The Relationship between Healthy Lifestyle and the Level of Physical

Fitness of 8

Graders at State Junior High-school 1 in Sleman

Yundhi Arfianto

, F. X. Sugiyanto

Yogyakarta State University, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Departement of Sport Science, Graduate School

Keywords: Healthy Lifestyle, Physical Fitness, 8

graders

Abstract: Nowadays, along with the entry of globalization in Indonesia, there are a lot of habits ignoring physical

activities and healthy lifestyle in one's life. These habits can certainly influence one’s physical fitness. This

study aims to analyze whether there is a relationship between a healthy lifestyle and the level of physical

fitness of 8th grade students at State Junior High School 1 in Sleman. This correlation study was a survey

employing several instruments, such as measurement tests, questionnaires for investigating healthy lifestyle,

and TKJI tests for examining physical fitness of 13 to 15-year-old students. The subjects of this study were

the 30 students of eighth graders at State Junior High School 1 in Sleman. The data analysis technique used

the product moment correlation coefficient (Karl Pearson) at a significance level of 0.05 or 5%. The results

obtained by the r hit value showed (0.960)> r tab (0.361) which meant that there was a significant

relationship between healthy lifestyle and the level of physical fitness of 8

graders at State Junior High

School 1 in Sleman.

1 INTRODUCTION

Physical Fitness in the era of modernization is

the main asset that should be owned by everyone,

both adults and children. In addition to avoid various

kinds of diseases, physical fitness is helpful to carry

out various daily activities, so that there is no

complaint of fatigue that can hinder their activities.

A good level of physical fitness is needed along

with the increasing activities carried out by

someone. Anyone with a good level of physical

fitness will easily carry out a series of activities in

daily activities without feeling fatigue. Physical

fitness is defined as the ability of a person to carry

out his daily tasks easily without feeling exhausted,

and still has the remaining of energy to enjoy his

leisure time and to be used for sudden necessities

(Sumosardjuno, 2007). The definition of physical

fitness is "the ability of a person to do daily work

efficiently without having excessive fatigue, so that

he can enjoy his free time" (Irianto, 2004). Freshness

is classified into three groups, namely 1) static

fitness (the condition of a person who is free from

disease and disability, or is called healthy); 2)

dynamic fitness (the ability of a person to work

efficiently that does not require special skills, such

as walking, running, jumping, lifting); and 3)

motorized fitness (the ability of a person to work

efficiently to meet special skills).

Physical fitness coaching is important to improve

physical quality, because it helps a person to carry

out activities in their daily lives so that they can

improve their quality of life. There are a lot of

choices for physical activities that can be done by

someone in order to improve his or her quality of

life, for example walking, running, cycling, and

doing gymnastics. Most people do not know the

benefits of these activities, since they only do sport

and games for pleasure. Usually, the activities are

done without considering the principles of

appropriate training programs as they should have.

The function of physical fitness is to improve the

working ability for anyone, so that he or she can

carry out his or her duties optimally to get better

results. Nowadays, a lot of people are aware of their

health. Many people are eager to improve their

health by exercising, so that they feel healthy and

more enthusiastic in their lives. Moreover, for

school-age children, physical fitness is very

important to make them healthy, active and cheerful,

and therefore they can always be passionate and

110

Arﬁanto, Y. and Sugiyanto, F.

The Relationship between Healthy Lifestyle and the Level of Physical Fitness of 8th Graders at State Junior High-school 1 in Sleman.

DOI: 10.5220/0009214001100114

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 110-114

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

have good concentration whenever receiving lessons

in school, both inside and outside the classroom.

Physical abilities consist of ten biomotoric

components, namely 1) structure, 2) endurance

(consisting of cardio respiratory endurance and

muscle endurance), 3) explosive power, 4) speed, 5)

flexibility, 6) accuracy, 7 ) reaction, 8) agility, 9)

balance, and 10) coordination (Bompa, 1983). A

person who has good physical fitness will have a

relatively better quality of the components

mentioned above.

Lifestyle is a person's style of living expressed in

his activities, interests, and opinions (Kotler, 2002).

Lifestyle describes "the whole person" in interacting

with their environment. In addition, lifestyle is to

show how people live, how they spend money, and

how they allocate time (Minor and Mowen, 2002).

Therefore, it can be concluded that lifestyle is a

pattern of life which is expressed in their activities,

interests and opinions in spending their money and

allocating their time.

Lifestyle is an illustration for everyone who

wears it and describes how much the moral value of

the person in the community around him. Lifestyle is

an art that is cultivated by everyone. Lifestyle is also

very closely related to the times and technology. As

time goes on and the technology becomes more

sophisticated, there is also a widespread of

development in the application of human lifestyles

for everyday life.

Healthy lifestyle includes behaviors and

activities related to efforts in maintaining and

improving health that affect physical fitness. Healthy

lifestyle has an important role to improve the health

of each individual. It can be done by having a

balanced diet, doing regular patterns of activities or

sport, and getting enough sleep, so that each

individual will be free from disease (Suryanto,

2011). This makes the body healthy, and physical

fitness can be maintained properly.

Healthy lifestyle is a simple choice that can

appropriately be done by having a healthy diet,

thoughts, habits and environment. Being healthy can

include anything to reach good and positive results.

Healthy living involves adequate and good physical,

psychological, environmental and financial aspects.

According to the healthy lifestyle tabloid, healthy

living is a way of organizing life processes to

provide positive conditions for yourself and the

environment.

In fact, along with the entry of globalization in

Indonesia, life patterns are now becoming sedentary.

A sedentary lifestyle is a pattern of life where a

person does not do much physical activity or does

not do many movements. People with sedentary

lifestyles often ignore physical activities, or tend to

do activities that do not require a lot of energy.

Nowadays, children prefer to enjoy games and

social networks in the electronic devices rather than

playing with peers around their houses. They prefer

chatting using electronic devices to directly

interacting with their friends. When going to school,

children are also spoiled with vehicles owned by

their parents even though the distance between their

houses and schools is not too far away.

The school has tried to provide students' rooms

and play halls, such as table tennis courts in separate

rooms, but not all students have optimized all of

them. Food sold in school canteens, ranging from

fast food to snacks, also does not support students to

maintain physical fitness. This problem can certainly

be an obstacle for students to maintain physical

fitness. On the other hand, there are also students

who bring food from home, which is certainly

cleaner and healthier.

The desire of parents to have smart children also

affects the child's rest time. After school, they are

still required to take lessons at the parents' will. Rest,

which is considered so important for junior high

school students, gradually decreases and this may

affect the fitness of students later. However, there

are also parents who have paid attention to their

child's physical fitness by giving the vitamins to

their children to avoid the risk of illness.

According to the explanation above, it can be

explained that lifestyle problems affect students'

physical fitness. One of the examples is the problem

of 8

grade’s attendance at Sleman 1 Junior High

School which is rarely perfect. Almost every day,

there are a number of students who go to the School

Health Unit (UKS) complaining about their physical

fitness. This problem is suspected due to the lack of

movement, lack of sense of achievements in sport,

and food and beverages which is not promoting

physical fitness sold in the school environment. The

expectations and goals of learning to get good

results are thus not fully achieved as expected.

Based on the description above, a study is

needed to investigate the relationship between

healthy lifestyles and the level of physical fitness of

eighth grade students at State Junior High School 1,

in Sleman , in Special Region of Yogyakarta in the

Academic Year of 2015/2016.

The Relationship between Healthy Lifestyle and the Level of Physical Fitness of 8th Graders at State Junior High-school 1 in Sleman

111

2 RESEARCH METHOD

This was a correlational study that aimed to

analyze the relationship between healthy lifestyle

and physical fitness. This study used a survey

method with questionnaires, tests and measurement

techniques. This research was conducted on August

8, 2016 at State Junior High School 1 in Sleman.

The population employed in this study was 8

grade

students with a total of 180 students from 6 classes.

Later, samples were randomly selected by choosing

5 children from each class. This research was

conducted by filling out a healthy lifestyle

questionnaire and conducting the 2010 TKJI test

from the Ministry of National Education for ages 13-

15 years.

Factors to support a healthy lifestyle consist of

food and beverages; personal hygiene;

environmental hygiene; illness and disease; balance

between activities; rest; and exercise (Notoadmojo,

1993). From each factor, the indicators are arranged.

Indicators of eating and drinking are the types of

food and beverages consumed, as well as meal

schedules. Personal hygiene includes bathing,

cleaning hair, cleaning mouth and teeth, clean and

harmonious clothes. Environmental hygiene

indicators are the role of students in residence and in

school. Indicators of illness and disease are health

care, disease prevention, medical treatment, and

health recovery. Moreover, the balance factor

between activities, rest and exercise are seen from

adequate rest periods, sleep disturbances, exercise

intensity, and health sport.

The instrument used to measure physical fitness

in this study was the 2010 Physical Fitness Test

(TKJI) from the Ministry of National Education for

13-15 year olds. The reliability of the test set for

girls aged 13-15 years has a value of 0.959, while

the validity of the test set for boys aged 13-15 years

has a value of 0.923. The physical fitness test series

for adolescents aged 13-15 years were 50 meters

sprint, male body lift test, female bending elbow

hanging test, sit-up for 60 seconds, vertical jump,

and long distance running 1000 meters for boys and

800 meters for girls.

The normality test aimed to determine whether

the data distribution is deviant or not from the

normal distribution. The calculation of this study

used the SPSS 17.0 tool using the Kolmogorof-

Smirnov data analysis technique.

Linearity test was used to predict whether the

independent variables were linear to the dependent

variable. This test was carried out using the SPPS

17.0 program.

Double linear regression is a regression where

the dependent variable is linked / explained more

than one variable but still shows a linear relationship

diagram. This test analysis used the help of the SPSS

program with the Pearson Product-Moment

Correlation Coefficient formula.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Healthy lifestyle measurements were carried out on

August 8, 2016. Data were obtained from filling out

questionnaires distributed to students. Based on the

results from 30 children, research statistics were

obtained for healthy lifestyle data, namely minimum

score (107); maximum score (142); mean (128.86);

median (131); mode (132); and standard deviation

(3.8).

The obtained data of the frequency distribution

of healthy lifestyle for eighth grade students at State

Junior High School 1 in Sleman were as follows.

Table 1: Description of healthy lifestyle data

Intervals Category F %

>135 Excellent 6 20

128-134 Good 13 43,3

121-127 Moderate 9 30

114-120

Deficient 0 0

<113 Very

Deficient

2 6,7

Total 30 100

When displayed in the form of a diagram, the

data could be seen in the picture below.

Figure 1: Healthy lifestyle data diagram.

Based on the data shown in the table and figure

above, the healthy lifestyle of the eighth grade

Healthy Lifestyle Category

Excellent

Good

Moderate

Deficient

VeryDeficient

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

112

students at Junior High School 1 in Sleman were

mostly in the good category (43.3%) for 13 children,

in the moderate category (30%) for 9 children, in the

excellent category (20%) for 6 children, in the

category of very deficient (6.7%) for 2 children and

there were none in the deficient category.

Based on the results from 30 children, research

statistics were obtained for physical fitness, namely

minimum score (10); maximum score (20); average

(15.3); median (15); mode (15) and standard

deviation (2.1). Descriptions of physical fitness

research results were presented in the following

tables and figures.

Table 2: Description of physical fitness data.

Value Category F %

22-25 Excellent 00 0

18-21 Good 5 16,7

14-17 Moderate 19 63,3

10-13 Deficient 6 20

5-9 Very Deficient 0 0

Total 30 100

When displayed in the form of a diagram, the

data could be seen as follow.

Figure 2: Physical fitness data diagram.

Based on the data shown in the table and

figure above, it was known that the physical fitness

level of Grade VIII students of Junior High School 1

in Sleman was in the good category (16.7%) for 6

children, in a moderate category (63, 3%) 19

children, in the deficient category (20%) for 5

children. However, none fell into the category of

excellent and very deficient.

Normality testing, using the Kolmogorov-

Smirnov test with the criteria, helped to determine

the normal distribution. The distribution is declared

as normal if p> 0.05 (5%) , and abnormal if p <0.05

(5%).

After carrying out the normality test with the

SPSS 17 Kolmogorov-Smirnov, it was found that

significant value of a healthy lifestyle level of

0.427> 0.05 and significant value of physical fitness

level of 0.759> 0.05.

In conclusion, the data for healthy lifestyle and

physical fitness were normally distributed since the

significance value of the two variables is greater

than 0.05.

Linearity test aimed to determine linearity

between healthy lifestyle variables and physical

fitness level. The relationship test between the two

variables was carried out with the SPSS 17 program.

Using SPSS 17, the linearity of relationship could be

drawn by looking at the criteria table values. It was

regarded as linear relationship if the sign > 0.05.

However, it was considered as non-linear

relationship if the sign <0.05

Based on the data obtained, the significance

value was 0.015. Thus, the conclusion of the

significance value of 0.015 was <0.05, which meant

there was no significant linear relationship between

the variables x healthy lifestyle with variable y

physical fitness.

The hypothesis is a temporary answer to the

problem that has been formulated, therefore the

hypothesis must be tested empirically. Testing is

done to find out whether the collected data supports

the hypothesis or, on the contrary, rejects the

proposed hypothesis. For this reason, in this study

the product moment correlation (Karl Pearson) with

SPSS 17 analysis was used.

Based on the sample for the test with 30 students

with a significance of 5%, could be the value of df,

df = n-2 (30-2) = 28. To read the r table could be

seen in table r product moment at 5% significance,

and the value of r table showed 0.361 (correlation

coefficient r for significant level).

The test of rx.y = 0.960> r table showed 0.361

meaning that there was a significant relationship

between a healthy lifestyle and physical fitness

level.

Physical fitness is the ability of a person to carry

out daily tasks easily without feeling exhausted and

to have a reserved of energy to enjoy leisure time

and for sudden needs. Good physical fitness can be

obtained with the support of various factors.

This study intends to find out the relationship

between healthy lifestyle and the level of physical

fitness of 8

grade students at Junior High School 1

in Sleman. From the results of data analyses, the

value of the correlation coefficient (r hit) is 0.960> r

tab was 0.361. The results showed that there was a

significant relationship between healthy lifestyle and

Physical Fitness Category

Excellent

Good

Moderate

Deficient

VeryDeficient

The Relationship between Healthy Lifestyle and the Level of Physical Fitness of 8th Graders at State Junior High-school 1 in Sleman

113

physical fitness of 8

graders at Junior High School

1 in Sleman. It is proven that a healthy lifestyle

plays a crucial role in improving children's physical

fitness. The better healthy lifestyle, the better

physical fitness level . A person's physical condition

can be maintained by applying a healthy lifestyle.

Healthy lifestyle can be based on food and

beverages; personal hygiene and the environment;

illness and disease; exercise; and rest. Foods and

beverages must contain substances needed by the

body, such as carbohydrate, protein, fat, minerals,

vitamins and water. The function of nutritious food

is producing energy substances, building materials

and regulating substances. Energy sources are very

necessary for the body to do daily activities, so that

adequate and good nutrition will support the body in

carrying out activities. Lack of energy will make the

body weak and unable to carry out activities

properly. In order to be able to meet the energy, a

good diet is needed. A healthy diet is reflected by

the regularity of consuming hygienic and nutritious

food and paying attention to the time and its

ingredients.

Personal hygiene is the first and foremost thing

before others. The goals of personal hygiene are (1)

to know the benefits of personal hygiene, (2) to be

able to clean their own body parts, and (3) to be able

to apply self-hygiene treatments for healthy living.

Personal hygiene and the environment are related to

one's physical condition. By maintaining personal

hygiene, one will be able to avoid certain types of

diseases.

Illness and disease are related to the efforts

carried out starting from maintenance, prevention,

and recovery actions. Rest and physical exercises

related to sports activities and daily activities should

be carried out. students of junior high school are

considered to be active students. Their movements

in school and outside school can indirectly be a

means of increasing physical fitness, since physical

fitness will increase along with increasing physical

activity. The higher physical activity carried out

every day, the better physical fitness gained.

To achieve good physical fitness, some activities

must be done in order to improve the physical fitness

of students, for example by doing regular sports

activities with adequate rest. By doing that, physical

fitness will be well-maintained. Finally, to maintain

one's physical fitness, one should always maintain

healthy living behavior.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the result of research and discussion,

conclusions could be obtained as follows.

From the results of calculations obtained, the

value of the correlation coefficient (r) wass 0.960

and it could be interpreted that there was a

significant relationship between healthy lifestyle and

the level of physical fitness of 8

graders of State

Junior High School 1 in Sleman.

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YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

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