thus it can

be concluded that there is an influence of the "superdrill" exercise model on VO2 Max of UKM tennis

athlete of Yogyakarta State University.

1 INTRODUCTION

Field tennis game requires the main biomotor

components which consist of: endurance, strength,

and speed. The ability to breathe air (oxygen) to the

maximum extent possible (VO2 Max). By having an

adequate VO2 Max the athletes will be able to

quickly process the recovery and overcome

exhaustion (Sukadiyanto, 2002). In the world of

sports the term endurance VO2 Max is very highly

need to resist exhaustion during activity or work in

order to able to work longer and will not get tired

more quickly. The component of endurance

biomotor VO2 Max is often used as a benchmark to

determine the level of physical fitness of the tennis

athletes (Sukadiyanto, 2002). Endurance exercises

affect the quality of the cardiovascular system,

breathing, and circulatory system. Athletes who

have good endurance (aerobic and anaerobic) in the

good systems conditions, the fulfillment of the

energy needs runs well.

Endurance training is the body's ability to resist

exhaustion so that the body is able to do activities or

work in a relatively fast time to get back in shape

(Faiz, 2015). VO2 Max is maximum exertion. VO2

Max is stated in liters/minute (Faiz, 2015). In order

to improve VO2 Max training programs must be

carried out carefully, systematically, regularly and

always improved, following the principles and

methods of training that are accurate in order to

achieve the expected goals.

Drill is an exercise that requires a lot of

repetition in order to produce movements that are

close to automation (if done repeatedly). The drill

approach means students make movements

according to what the teacher or trainer has

instructed and do them repeatedly. This repetition of

motions is intended to lead to automation. Superdrill

is a training method that is very concerned about

ratio, rest and work in its implementation. Applying

this method can be done on over 17 year-old

athletes, seeing that their abilities are technically,

physically, tactically, and mentally able to do this

method. The superdrill method in Indonesia is rarely

applied by coaches who do not keep up with

development of the world of field tennis training.

Superdrill is a new form of training method

released by the International Tennis Federation (ITF,

2018) in international and national coach seminars

led by popular Indonesian trainer in collaboration

with the Dutch trainer Mr. Frank. Mr. Frank

explained that the superdrill training method is a

Nurfadhila, R., Meytika, E. and Alim, A.

The Effect of Superdrill Exercise on the Increase of VO2 Max of UKM (Students Activity Unit) Tenis Athlete of Yogyakarta State University.

DOI: 10.5220/0009209600370042

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 37-42

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

new exercise and can be applied during training in

order to meet the needs of athletes.

Superdrill is usually done by two people in pairs

by passing the ball themselves, then rallying as long

as possible with a tempo that should not be too fast

and should not be too slow and may not make slice

shots. Or it can be done by the coach giving the ball

to the athletes in the field so that a direct rally

occurs. The purpose of this superdrill is to increase

endurance and speed, since each athlete conducting

a rally may give the ball to the target they want, but

without killing each other.

The use of the superdrill method in Special

Region of Yogyakarta itself is still relatively low,

because the trainers rarely attend national trainer

seminars and are knowledgeable about this method

and they are still monotonous in making training

programs. Therefore the researchers raised this topic

to be applied to the athletes of UNY field tennis

student activity unit to use this new method to

improve the VO2 Max groundstroke technique of

UNY Field Tennis UKM athletes.

Biomotor endurance (VO2 Max) is very

important and is needed by most tennis athletes in

the Special Region of Yogyakarta. From the data on

the field from the UNY field tennis team can be

observed that the athletes still have poor endurance.

According to the trainers, it is due to not getting

training for endurance and also the training given by

the trainers is still very monotonous and has not

varied. Data obtained by observation at the club

approximately for a month shows that the tennis

athletes during the rally with a target of 1.5 meters

behind the baseline and 1 meter next to the ally line,

they could only perform a maximum of 19 rallies

with a program of 1 set of 8 repetitions. This is due

to the poor level of training is which causes the

athlete to get tired in a short period of time. Lack of

knowledge of the trainer towards the training

program will cause the athletes to develop less

optimally. The trainer needs to apply the superdrill

training method to find out the increased endurance

(VO2 Max of the athlete).

Based on the problems arises the researchers will

try to apply the superdrill training method to

increasing VO2 Max on the UNY Field Tennis

Team. Therefore, the problem found was compiled

into a research entitled "The Effect of Superdrill

Exercise on Increase of VO2 Max in Athletes of the

UNY Field Tennis Student Activity Unit".

2 RESEARCH METHODS

2.1 Research Type

The research method employed by the authors is

quasi-experimental method (Quasi Experiment). The

design used in this research is "one group pretest-

posttest design", a research design that has a pretest

before being treated and posttest after being treated

(treatment). Thus it can be known more accurately

because it can compare between before being treated

and after being treated (Sugiyono, 2015).

2.2 Research Time and Place

This research was conducted on 6 November-18

December 2018 at the UNY Outdoor Tennis Field.

The pretest time was taken on November 6, 2018 at

16:00 West Indonesia Time and the posttest time

was taken on December 16, 2018 at 16:00 West

Indonesia Time. Treatment of this study was carried

out for 16 meetings with a frequency of exercise 3

times in 1 week on Tuesday, Friday and Saturday.

2.3 Research Time and Place

The population of this study was UNY tennis field

UKM athletes, amounting to 30 students. The

sampling technique in this study uses purposive

sampling technique because the sampling used does

not apply on all UNY tennis field UKM athletes but

possessed the following criteria: Having the ability

to perform groundstroke, healthy both in spiritual

and physical terms. The number of athletes taken to

be sample are 7 male athletes.

2.4 Procedure

The research stage is all of the samples did a pretest

and then given treatment. The test used is a

Multistage Test to measure the VO2Max level of

each sample. Then, this test is also used when taking

the final post-test data.

2.5 Data and Data Collection

Technique

The instrument in this research are tests and

measurements. Data retrieved by conducting a

physical test with the multistage test method.

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

Data collection will be carried out by conducting

pretest, treatment and posttest, using test and

measurement methods. The data collection

mechanism is as follows:

(1) At the first meeting, the VO2 Max of the

athletes of UNY Tennis Field UKM measured using

the Multistage test.

(2) In the second, third meeting, up to the 17th

meeting and afterwards, they took the form of

superdrill treatment with a predetermined training

session.

(3) At the 18th meeting posttest with multistage

test conducted.

2.6 Data Analysis Technique

Data analysis uses normality test, homogeneity test

and hypothesis test. Normality test aims to

determine whether or not the distribution of samples

is normal. Normality test in this research uses the

Chi-Squared formula. Homogeneity test aims to

determine whether or not the homogeneous

population of the sample is taken. Homogeneity

calculation using the F. test To test the hypothesis of

this research using the t test. Tests are used to

compare between two variables whether significant

or not. After the test requirements are met, the

hypothesis test is conducted, in this research the

hypothesis test is used to determine whether there is

a difference between the pretest and posttest.

3 RESEARCH RESULT AND

DISCUSSION

3.1 Result

Table 1: Pre-test multistage test data description.

Name Sex VO

Max

AIM M 42,4

PEW M 47,5

M 31

SRM M 34,3

FGN M 39,9

FRB M 37,08

RDM M 42,4

The result of the pre-test data research shows the

lowest VO2 Max number of 31, the highest VO2

Max number of 47.5, the average value of 39.9, and

the most number that appears (modus) of 42.4. From

the results of the pretest data above follows

summaries of VO2 Max categories of research

subjects.

Table 2: Pre-test multistage test data result.

Category Male Total Percentage

Very low

M<38

3 3 42.85

Low

M: 39-43

3 3 42.85

Average

M: 44-51

1 1 14.28

Good

M: 52-56

0 0 0

Very good

M: 57-62

0 0 0

Table 2 shows that out of 7 research subjects 3

(42.85%) people are in the very low category; 3

(42.85%) people are in the low category; 1 (28.57%)

person is in the average category. The following is a

diagram of the Multistage pretest data against VO2

Max:

Figure 1: Diagram of the multistage pretest data against

VO2 Max

The result of the pretest data research shows the

lowest max number of 35.7, the highest VO2 Max

number of 48, and the average number of 42.97.

From the results of the pretest data above follows

summaries of VO2 Max categories of research

subjects. From the results of the pre-test data above

follows summaries of VO2 Max categories of

research subjects.

The Effect of Superdrill Exercise on the Increase of VO2 Max of UKM (Students Activity Unit) Tenis Athlete of Yogyakarta State University

Table 3: Post-test multistage data description.

Category Male Total Percentage

Very low

M<38

2 2 28.57

Low

M: 39-43

1 1 14.28

Average

M: 44-51

4 4 57.14

Good

M: 52-56

0 0 0

Very good

M: 57-62

0 0 0

Table 3 shows that out of 7 research subjects as

many as 2 (28.57%) people are in the very low

category; 1 (14.28%) person is in the low category;

4 (57.14%) people are in the average category.

Following is the Multistage posttest data diagram for

VO2 Max:

Figure 2: Vo2 Max posttest data diagram of researchers

subject

Before testing the hypothesis, the normality test

was done first. The result of this normality test can

be seen in the table below.

Table 4: Normality test.

Variable Si

. Descri

tion

Multistage

Pretest 0.200 Normal

Posttest 0.200 Normal

Based on the table above the Asymp.Sig value of

the l dribbling variable pretest is 0.200 and the post

dribbling test is 0.200. Because the Asymp.Sig value

of the two variables are all greater than 0.05, the

hypothesis stated that sample is based on a normally

distributed population is accepted.

The result of this homogeneity test can be seen in

the table below

Table 5: Homogeneity test.

Variable Si

. Descri

tion

Multistage

0.946 Homogeneous

Based on homogeneity test results obtained p

value (sig.) of 0.946. Significance value of 0.946>

0.05, this means that the variance is homogeneous.

The results of the t-test hypothesis test can be

seen as follows:

Table 6: Paired t test.

Variable Si

. Descri

tion

Multistage

0.03 Significant

Based on the paired t test result obtained p value

(sig.) of 0.003. Significant value of 0.003 <0.05,

then there is a significant effect. Thus it can be

concluded that there is an influence of the

"superdrill" training model on VO2Max at UNY

Field Tennis UKM Athletes.

3.2 Discussion

Physical condition is one of the indispensable

prerequisites in any attempt to improve the

achievements of an athlete, it can even be said to be

the basic foundation of a starting point for sports

achievement. There are two energy systems in

tennis, namely aerobics and anaerobic, and the one

system dominant in tennis is the anaerobic energy

system. With a good level of anaerobic endurance, it

is very easy for athletes to hit while chasing the ball

and running concurrently to get points. In this field

tennis game it is crucial because in training or

competition an athlete must be able to get points,

either by killing, or the opponents make their own

mistakes. In training the trainer gives a fixed target

to the athlete so that the athlete can achieve

maximum results, but at other times the trainer also

provides several targets at each point on the field, in

order to train the athletes physically and tactically.

The results of the training process can be applied

during the match in order to get the ball away from

the opponents to make it easier for the athletes to get

points.

Field tennis game has a character with an

intermittent training pattern, because the duration of

the game is sometimes short or long and only

provides 60-90 seconds of rest interlude (Fernandez,

Villanueva, and Pluim, 2006). The rules on rest have

been set and controlled directly by the ITF, since

MAX POST-TEST

DATA PERCENTAGE

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

2004 the rest period was given 20 seconds at the

change of point, 90 seconds at the change of place,

and 120 seconds at the change of sets. Related to the

duration of field tennis game sometimes takes more

than 1 hour and in some matches the duration takes

more than 5 hours.

Based on the calculation of the effective time

used to play only 22% of the total time used to play

the entire game, so it can be assumed that the main

energy needs during tennis is 78% aerobic and 22%

anaerobic. However, it can be seen that the dominant

energy used when hitting the ball is the anaerobic

system. Since when hitting the ball the ATP-PC

energy system is more dominant. Tennis games

requires 70% ATP-PC and LA energy systems, 20%

LA-O2 energy and 10% energy from oxygen (O2)

(Sukadiyanto, 2002). In reality in the field the

predominant energy of tennis game is 70%

anaerobic, but it needs to be based on the ability of

good aerobic capacity even though only 10%.

In the superdrill training method athletes are

required to always keep the ball tight and keep the

ball away from the opponents. In this case superdrill

is a training method that is very concerned about

ratio, rest and work. Applying this method can be

done on over 17 year-old athletes, seeing that their

abilities are technically, physically, tactically, and

mentally able to do this method. The superdrill

method in Indonesia is rarely applied by coaches

who do not keep up with development in the world

of tennis court training.

Superdrill can be done by 2 people in pairs by

passing the ball alone then, rallying for as long as

possible with low intensity (50%) to medium

intensity (70%) for a long period of time, but

athletes are free to place the ball as they want, so

that these athletes are required to be able to reach the

ball anywhere. Or can be done by the coach giving

the ball to the athletes in the field so that a direct

rally occurs. However, in this method a slice shot

cannot be taken, because the slice is considered to be

difficult or deadly for the ball at the time of the rally.

The purpose of this superdrill is to increase

endurance and speed, because each athlete

conducting a rally may give the ball to the target

they want, but without killing each other.

Why can this method increase VO2 Max? Based

on the calculation the effective time used to play

takes only 22% of the total time of the entire game,

so it can be assumed that the main energy needs

during the tennis game is 78% aerobic and 22%

anaerobic, but in reality in the field the tennis game

predominant energy is 70% anaerobic, but it needs

to be based on a good anaerobic capacity, even

though only 10%. With this superdrill method, both

athletes must be prepared to chase and hit the ball

(groundstroke) made by the opponents. Tennis game

is not only about technique, tactics and mentality,

but physical is very important in supporting the

athletes’ game in the field, particularly at the

advanced level. Because at the advanced level this

groundstroke technique is widely used in various

situations in playing tennis such as when receiving

service, performing rallies, approaching shots and

passing shoots.

Superdrill method is one way to increase VO2

Max through groundstroke technique, with the rule

of 2 players doing rallies, placing the ball as they

wish, using a single pitch, not allowed to do slice

shots, the time given to do it until the specified

break. In the case of finding and improving a

physical quality, it will give 1 minute to rally and 1-

4 sets and time to rest.

In this method must pay attention to work, rest

and ratio. Thus W:R used is 1:1. The reason for

applying work, rest, and ratio is due to the target of

the intended training is to increase the maximum

achievement of VO2 Max, it requires the

consistently fit physical condition to be able to rally

optimally. The training must be carried out steadily,

progressively, and continuously (Sukadiyanto,

2002). Being steady means that the training must be

carried out continuously, and avoid training by turns.

Forward means practice is increasing by daily.

While continuing means that in every exercise is a

continuation of the process of previous exercises. By

gradually increasing the load in an exercise program

(Suharjana, 2007). When exercise adaptation has

taken place, the heavy load will feel light. For that,

in applying the principle of overload (overload) must

be done in stages, carefully, continuously, and

precisely. This means that each goal has a certain

period of time to be adapted by athletes. After a

period of time is reached, the training load must

begin to increase.

Based on the analysis of the data above it can be

concluded that efforts to increase VO2 Max through

superdrill training methods have an effect in

increasing VO2 Max UNY Field Tennis athletes.

The importance of VO2 Max in the field tennis

sports branch is very influential in the field

performance, not only when training but also when

the match takes place. By possessing a good VO2

Max a tennis athlete will not quickly experience

The Effect of Superdrill Exercise on the Increase of VO2 Max of UKM (Students Activity Unit) Tenis Athlete of Yogyakarta State University

exhaustion while playing or in an efforts to improve

certain techniques.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the research conducted, it can be

concluded that this superdrill training method has an

influence in the increasing of VO2 Max of field

tennis UKM athletes in UNY in supporting

maximum performance.

Based on the analysis and discussion of research

data, the results of the pretest data show that out of 7

research subjects as many as 3 (42.85%) people are

in the very low category; 3 (42.85%) people are in

the low category; 1 (14.28%) people are in the

average category. After given the treatment as many

as 16 times of meeting, it shows posttest results out

of 7 research subjects as many as 2 (28.57%) people

are in

Very low category; 1 (14.28%) person is in low

category; 4 (57.14%) people are in average category.

From the above research as a whole shows that VO2

Max of 7 athletes experienced an improvement of

9.53%.

REFERENCES

Faiz, M., 2015. Circuit Training Dengan Rasio 1:1 dan

Rasio 1:2 Terhadap Peningkatan VO2 Max. JSSF 4(3).

54-55.

Fernandez, J., Mendez-vVillanueva, A., Pluim, B. M.,

2006. Br J Sports Med, 40, 87-391.

INTERNATIONAL TENNIS FEDERATION, 2018.

Coaching Education Programe. Tennis Icoach.

Suharjana, 2007. Prinsip beban latihan. FIK Universitas

Negeri Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta.

Sukadiyanto, 2002. Teori dan metodologi melatih fisik

petenis. FIK UNY. Yogyakarta.

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)