Developing Basic Techniques of Artistic Gymnastics Book:

Gymnastics on Motion

Endang Rini Sukamti

, Aden Chrisnanda

Sport Coaching Department, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No. 1, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Floor Gymnastics, Basic Gymnastic Motion Floor, Gymnastics on Motion

Abstract: This study aims to produce a learning media product in the form of basic technique floor gymnastics books

that can be used as basic technical learning media for beginners in the floor gymnastics sports. The research

method used is Research and Development. The steps of this research are to adapt from Sugiyono's research

steps which consist of 10 steps, but the method has been adapted according to the objectives of this

development research. Small-scale trials were carried out on 1 coach, and 7 athletes, while large-scale trials

were carried out on 2 coach and 13 athletes of Yogyakarta City PERSANI. The instrument used to collect

data is an evaluation sheet, and a rating scale questionnaire. Evaluation data are in the form of quantitative

and qualitative descriptive. Quantitative data obtained in the form of numbers from the questionnaire

results. The assessment questionnaire data in the form of quantitative data were analyzed using a likert scale

so that it could indicate the level of product feasibility. The results of data analysis in this research and

development, it can be concluded that the results of the assessment of the product development of the basic

gymnastic floor book "Gymnastics On Motion" can be used as a learning media in the floor gymnastics with

a percentage of 89.24% of respondents said the learning media included in the category Very 88.5% of

respondents said that the learning media was categorized as Very Eligible / Effective. Overall aspects of

material and product design are obtained on average with the category Very feasible

1 INTRODUCTION

Sport plays an essential role in human life. By doing

it, people can keep themselves healthy both inside

and outside. Gymnastics is a kind of sports that has a

very complex motion. The whole muscles hold

important roles in the floor gymnastic motion. The

word ‘gymnastics’ derives from Indonesian

‘gymnastiek’, English ‘gymnastic’, and Greek

‘gymnos’. Gymnos can be translated as naked

(Muhajir, 2006). In the old times, people who did

gymnastic were indeed half naked in order to make

the motion less distracted. That way the motion

would be perfect. Gymnastics is also considered as a

sport with physical training movements that work

systematically and arranged holistically to form and

develop the personality in harmony. Sport can

elevate people’s dignity through multiple

achievements from the championships. Nowadays,

gymnastics belongs to one of the favorable sports by

Indonesian citizens. Federation Internationale de

Gymnastique (FIG, 2017) reveals that gymnastics

has various branches of disciplines. Those are (1)

General Gymnastics, (2) Artistic Gymnastics, (3)

Rhythmic, (4) Trampoline, (5) Aerobic, (6)

Acrobatic.

The center of the whole branches of gymnastics

in international level is Federation Internationale de

Gymnastique (FIG), while in Indonesia they are

under the umbrella of Persatuan Senam Indonesia

(PERSANI). Artistic gymnastic is a branch of sport

that relies heavily on motion. From time to time, the

difficulty level of the motions keeps increasing.

Those motions are ruled in a book entitled “Code of

Point” which is constantly revised once in 4 years.

There are abundant of new rules and motions arising

in each of its revision. Due to the increasing

difficulty level in gymnastic motions, thus, the coach

is expected to try their best in assisting the athlete to

learn the new motions. A perfect motion in floor

gymnastic has always begun from the basic motions

as the foundation that later will be associated with

further motions. Dealing with this issue, the

knowledge in learning the basic motions seems to

keep escalating as fast as the knowledge in floor

gymnastic motion. However, it is very unfortunate

176

Sukamti, E. and Chrisnanda, A.

Developing Basic Techniques of Artistic Gymnastics Book: Gymnastics on Motion.

DOI: 10.5220/0009303901760179

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 176-179

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

that in Indonesia, there remain so many coaches who

stick to the old books as their training sources. In

other words, they get trapped in the old system as

well. This issue is as worrisome as Indonesia will

fall behind other countries which have moved to the

newest reference.

Implies that the basic motion technique in floor

gymnastic should be introduced and trained as early

as possible as the athletes begin their practices

(Maryono. A, 2009). It is the task of the coach to do

so and therefore, the coach is the one who has the

creativity in transferring the knowledge to the

athletes. The coach should be knowledgeable of the

best media that can be used in his or her teaching.

Media can be a very beneficial tool to ease the

process of delivering the material and basic motion

technique in gymnastics as well. A learning media is

also fruitful in making the athletes easily learn about

the motions taught by the coach in such a fun and

interesting way.

During practicing, the coach usually gives the

instructions merely through descriptions and

practices that sometimes make the athletes fall into

boredom. Book as a learning media is a tool that can

ease both the coach and the athlete in learning new

motions in floor gymnastic. By having the book

during the practice, the coach and the athlete are

able to see the detail in every motion, biomotoric

and other related thing, comprehensively. Textbook

is a book dealing with a certain field of study or

knowledge that is compiled for the purpose of

facilitating both the teacher and the students in

accomplishing the purpose of the study (Susilana R,

2007). The lack number of references in training will

affect the understanding and ability of a coach to

train the athletes well. This issue will further lead to

the low quality of the gymnastics’ athletes.

Nowadays, learning media in the form of books

as references in training artistic gymnastic in

Yogyakarta remains scarce. Mostly, the coach or

teacher uses the old references. It is unfortunate as

the knowledge in gymnastics’ field never stops

developing and it has a quite drastic change from

time to time. One of the issues faced by the coach in

having up to date references is dealing with

language barrier. This issue has caused many

coaches own very limited sources and references to

the field. There are actually abundant books

explaining various ways to train the motions in

gymnastics. However, those books are mostly

available in other languages and not in Bahasa.

Undoubtely, it has created an obstruction for the

coaches and athletes in learning the developed

knowledge in floor gymnastic.

According to the aforementioned issue, the

researcher aims to assist by enriching the sources of

knowledge and information dealing with training

model of basic motion in floor gymnastic in the form

of a guided book. This book will later be completed

with some examples of basic motion in floor

gymnastic, the way to do it, as well as how to assist

and follow the motions. This guide book is written

in a language that can easily be understood by the

people. It also comes up with interesting and easy

layout to comprehend. For that purpose, a research

and development is needed to produce the intended

product that can solve the existed issue. Therefore,

the researcher will conduct a research and

development entitled ‘Book on Basic Technique of

Floor Gymnastic Motion “Gymnastics on Motion”.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

2.1 Research Design

This present research was conducted using Research

and Development method. The 10 steps taken in the

research were adapted from Sugiyono and were set

to answer the issue in the research. Accordingly, the

instruments involved in the research were

questionnaire and evaluation sheet.

2.2 Research Time and Place

This present research was conducted on July 12 until

14, 2018 at Gymnastics Hall FIK UNY.

2.3 Research Subject

2.3.1 Experts Subject

(a) Theoretical Expert: The theoretical expert was

represented by Ratna Budiarti, As the lecturer in

basic floor gymnastic motion subject. The

theoretical expert played role in determining

whether the material included in the book entitled

“Gymnastic on Motion” was appropriate or not for

the learning material.

(b) Media Expert: A media expert is a lecturer or

expert in learning media. In this occasion, it was

represented by Prof. Dr. Siswantoyo as the lecturer

in coaching technology subject who is an expert in

the field of coaching media. The media expert acted

as the one who gave advice and comment on the

ethic and the aesthetic of the media.

Developing Basic Techniques of Artistic Gymnastics Book: Gymnastics on Motion

177

2.3.1 Small and Large Groups Subject

The subjects in this current research were athletes

and the coaches under PERSANI club in Yogyakarta.

The first stage in the research encompassed 8

subjects in total that was tested individually.

Furthermore, the next stage involved a bigger group

with 15 people in total.

The technique used in determining the subject

was simple random sampling. (Sugiyono, 2010)

dealing with the technique asserts that it is a

sampling technique that gives the same chance to

each population member to be chosen as the sample

or subject.

2.3.2 Instrumentation and Data Collection

Technique

Data collection technique is conducted for the

purpose of collecting data or information in the

research. In order to collect the data, a tool or

instrument is necessarily needed. According to

(Sugiyono, 2011) instrument can be defined as a tool

used to measure the observed natural or social

phenomenon. In this current research, the

instruments used to gather the data were

questionnaires, both open-ended and closed

questionnaires. The open-ended questionnaire was

used to gain further opinions or comments from the

samples. Meanwhile, the closed questionnaire

consisted of several statements to be chosen by the

expert and group subjects as well. Those

questionnaires were aimed at collecting some data

dealing with the media expediency level in the form

of number as the foundation to do product revision.

2.3.3 Data Analysis Technique

The collected data were furthermore analyzed both

in qualitative and quantitative. The input gained

from the theoretical and media experts was analyzed

qualitatively in order to maximize the product in the

research.

To do a validation towards the data gained from

the observation on athletes and coaches to

“Gymnastic on Motion” book, a 5-scaling level of

assessment was used. Those are “SS” which had 5

score, “S” which valued 4 score, “KS” with 3 score,

“TS” that had 2 score, and lastly “STS” which

owned 1 score. This data analysis technique is also

known as Linkert scale. The formula implemented in

this development research will be described as

follow.

The percentage gathered from the analysis was

classified to recognize the category. This scoring

classification system referred to the standard of

assessment criterion. Interpreting the raw score into

a certain value using the standard of assessment

criterion should be initiated beforehand with

determining the criteria of the value and its limits as

shown in the table below.

Table 1: Percentage classification.

Percentage

Statement

80-100%

Very Appropriate / Effective

70-79%

Appropriate/ Effective

60-69%

Fair/ Effective

45-59%

Less Appropriate/ Effective

<44%

Not Appropriate/ Effective

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Data Validation of the Theoretical

Expert

The theory consisted in the learning material

developed in this current research was validated by

the theoretical expert Ratna Budiarti, as the lecturer

of gymnastics subject in Sports Coaching

Department in Faculty of Sports Science of

Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. The validated data

were collected through the questionnaire consisted

the contents in the observed book. Before answering

the questionnaire, the theoretical expert had learned

in advance the observed book dealing with the basic

technique of floor gymnastic entitled “Gymnastic on

Motion”. In the middle of validating process, the

theoretical expert directly asked several things

related to the learning media being developed.

3.1.1 Assessment from the Theoretical

Expert Stage I

The assessment from the theoretical expert in stage I

was completed on July 1, 2018 in Faculty of Sports

Science of Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.

According to the data gained at this stage, it was

revealed that the quality of the product being

developed was “Very Appropriate” with percentage

score of 80%.

3.1.2 Assessment from the Theoretical

Expert Stage II

Further assessment from the theoretical expert was

conducted on July 4, 2018 in the same place as the

previous stage. Based on the data from the second

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

178

stage, the theoretical expert assessed the quality of

the product as “Very Appropriate” with the increase

of percentage of 84%.

3.2 Data Validation of the Media

Expert

The media expert involved in the current research

was Prof. Dr. Siswantoyo, He is lecturing in Sports

Coaching Department in Faculty of Sports Science

of Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.

The expert was chosen as one of the subjects in

this research due to his competencies in the related

field dealing with learning media. The data from the

media expert was gained through a stage merely.

The expert answered the prepared questionnaire that

covered three aspects of assessment. Those are

physical aspect of the product, product design

aspect, and usage aspect. During validating process,

the expert asked directly about several things related

to the product being developed.

The assessment was conducted on July 5, 2018

in Faculty of Sports Science of Universitas Negeri

Yogyakarta. The data revealed that the product in

this research was signed “Very Appropriate” with

percentage score of 94.66%.

3.3 Data of the Small Group Subject

A test was conducted towards the small group

subject on July 12, 2018 at 04.00 P.M. during

gymnastics’ practice at Selabora Senam FIK UNY.

The total respondents in this test were 8 persons.

Data collection was done by showing as well as

distributing the book dealing with basic technique of

floor gymnastic entitled “Gymnastics on Motion” to

all respondents. Having been explained about the

material inside the book, the respondents were

welcomed to give several attempts on doing the

motions according to the steps shown in the book.

After that, the examiner distributed the questionnaire

to all of the respondents. The result revealed that the

small group subject shown a “Very Appropriate”

criteria with percentage score of 88.5%.

3.4 Data of the Big Group Subject

A test on the big group subject was held on July 14,

2018 at 04.00 P.M. in the practice hour of

gymnastics at Selabora Senam FIK UNY. The

respondents participated in the test were 15 people

in total. Data collection was conducted by showing

and distributing the book dealing with basic

technique of floor gymnastic entitled “Gymnastics

on Motion” to the whole respondents. The materials

consisted in the book were explained to the

respondents. Then, they attempted to do the motions

by following the steps written in the book.

Furthermore, the questionnaire was distributed to the

15 respondents. The result came up that the big

group subject achieved a “Very Appropriate” criteria

with total score of 84.24%.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The result revealed through this current research and

development showed that the product in the form of

a book dealing with basic technique of floor

gymnastic entitled “Gymnastic on Motion” can be

used as a learning media in floor gymnastic with

88.5% respondents in small group subject and

89.24% respondents in big group subject admitted

the product as “Very Appropriate”. Furthermore, in

terms of material aspect and product design, 89.33%

respondents valued it as “Very Appropriate” as well.

REFERENCES

Federation Internationale de Gymnastique., 2017.

Technical Regulations 2017. Section 1 General

Regulations. FIG. United States.

Sugiyono, 2009. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif,

dan R&D. Alfabeta. Bandung.

Susilana, R. and Riyana, C., 2009. Media Pembelajaran:

Hakikat, Pengembangan, Pemanfaatan, dan

Penilaian. CV. Wacana Prima. Bandung.

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