The Effect of Part and Whole Methods to Improving Shooting

Accuracy in Futsal Players of UNY

Subagyo Irianto

, Fitrian Agung Yudhistomo

Sport Coaching Department, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No.1 Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Part Method, Whole Method, Shooting Accuracy

Abstract: This research aims to identify the effects of part and whole method in increasing the shooting accuracy for

the players of UNY Futsal Club. This research’s method is experimental research with two groups pre-test

post-test as its design. The population for this research is 20 players from the UNY male futsal club, and

they were chosen using the total sampling technique. All the samples are given a pretest in the form of

shooting accuracy in order to determine the treatment group, the result of the test was ranked, and then

matched with the A-B-B-A cycle into two groups, consisting of 10 members each. This research uses the

instep as its research instrument, with the validity of 0.978 and reliability of 0.989. This research uses T-test

as its data analysis technique, with the significance level of 5%. The result of this research shows that (1)

there is a significance effects on the use of part method in increasing the shooting accuracy of the players,

with the T-count 6.946 > T-table 2.262, and the significance value 0.000 < 0.05, and the increasing number

of the percentage as much as 28.88%. (2) There is a significance effect on the use of whole method in

increasing the shooting accuracy of the players, with T-count 5.823 > T-table 2.262, and the significance

value 0.000 < 0.05, and the increasing of the percentage as much as 19.46%. (3) The part method is better

than the whole method in increasing the shooting accuracy of the players, with the post-test mean difference

of 1.8.

1 INTRODUCTION

Futsal game is a sports game played by teams that

require teamwork in each group. Futsal game not

only requires teamwork but also individual

techniques. Some aspects of skill mastery in futsal

include technique skills, understanding of tactic,

physical and mental fitness.

Every futsal player has to have good skills in

playing futsal. The basic skills in futsal are not very

different from those in soccer. Those basic skills are

ones with or without the ball. Practice for a kid

under 13 years old has an emphasis on technique

mastery, so the given materials are related to the

techniques that are applied in the game. The basic

techniques that are developed in futsal are also not

very different from those in soccer. Among those

techniques are kicking, passing, keeping, and

shooting the ball to the soccer goal. The smaller size

of the field in futsal, the smaller number of player,

and faster movements make bigger number of goals.

Futsal game puts more emphasis on skills, so the

tactics and strategies are easily applied in this game.

Skills mastery in futsal requires regular and oriented

practice, so futsal players can play well.

Improving futsal skills is certainly not easy. Not

only does it need frequency, but also the right

method. The basic techniques of futsal are not as

many as they are in soccer, but in practice, the

players must have prime skills in order to play this

sport well. Futsal is a type of sports which has rigid

physics rules (Jaya, 2008). Sliding tackle, body

charge, and other harmful aspects in soccer are not

allowed in futsal.

In line with that opinion, futsal is a very fast and

dynamic game (Murhananto, 2006). In terms of a

relatively small field, there is almost no room to

make a mistake. It needs teamwork among the

players for an accurate passing, not just passing by

the opponent. Teamwork among the players is a

necessary factor to support a good team play. During

a futsal game it no longer matters who scores, but

the teamwork and high team collectivity will elevate

a team’s achievement.

Futsal is a branch of sports game adopted from

soccer game, thus having no different techniques

Irianto, S. and Yudhistomo, F.

The Effect of Part and Whole Methods to Improving Shooting Accuracy in Futsal Players of UNY.

DOI: 10.5220/0009303401650170

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 165-170

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

165

from those in soccer games. Among those

techniques are passing, shooting, controlling,

chipping, and dribbling. One of the skills the players

need is a powerful kick and directed to the goal

which is often called ‘shooting’. Shooting towards

the goal is required in order to score in each match.

It has a particular characteristic that is the ball

kicked so hard and fast that it is difficult for the

goalkeeper to anticipate. However, a good shooting

combines power, accuracy and faith and focus to

score a goal. Shooting is an extremely important

technique in a futsal game because the main purpose

of the game is to score a goal. A player with a good

and accurate shooting skill will find it easy to score

a goal especially during penalty. A good shooting

mastery will make it easier to score a goal or to kick

the ball to the opponent’s goal.

Shooting is a way to score a goal, this is caused

by the fact that every player has a chance to score a

goal and improve the game or the match (Lhaksana,

2011). Shooting can be done in various ways, by

using the top of the foot, the tip of the foot, the inner

side of the foot. However, shooting with the top of

the foot is more effective and more often done by

futsal players. They must be able to shoot well and

accurately under and in a limited time, narrow space,

a tired body, and within the opponent’s guard

(Lhaksana, 2011).

Based on the observation done by the

researchers, futsal players of UNY futsal club have

not mastered the shooting technique yet. The

common problem is that they perform shootings that

are not very accurate and optimal, resulting in a miss

and a less-oriented shot. This could be seen when

they kicked the ball and rarely scored. The problem

was, during a match the players often gave

inaccurate shots, the ball even shoots high upwards.

Shooting is one of the technique that holds an

important role. Because the purpose of shooting is to

get the ball into the opponent’s goal in an attempt to

score a point to change the situation or what is

commonly called a score.

To overcome the problem, a method of practice

needs to be given to improve shooting accuracy. A

method of practice is a procedure and a way of

choosing the type of exercise and its organization

based on the level of complexity and body weight

(Nossek, 1995). The purpose of an exercise planning

to develop an athlete’s skills and performance. The

method of practice used is whole method. It is

generally applied to learn a simple skill. As stated,

“If the taught sports skills are simple and easily

understood, they are better taught as a whole, and

each particular technique is only taught specifically

if the athlete or the subject always makes a mistake

in that particular technique” (Harsono, 2015).

A suitable method of practice is so required to

master the basic skills in futsal that the right method

of practice is needed to fix the basic technique

movements of futsal, which are Part Method and

Whole Method. “Part method is an approach where

in the beginning the students are directed to practice

the whole movements part by part, and only until

each part is mastered do they start practicing the

movement as a whole” (Sugiyanto, 1997).

Part method is expected to help fix and improve

the basic techniques of futsal skills during practice.

“Whole method gives a maximal advantage if simple

movements were to be taught” (Lutan, 2002). Whole

method is basically very suitable or relevant to learn

simple skills. However, if there is some complexity

or a difficult movement in some parts, they could be

taught specifically to students if they often make

mistakes in performing those movements.

2 RESEARCH METHOD

2.1 Research Type

This is an experimental research. Experiment

method is defined as a systematic method in order to

build a causal-effect relationship (Sukardi, 2015).

The design used in this research is “Two Groups

Pretest-Posttest Design”.

2.2 Research Time and Place

The research took place in Badminton Hall of

Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. It was conducted in

February – March 2019. Treatment was given in 16

meetings, with the frequency of 4 times a week, on

Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday.

2.3 Research Target/Subject

The population of this research is the 20 male futsal

players of UKM UNY. The samples of this research

are male futsal players who were chosen through

total sampling technique. Samples were divided into

two groups, Group A as an experiment group was

given part method of practice and Group B whole

method of practice.

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2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

166

2.4 Data, Instrument, Data Collection

Technique

The test instrument for both pretest and posttest

utilized futsal shooting accuracy test using the top of

the foot, with a validity level of 0.978 and reliability

of 0.989. The figure of shooting accuracy test with

the top of the foot (Maulana, A. T., 2009) can be

seen below.

Figure 1: Shooting accuracy test field. (Source: Maulana,

A. T., 2009)

Shooting was done from the second penalty point

within 10 m from the goal and the ball was kicked

towards the target, which was the futsal goal of 2 m

high and 3 m wide, which was then divided into 9

parts, and each part was 66.66 cm high and 100 cm

wide. Score 1 was for target (A), score 2 was for

target (B), score 3 was for target (C), score 4 for

target (D), and score 5 for target (E). If the kick hit

the goal post and was not in, no score was given and

there was no repetition. Each testee did 10 shots.

2.5 Data Analysis Technique

Before hypothesis testing, precondition testing was

needed. The test of the measurement result data

related to the research result aims to improve the

analysis. Therefore, the normality and homogeneity

of the data were tested.

Hypothesis testing used t-test with the help of

SPSS 16, that is by comparing the mean between the

pretest and the posttest. If the t value is smaller than

t table, Ha is rejected, if t value is bigger than t table,

Ha is accepted.

3 RESEARCH RESULT AND

DISCUSSION

3.1 Research Result

3.1.1 Shooting Accuracy Pretest and

Posttest Group A

The shooting accuracy pretest and posttest of male

futsal players of UKM UNY of part method are

shown in the following figure 2:

Figure 2: Bar chart of shooting accuracy pretest and

posttest of male futsal players of UKM UNY of group A

3.1.2 Shooting Accuracy Pretest and

Posttest Group B

Shooting accuracy pretest and posttest of male

futsal players of UKM UNY of whole method are

shown in the following figure 3:

Figure 3: Bar chart of shooting accuracy pretest and

posttest of male futsal players of UKM UNY of group B

The Effect of Part and Whole Methods to Improving Shooting Accuracy in Futsal Players of UNY

167

3.2 Precondition Testing of Normality

Test Results

Normality test was measured using Kolmogorov-

Smirnov Z formula. The result is shown in the table

1 below:

Table 1: Normality testing.

Group

Notes

Pretest Group A

0.660

Normal

Posttest Group A

0.932

Normal

Pretest Group B

0.556

Normal

Posttest Group B

0.925

Normal

From the result in table 1, we can see that all data

have a p value (Sig.) > 0.05. so the variables are

normally distributed. Because all data are normally

distributed, the analysis could be proceeded with

parametric statistics.

3.3 Test of Homogeneity

Homogeneity principle suggests that if p > 0.05,

then the test is homogenous, if p < 0.05, then the test

is not homogenous. Test of Homogeneity for this

research are shown in the following table 2:

Table 2: Test of homogeneity.

Group

Sig.

Notes

Pretest

0.873

Homogenous

Posttest

0.503

Homogenous

From table two, we can see that pretest-posttest

sig. p > 0.05 so the data is homogenous. “Because

all data are homogenous, the data analysis could be

futsal players of UKM UNY”.

3.4 Hypothesis Testing Result

The first hypothesis reads “There is a significant

effect of part method on shooting accuracy

improvement in futsal players of UKM UNY”, the

data of the analysis result is shown below:

Table 3: T-test of shooting accuracy pretest and posttest

results of part method group.

Mean

t-test for Equality of means

t ht

t tb

Sig.

Difference

18.70

6.946

2.262

0.000

5.4

28.88%

24.10

T-test result shows that the t-value of p significance

is 0.000. Because t-value 6.946 > t-table 2.262, and

significance value 0.000 < 0.05, the result shows a

significant difference. Thus, the alternative

hypothesis (Ha) which suggests “There is a

significant effect of part method on shooting

accuracy improvement in futsal players of UKM

UNY”, is accepted.

The second hypothesis suggests “There is a

significant effect of whole method on shooting

accuracy improvement in Futsal players of UKM

UNY.”

Table 4: T-test of shooting accuracy pre-test and post-test

results of whole method group.

Mean

t-test for Equality of means

t ht

t tb

Sig.

Difference

18.50

2.753

2.262

0.022

0.8 cm

1,70%

22.10

T-test result shows that the value of p

significance is 0.000. Because t-value 5.823 > t-table

2.262, and significance value 0.000 < 0.05, the result

shows a significant difference. Therefore, the

alternative hypothesis (Ha) which suggests “There is

a significant effect of whole method on shooting

accuracy improvement in futsal players of UKM

UNY”, is accepted.

The third hypothesis which suggests “Part

method is better than whole method in improving

shooting accuracy of futsal players of UKM UNY”

could be determined by the mean difference between

group A and group B. The analysis result is shown

in the following table.

Table 5: T test of group A and group B.

Group

t-test for Equality of means

t ht

t tb

Sig,

Difference

Burpee

28.88%

1.812

2.101

0.087

1.80

Depth jump

19.46%

From the t test result table, we can see that the t

value is 1.812 and t-table (df = 18) = 2.101, while

the p-value significance is 0.087. Because t-value

1.812 < t-table = 2.101 and sig, 0.087 > 0.05, there

is no significant difference. The analysis result

demonstrates that the mean value of the posttest

difference in part method exercise and the mean

value of the posttest difference in whole method

exercise was 1.80, with a higher increase of

percentage in part method, 28.88%. Therefore, the

hypothesis (Ha) which suggests “Part method is

better than whole method in improving shooting

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

168

accuracy of futsal players of UKM UNY”, is

accepted.

3.5 Discussion

Based on t-test analysis, we know several things to

draw a conclusion of whether there is an

improvement in shooting accuracy in futsal players

of UKM UNY after part and whole method exercise

for 16 meetings. The research result is further

discussed as follows:

3.5.1 The Effect of Part Method Exercise on

Shooting Accuracy in Futsal Players of

UNY

The research result shows that there is a significant

effect of part method on shooting accuracy

improvement of futsal players of UKM UNY. The

effectiveness of shooting accuracy improvement of

futsal players of UKM UNY before and after part

method exercise is 28.88%. The percentage shows

that the mean of shooting accuracy of futsal players

of UKM UNY during pretest was 18.7 and it

increased during post-test by 24.10. Part method is a

way to practice a sports skill, in this case shooting

technique, done part by part and only until those

parts of skill are mastered are they applied or put

together as a whole. Part method is generally applied

to learn a quite difficult or complex type of skill.

Part method is a form of skill practice done part by

part of the whole skill. It starts with the smallest part

of the skill and eventually builds up as a whole skill

(Prastowo, 2014). Part method is a form of skill

exercise done part by part of the whole skill.

Learning skills are selected to fit more efficient

and simple movements (Putro, 2015). An opinion on

part method, that part method is a method to teach a

movement skill by dividing the movements into

parts before they are put together as a whole

movement (Firdaus, 2014), so in this case, shooting

technique, is broken down into parts and those parts

are then put together after the players have mastered

them in order to make it easier for the players to

understand shooting technique.

Elementary/part method involves

dividing/parsing or grouping of a movement into

functional elements (Syafruddin, 2011). This is

based on the fact that the learned parts of the

movements can be put together as a complex

(whole) movement without losing the quality of the

movement. The application of this method requires

parsing or grouping of a sports technique process

into some functional parts.

3.5.2 The Effect of Whole Method on

Shooting Accuracy of Futsal Players of

UNY

The result shows that there is a significant effect of

whole method on shooting accuracy of futsal players

of UKM UNY. The effectiveness of shooting

accuracy improvement of futsal players of UKM

UNY before and after whole method exercise was

19.46%. The percentage shows that the mean of

shooting accuracy of futsal players of UKM UNY

during pretest was 18.5 and increased during posttest

by 22.10. The whole method was applied by, first of

all, explaining how to shoot properly, including the

first position, movement application, and advanced

movement. Those parts of shooting movements are

explained and demonstrated in details. The next step

is for the players to shoot from the first position to

its advanced movements repeatedly.

Global/whole method, is “global method refers

to the whole movement of a technique and attempts

to find/get the technique through a learning process”

(Syafruddin, 2011). During exercise, the athletes do

not learn the technique separately, but they do the

movements as a whole. “Whole method gives

advantages if simple movements were to be taught”

(Lutan, 2002). Related to whole method stated,

“Whole method is an approach where from the

beginning the students are directed to practice the

series of movements as a whole” (Sugiyanto S. D.,

1997). “Whole method is a method that emphasizes

wholeness of the desired learning materials”

(Suhendro, 2009). Whole method is generally

applied to learn a simple skill.

“If the taught sports skills are simple and easily

understood, they are better taught as a whole, and

each particular technique is only taught specifically

if the athlete or the subject always makes a mistake

in that particular technique” (Harsono, 2015). Global

method or whole method is a way to teach which

moves from general things to specific things

(Mahendra, 2007). In teaching a movement skill or

game, the whole form is taught first and then it is

broken down into smaller parts.

3.5.3 The Comparison of Part Method and

Whole Method Exercise towards

Shooting Accuracy of Futsal Players of

UNY

The analysis result shows that part method is better

than whole method in improving shooting accuracy

of futsal players of UKM UNY, with a mean posttest

difference of 1.8. The percentage of shooting

The Effect of Part and Whole Methods to Improving Shooting Accuracy in Futsal Players of UNY

169

accuracy improvement in part method exercise was

28.88%, while that in whole method group was

19.46%. Exercise methods are ways for a coach to

deliver exercise materials in physical activities and

techniques, in which case the right exercise method

can be seen from how fast players can do the given

exercise materials according to the coach’s

instructions. The research result is supported by

Yulianto, stating that there is a difference in

influence between part and whole methods in

improving soccer shooting skills (Yulianto, 2016).

The effect of part method is better than play

practice. It is also supported by Subarna, in his

research which shows that learning through part

method is significantly more effective than whole

method in improving spike skills in volleyball in

volleyball extracurricular of MA plus Al Munir in

Kabupaten Sumedang (Subarna, 2015).

Part method really helps players who still make

mistakes in learning series of shooting movements.

Anticipating mistakes in shooting requires a

simplification of the movement into parts, from the

starting phase, execution, and follow-through, so

that it is easy for players to learn and understand.

This approach will be good (effective) if parts of the

movements are taught and understood or mastered

before they are put together as a whole movement.

On the contrary, this method is not effective if the

players directly learn the movement as a whole

(Adiesta & Tuasikal, 2017). From the opinions

above we can conclude that shooting technique is

better taught using part method. Because shooting

techniques have phases of movements which could

be taught separately, when those components or

phases are continuously taught and well-organized,

it will result in a maximum shooting accuracy.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of data analysis, description,

research result testing, and discussion, we can

conclude that: (1) There is a significant effect of part

method on shooting accuracy improvement of futsal

players of UKM UNY, with t value 6.946 > t table

2.262, and significance value 0.000 < 0.05, and a

percentage increase of 28.88%. (2) There is a

significant effect of whole method on shooting

accuracy improvement of futsal players of UKM

UNY, with t value 5.823 > t table 2.262, and

significance value 0.000 < 0.05, and a percentage

increase of 19.46%. (3) Part method is better than

whole method in improving shooting accuracy of

futsal players of UKM UNY, with a mean difference

of posttest of 1.8.

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2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

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