Developing of Basic Motion Techniques of Rhythmic Gymnastic by

Freehand Series Audiovisual-based for Children Age 7-11 Year

Ch. Fajar Sriwahyuniati

, Irani Trisnanda

Sport Coaching Department, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No. 1, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Basic Motion of Rhythmic Gymnastics, Freehand, Audio-Visual

Abstract: This research aims to produce a product in the form of basic motion of rhythmic gymnastics by freehand

series of audiovisual-based which can be used as a new method in basic technique learning for children age

7-11 years. The research method used was Research and Development. Instruments used to collect the data

were questionnaire of assessment scale and evaluation sheet. Data evaluation results show in the form of

descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative data were collected through questionnaires or

product trial questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive quantitative analysis, while the qualitative data was

obtained through expert validation activities and pilot activities in the form of inputs, responses, criticisms

and suggestions. The results of the assessment obtained through expert validation and testing were

processed by way of presenting. The percentage results were then interpreted with qualitative sentences.

Feasibility assessment of basic motion of rhythmic gymnastics by freehand series of audiovisual-based for

children age 7-11 years can be seen from the validation of material experts of 93.75% (very appropriate)

and media experts of 88.89% (very appropriate). The main field trial results obtain an assessment of 98.3%

(very appropriate). Product in the form of audiovisual learning media is used to support rhythmic

gymnastics exercise age 7-11 years. The product is constructed with a series of freehand and part motion

(slow motion) with annotations. The selection of motion is based on Code of Point 2017-2020 from FIG.

1 INTRODUCTION

Gymnastics is a sport which includes physical

exercises with movements that require flexibility,

with or without music. In addition to its health-

related purpose, gymnastics is also practiced for

competitive purpose under the Federation

Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). Gymnastics

disciplines include: 1) General, 2) Artistic, 3)

Rhythmic, 4) Trampoline, 5) Aerobic, and 6)

Acrobatic Gymnastics (FIG, 2017). There are

several gymnastics disciplines in Indonesia

gymnastics competitions including rhythmic, men’s

artistic, women’s artistic, and aerobic gymnastics.

Rhythmic gymnastics in Special Region of

Yogyakarta (DIY) Province has not been fully

developed. DIY’s achievement in rhythmic

gymnastics in national level competition is still poor.

Despite regular participation in annual competition,

within the last 5 years, DIY’s achievement in

national level artistic gymnastics competition has

not showed any significant improvement. In several

annual events such as POPNAS (National Student

Sports Week), O2SN (National Student Sports

Olympic), and National Championship, DIY’s

performance was stagnant. The province even failed

to send its rhythmic gymnastics athletes to compete

in the prestigious event of the 2016 PON (National

Sports Week) in West Java. Similarly, in the 2017

National Championship held in December, none of

DIY’s athletes were sent to compete. The lack of

participation in regency/municipality level is the

reason behind this stagnation. From 5

regencies/municipality in the province, only 3 of

them participated consistently in regional level

championships such as O2SN, POPDA (Regional

Student Sports Week), Kejurda (Regional

Championship), PORDA (Regional Sports Week),

and many more.

After conducting a preliminary study, researchers

found that the lack of supporting facilities for

training and unideal learning media were the main

cause of this problem. There was also no video

showing the process in learning movement

techniques clearly on YouTube. If any, the videos

did not meet the criteria set by FIG. Researchers

Sriwahyuniati, C. and Trisnanda, I.

Developing of Basic Motion Techniques of Rhythmic Gymnastic by Freehand Series Audiovisual-based for Children Age 7-11 Year.

DOI: 10.5220/0009303501710175

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 171-175

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

171

selected YouTube since the platform has been being

accessed widely by people, including children, these

days. Statistics show that in January 2018 YouTube

was accessed by 43% of Indonesian social media

users per month. Data indicate that children at

younger ages have not been engaged in social media,

but were often found watching videos on YouTube.

Early childhood is in fact a golden period to

develop children’s abilities. During this Golden Age,

children rapidly develop not only suppleness or

flexibility in their body, but also their brain (as the

center of consciousness) as well as their sensory and

balance organ. This is the right time to start

intervention that helps them grow. In the age of 7

through 11, most children are ready to start learning

both in and outside school.

According to Piaget’s theory, children between

the ages of 7 and 11 are in concrete operations stage.

They develop systematic thinking skills but only

limited to concrete objects or activities. During this

stage, children start thinking about objects in their

surrounding logically and acting mentally based on

real situations. Children in this stage begin to

develop another set of skills namely System of

Operation that helps them coordinate thoughts and

ideas with certain events into their own thinking.

Therefore, referring to Piaget’s theory, children aged

7 to 11 years need concrete objects to learn and

practice.

To be a good athlete, someone ideally needs to

undergo long, gradual process of training. Rhythmic

gymnastics training at Selabora UNY, however, was

conducted only 3 to 4 times a week. Children’s

absence during training session was another

challenge that makes training process not maximum.

In fact, an athlete usually needs 2 to 3 months to

master a gymnastics element properly. At the same

time, children need to master 3 to 6 elements in a

full sequence. It is obvious that the lack of training

hinders children’s skill development. To cope with

this, they need to practice independently. Unluckily,

they lack of learning source or media that can be

used as a model. Results of triangulation in need

analysis regarding learning source or media

conducted in form of students, teacher, and parents

interviews indicated that video for learning

techniques for freehand basic moves in rhythmic

gymnastics should be made simple. This is to help

children practice either in the gymnasium or at

home. Freehand sequence was selected since this

was the most basic sequence for children. There are

five apparatus in rhythmic gymnastics including

ball, rope, club, ribbon, and hoop. However, before

children can use these five pieces of equipment in

gymnastics, they had better master freehand

gymnastics first to make sure they have the skills

needed for basic moves. This video provides

explanation and details regarding basic techniques in

the sequence.

It is expected that the existence of these media

can help beginners practice independently at home

as well as stop being dependent on the coach at the

gym. In short, these learning media support children

in skill mastery and make learning process at the

gym easier as children have been able to practice the

movements more easily.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

2.1 Research Types

This research was a Research and Development

study. Adopting and adjusting Sugiyono’s 13

research stages, there were 10 stages involved in this

research to attain the objectives of this research and

development. Questionnaire and evaluation sheet

were used as data collection instrument.

2.2 Research Time and Place

Research was conducted from 15 to 16 of May 2018

at Gymnastics Hall of FIK (Sports Science Faculty)

UNY.

2.3 Research Subjects

Subjects of this study were classified into two

groups, including:

2.3.1 Experts as Subject of the Study

(1) Material Experts: they were lecturers, coaches,

or experts in rhythmic gymnastics whose role was to

decide whether or not this audiovisual-based

material for learning basic freehand techniques in

rhythmic gymnastics has been deep and accurate

enough. (2) Media Experts: they included

professionals who were expert in learning and

training media.

2.3.2 Subjects for Product Testing

A total of 15 children joining in Selabora UNY

Gymnastics Club participated in this study. They

were selected using a purposive sampling method

which, is one sampling technique in which subjects

are chosen based on several characteristics

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

172

(Sugiyono, 2015). Considerations in selecting

subjects of this research were children’s age (7 to 11

years of age) and their participation in Selabora

UNY gymnastics club.

2.4 Research Instrument and Data

Collection Technique

Research instrument as tools to measure, observe,

and obtain quantitative data (Sugiyono, 2015). In

this research, questionnaires were distributed for

data collection purpose.

The data collected for media development

purposes in this research involved both quantitative

and qualitative data. Qualitative data were collected

from evaluation of media to improve the quality of

the products; meanwhile, quantitative data were

scores obtained from the questionnaires filled in by

experts and children.

2.4.1 Data Obtained from Material Experts

Examining the quality of the product as seen from

content and design of the audiovisual materials for

developing basic techniques in freehand moves in

rhythmic gymnastics for children aged 7 to 11 years

practicing gymnastics at Selabora UNY Club.

2.4.2 Data Obtained from Media Experts

Reviewing the quality of quality interface,

programming, and legibility of the products being

developed in delivering contents.

2.4.3 Data Obtained from Children

Examining the quality of the product as seen from

children’s interests in the media. Data were used to

analyze attractiveness and accuracy of the materials

and as references to improve product quality.

This research and development adopted both

open-ended and close-ended questionnaires. Open-

ended questionnaires were used to obtain feedback

from the samples while close-ended questionnaires

were distributed so that subjects and experts can

select from a set of pre-defined responses. The

objective of questionnaire distribution was to obtain

numerical data related to feasibility of the media as

the basis for revising the products.

2.5 Data Analysis Technique

The data resulted from the test were classified into

two groups including quantitative and qualitative

data. Quantitative data were assessment of the

variables collected using questionnaires. Meanwhile,

qualitative data were feedback from material and

experts and students collected for improvement of

the product.

Data in this research and development were

analyzed using descriptive analysis technique and

presented in percentage. Meanwhile, feedback and

reasons for selecting responses were analyzed using

qualitative analysis technique.

Likert scale was adopted for measurement and

computing quantitative data purpose. Likert scale

measures individual’s or group’s attitude, opinions,

and perceptions towards social phenomena. In this

research, researchers used a 4-point Likert scale:

“Strongly Agree”, “Agree”, “Disagree”, and

“Strongly Disagree” (Sugiyono, 2015). The

percentage results were then interpreted and

classified into categories as presented below:

Table 1: Classification of the percentage

Percentage Interpretation

76-100 % Very Appropriate

51-75 % Appropriate

26-50 % Inappropriate

0-25 % Very Inappropriate

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Results

3.1.1 Data Validation by Material Expert

Learning media material in this research was

validated by a material expert, Ch. Fajar

Sriwahyuniati, a lecturer of Gymnastics subject at

Sports Science Faculty Universitas Negeri

Yogyakarta who is also the Chairperson of

PERSANI Sleman, DIY.

Data were collected using questionnaire and

covering material content. Prior to filling in the

questionnaire, material expert watched freehand

basic move techniques in rhythmic gymnastics for

children aged 7 to 11 years video together with

researchers. During validation process, expert asked

researchers direct questions regarding the learning

media being developed.

Assessment by Material Expert was conducted in

2 stages, including:

(1) Assessment by Material Expert Phase I:

Phase I assessment was conducted on April 16, 2018

at Sports Science Faculty of Universitas Negeri

Developing of Basic Motion Techniques of Rhythmic Gymnastic by Freehand Series Audiovisual-based for Children Age 7-11 Year

173

Yogyakarta. Results of phase I suggested that the

quality of the material of the product being

developed was “Very Appropriate” (84.375 %).

(2) Assessment by Material Expert Phase II:

Phase II was conducted on April 19, 2018 at Sports

Science Faculty of Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.

Results of phase II indicated that the quality of the

material of the product being developed was “Very

Appropriate” (93.75 %).

3.1.2 Data Validation by Media Expert

Media expert in this research was Nawan Primasoni,

a lecturer of Sports Coaching Education at Sports

Science Faculty of Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.

Selection of the expert was based on his high level

of competences in the field of media and

applications.

Validation process was conducted in two stages.

The first stage aimed at discovering weaknesses so

that the expert could propose solutions for

improvement. The second stage was conducted after

revision was made. At this stage, expert filled in

questionnaire which was provided by the

researchers. The questionnaire covered three aspects

including physical, design, and application of the

product.

(1) Assessment by Media Expert Phase I: Phase I

assessment was conducted on April 23, 2018 at

Sports Science Faculty of Universitas Negeri

Yogyakarta. Phase I assessment resulted in the fact

that the quality of the product being developed was

“Very Appropriate” (84.37%).

(2) Assessment by Media Expert Phase II: Phase

II was conducted on May 15, 2018 at Sports Science

Faculty of Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. This

assessment showed that the quality of the material

being developed was “Very Appropriate” (93.75%).

3.1.3 Small Group Testing

Small group testing was conducted on May 15, 2018

at 4 pm or during Selabora UNY’s gymnastics

training session. A total of 5 club members

participated in this testing. Data collection process

began by showing the video and distributing the

guidebook to the children. After some explanation

regarding materials in the video, the children were

allowed to practice the moves according to the

stages presented in the media. After practice,

researchers distributed questionnaire to children.

According to these 5 respondents, the product being

developed was considered “Very Appropriate”

(92.9%).

3.1.4 Field Testing

Field testing was conducted on May 16, 2018 at 4

pm or during Selabora UNY’s gymnastics training

session. A total of 10 club members participated in

this testing. Data collection process began with

showing the video and distributing the guidebook to

the children. After some explanation regarding

materials in the video, the children were allowed to

practice the moves according to the stages presented

in the media. After practice, researchers distributed

questionnaire to selected children. Results of this

testing indicated that the product was “Very

Appropriate” (98.3%).

3.2 Discussion

Inside this audiovisual-based “Freehand Basic

Movement Techniques in Rhythmic Gymnastics for

Children Aged 7-11 Years” product, there are

several basic movement techniques based on Code

of Point in Rhythmic Gymnastics. Gymnastics

techniques must be taught properly so that children

can master the skills well.

The adoption of these learning media products in

rhythmic gymnastics clubs’ training can be

considered an innovation in learning. This learning

video is more optimal and attractive in delivering

material compared to the existing videos since this

video shows movements in slow motion and

explains the steps in doing gymnastics moves,

making it easier for athletes to learn details of the

movements. This learning media are also more

effective compared to the existing learning media

since this video is equipped with a guidebook that

helps children understand each movement. These

media can be used as learning source for children

and help make rhythmic gymnastics learning more

interesting.

In general, the trainees participated in this

research considered these learning media as very

appropriate. Through the questionnaire, they stated

that the media being developed in this research were

excellent, attractive, and fun. However, it is also

clear that drawbacks or weaknesses exist.

Application of these learning media among children

who have not been able to read is hard. In such case,

they demand parental guidance. In addition, these

products show only freehand moves with limited

rhythmic gymnastics movements.

However, in spite of being used not as the main

source of learning, it is expected that these

“Freehand Basic Movement Techniques in

Rhythmic Gymnastics for Children Aged 7-11

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

174

Years” products can help solve learning problems,

either as alternative source for learning or

supplement. It is expected that the existence of these

products can make rhythmic gymnastics learning

more interesting and can motivate children in

learning.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Feasibility of audiovisual-based media for learning

freehand basic movement techniques in rhythmic

gymnastics for children aged 7-11 years was

assessed by experts. According to the material

expert, these products scored 93.75% and therefore

belonged to “Very Appropriate” category. Similarly,

according to the media expert, these products scored

88.89% and was considered very appropriate. The

tests generated similar results. The athletes/trainees

participated in the field testing considered these

products as “very appropriate” (98.3%). This

audiovisual product can be used to support rhythmic

gymnastics training for children aged 7 to 11 years.

The video demonstrated a set of freehand moves and

slow motion moves. Movements were selected based

on the 2017-2020 Code of Point by FIG.

REFERENCES

Federation Internationale de Gymnastique. 2017. 2017-

2020 Code of Points Rhythmic Gymnastics. FIG.

United States.

Federation Internationale de Gymnastique., 2017.

Technical Regulations 2017. Section 1 General

Regulations. FIG. United States.

Sugiyono, 2015. Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan.

Bandung. Alfabeta.

Developing of Basic Motion Techniques of Rhythmic Gymnastic by Freehand Series Audiovisual-based for Children Age 7-11 Year

175