The Effect of Exercise of Forward and Backward Kicks on the Incline

towards Legs Power of Taekwondo Tekad Club

Devi Tirtawirya

, Okky Indera Pamungkas

, Budiman Fajar Nugroho

Sport Coaching Department, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No. 1, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Kick Exercise, Forward and Backward on the Incline, Legs Power

Abstract: This research aims to determine the effect of exercise of forward and backward kicks on the incline towards

legs power of Taekwondo Tekad Club. This research used an experimental method with the design of "two

groups’ pre-test and post-test design". There were 24 members of Taekwondo Tekad Club of Special

Region of Yogyakarta selected as the research sample, and the sampling was done by purposive sampling.

There were 12 members who met the criteria. The instrument used for measuring leg power was vertical

jump test. T-test with significance of 5% was used to analyze the data. The results show that (1) There is a

significant influence on the practice of forward kicks on the incline towards leg power of Taekwondo Tekad

Club, where the value of t is 7.906> t table is 2.571, and a significance value is 0.001 <0.05, and a

percentage increase 4.08%. (2) There is a significant influence on the practice of a backward kick of leg

power on the incline of Taekwondo Tekad Club, where the value of t is 3.503> t table is 2.571, and a

significant value is 0.017 <0.05, and a percentage increase 3.73%. (3) The forward kick exercise on the

incline is better than the backward kick exercise on the incline to increase the athlete’s leg power of

Taekwondo Tekad Club, with the post-test average difference is 0.17 cm and the increase in the percentage

of forward kick exercise is 4.08%.

1 INTRODUCTION

One of the branches of sports that became the

attention of the writer this time is Taekwondo.

Taekwondo is one of the branches of martial arts

using hands and feet wrapped well by applying rules

and self-disciplined ethics, thus Taekwondo has an

enormous usage in social life. Taekwondo’s origin is

from Korea and Kukkiwon Seoul, Korea as its

Headquarters. Meanwhile the organization for

Taekwondo sport branch in Indonesia is PBTI

(Pengurus Besar Taekwondo Indonesia) (Tirtawirya,

2005).

Taekwondo has an ability to develop several

biomotoric components that play well when in a

match, for example, muscle strength, speed, power

explosive, balancing, flexibility, and endurance and

skill movement (Tirtawirya, 2005). Furthermore, the

psychological quality affects by some factors such as

motivation, tension, anxiety, concentration, and

attention. Accordingly, biomotoric components are

highly needed in optimizing the achievement of the

athlete. In Taekwondo’s match, kick and punch is

highly needed to achieve the points based on the

system in the match. One of the techniques mostly

done by the Taekwondo in to achieve the points is

by doing a series of kicks. The kick that counted by

points should have sufficient of certain power. In

doing the kick, speed is also greatly needed. Speed

is excessively necessitated by an athlete in

taekwondo sport branch, as well as an attack kick or

a survive kick as explained by Yoyok that: “To do

the kicking technique, speed, strength, power and

prime balance are required” (Yoyok, 2002). Besides,

other things needed are spacing mastery and

punctuality along with the precise direction in order

to get an effective kick. The speed when doing the

kick affects exceedingly in the match to get the

scores or points, since the points are easily achieved

by the athletes who do the kicks to attack or to

survive.

In Taekwondo, the athletes with high leg power

benefit more since they can easily apply the

techniques during the match. The technique of

kicking in Taekwondo, affected much by the power

of leg muscle of the athlete. Strength and speed

from the espousing group of muscle are required in

order to be able to do the kicking technique well.

Tirtawirya, D., Pamungkas, O. and Nugroho, B.

The Effect of Exercise of Forward and Backward Kicks on the Incline towards Legs Power of Taekwondo Tekad Club.

DOI: 10.5220/0009304801910197

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 191-197

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

191

From those groups of muscles, the most dominant

part that supports through the kick is the power of

leg muscle. Therefore, the accurate treatment

applied to the athlete should put forward to the leg

power.

The ability of the Taekwondo in depends on the

conducted exercising process because exercising is

one of the ways to advance the capability

physiologically and psychologically, the exercise

should also be done periodically and in a relatively

long duration which then elevated in stages in order

to achieve good result (Gandi, 2013). There is a need

to conduct modest exercising methods that can

elevate the leg power. The success of the

Taekwondo in in achieving the top performance is

determined by the quality of the exercise.

Meanwhile, the quality of the exercise determined

mainly by the condition as well as the ability of the

coach and the athletes, however, both should have

the ability, the willingness, and high commitment to

achieve maximum results. (Sukadiyanto, 2011).

The Taekwondo athletes have not achieved the

optimal phase in one power exercise. The coaches in

The Special Region of Yogyakarta still necessitate

the modest leg power exercising model, so that the

coaches could apply the model easily in conquest

coaching. Based on the background above, hence the

researcher is interested to do the research entitled

“The Effect of the Inclined Forward and Backward

Kick Exercise in through the Leg Power of Tekad

Taekwondo Athletes”.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

2.1 Research Type

The type of the research is Quasi-Experiment

Research. The experimental research is a research

that is aimed to understand the existence of the

effect throughout the subject treated (Arikunto,

2010). The design of the research is “Two Groups

Pre-Test-Post-Test Design”.

2.2 Research Time and Place

The research was conducted in Tekad Club in The

Special Region of Yogyakarta. This research was

performed in February 2019 – March 2019, the

exercises of the program were accomplished in 16

meetings, 3 times in 1 week, precisely on

Wednesday, Saturday and Sunday.

2.3 Research Target/Subject

The populations of the Tekad Taekwondo Club in

The Special Region of Yogyakarta are 24 persons.

The sample taking was conducted by purposive

sampling. Furthermore, purposive sampling is the

sampling technique by certain consideration

(Sugiyono, 2007). The criteria in taking the sample

were: (1) the exercise attendance of 75% in

minimum (the participation to join the exercise

during the treatment), (2) the athletes of taekwondo

Tekad Club in The Special Region of Yogyakarta,

(3) the athletes were willingly to follow the

treatment from the beginning to the final, (4) male,

and (5) 17-21 years old. Based on the criteria, the

respondents chosen were 12 respondents.

2.4 Procedure

The pretest was presented to the respondents

holistically to determine the treatment group, ranked

based on the pretest results, and then matched by A-

B-B-A pattern in two groups, each group consisted

of 10 persons. Ordinal pairing is the group

distribution divided into two aims to make both

group acquired resemblance or well-distributed skill

(Sugiyono, 2007). The samples were divided into

two groups, Group A was given the forward kick in

inclined and Group B was given the backward kick

in the inclined.

2.5 Data, Instrument, and Data

Collection Technique

The instrument applied for the initial measurement

(pretest) as well as final measurement (post-test) was

vertical jump test, with the validity of 0.978 and

reliability of 0.989 (Widiastuti, 2015). As for the

steps of the process were: first, doing the pretest, and

then giving the treatment, and doing the posttest

afterwards to detect the result of the treatment given.

The data collected in this research was pretest data,

obtained from the quantities of the vertical jump test

acquired by the athletes before the treatment given

to the samples, whereas the post-test data obtained

from the quantities of the vertical jump test acquired

by the athletes after the treatment given to the

samples.

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2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

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2.6 Data Analysis Technique

Before the hypothesis test, the prerequisite test

should be done formerly. The result test related to

the result of the research. It is aimed to maintain and

to gain better analysis. As a consequence, in this

research, normality and homogeneity data tests

should be completed in this research. Before

stepping to the t-test, there are prerequisites that

should be fulfilled by the researcher that the

analyzed data should be distributed generally, so that

the normality and homogeneity tests should be set

(Arikunto, 2010).

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 The Description of the Data Result

of the Research

The result of the leg power of the Tekad Club’s

Taekwondo athletes before and after the treatment of

forward and backward kick in the inclines were as

follow:

Table 1: Pretest and posttest results of leg power of the

inclined forward kick group.

Subject No Pretest Posttest Difference

1 48 49 1

3 43 45 2

4 38 39 1

5 37 39 2

Mean

40.83 42.50

SD 4.96 4.81

Minimum

35.00 37.00

Maximu

48.00 49.00

Table 2: Pretest and posttest result of the leg power of the

inclined forward kick exercise group.

Subject No Pre-test Post-test Difference

1 45 48 3

3 40 41 1

4 39 41 2

5 37 38 1

6 35 35 0

Mean

40.17 41.67

SD 4.12 5.05

Minimum

35.00 35.00

Maximu

45.00 48.00

3.2 The Result of the Prerequisite

Group and Normality Group

The normality test calculation was finished by

applying the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z Formula and

the data processing technique by using the SPSS 16

program. The results were served as follow:

Table 3: Normality test.

Group P Information

Pretest Group A 0,942 Normal

Posttest Group A 0,787 Normal

Pretest Group B 0,948 Normal

Posttest Group B 0,935 Normal

From the result of table 3, it is able to be

perceived that the entire of the data has the score of

p (Sig.) >0.05, so the variable distributed normally.

3.3 Homogeneity Test

The norm of the homogeneity is if p > 0.05. The

result of the homogeneity test of the research can be

observed as in table 4:

Table 4: Homogeneity test.

Group Sig. Information

Pretest 0.439 Homo

Posttest 0.830 Homogeny

From table 4 above, the results of the pretest and

post-test were sig. p > 0.05 subsequently; the

character of the data was homogeny.

3.4 Hypothesis Test Result

The first hypothesis declared that “There is a

significant effect in the leg power of Tekad Club

Taekwondo athletes through the inclined forward

kick exercise.” The results were as follow:

Table 5: T-test result.

Group Mean

t-test for Equality of

means

t ht t tb Sig.

Pre-test 40.83

7.906 2.262 0.001

Pos

-tes

42.50

Based on the t-test, it can be seen that t

count

7.906 and t

table

(df

2.571 has significant score of p

about 0.001. Thus, t

count

7.906 > t

table

2.571, and the

significant score of 0.001 < 0.05, consequently the

The Effect of Exercise of Forward and Backward Kicks on the Incline towards Legs Power of Taekwondo Tekad Club

193

results proved that there was a significant difference.

Hence, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) stated “There

is a significant effect in the leg power of Tekad Club

Taekwondo athletes through the inclined forward

kick exercise” was acknowledged.

The second hypothesis said “There is a

significant effect in the leg power of Tekad Club

Taekwondo athletes through the inclined backward

kick exercise”. The results were as follow:

Table 6: T-test result.

Group Mean

t-test for Equality of

means

t ht t tb Sig.

Pretest 40.17

3.503 2.571 0.017

Posttest 41.67

From the results of the t-test, it is able to be

observed that t

count

3.503 and t

table

(df

2.571 with

the significant score of p is as high as 0.017. Thus,

the t

count

3.503 > t

table

2.571, and the significance

score of 0.017 < 0.05, as a result it showed the

significant difference. By this manner, the

alternative hypothesis (Ha) stated that “There is a

significant effect in the leg power of Tekad Club

Taekwondo athletes through the inclined backward

kick exercise”, was believed.

The third hypothesis said “The inclined forward

kick exercise is better than the inclined backward

kick exercise for the leg power of Tekad club

Taekwondo athlete.” The results were as follow:

Table 6: T-test group A and group B

Group

t-test for Equality of

means

t ht t tb Sig,

Ima

Internal

0.290 2.101 0.775

Ima

External

From the t-test result table above, it can be

spotted that t

count

is 0.349 and t-

table

(df

=10)

= 2.228,

whereas the significance score of p is 0.734. Since t

count

0.349 < t

table

=2.228 and sig, 0.349 > 0.05, which

represents that there is not any significant difference.

Based on the analysis result, the difference mean of

forward kick post-test and backward kick post-test is

only 0.17 cm, with the higher percentage of the

forward kick exercise, which is 4.08%. Therefore, it

demonstrated that the hypothesis (Ha) that said “The

inclined forward kick exercise is better than the

inclined backward kick exercise for the leg power of

Tekad club Taekwondo athletes”, was accepted.

3.5 Discussion

3.5.1 The Effect of the Inclined Forward

Kick Exercise through the Leg Power

of Tekad Club Taekwondo Athletes

Based on the outcome of the research, it showed that

there is a significant effect in the leg power of the

Tekad Club Taekwondo athletes. The effectiveness

of leg power progress of Tekad Club Taekwondo

athletes boosts 4.08%. Theoretically, the result of

uphill exercise offers an effect to the leg power

perfection of Tekad Club Taekwondo athletes. ”it is

done by regular jumping, before the landing, the

knee should be bent and brought a little to the front

to get better landing on the inclined ground.”

The mechanism for the exercise is the eccentric

cycle, by preparing the contractile unsure for the

concentric cycles. The fiber muscle spindle feels the

muscle length in parallel and the stretching

acceleration, and then it sends the information to the

Central Nervous System (CNS). The thrust of the

impulse sends back the information from the CNS to

the muscle to ease the shortened-contraction reflects

from the stretched muscle. When the muscle

shortened actively, the responsible components are

CC. Meanwhile, when the muscle actively

lengthened, the responsible components that produce

the strength are CC, SEC and PEC. If the

amortization is lengthened, it experienced the

stretching reflects and the energy production

departed away without any result. (Clark, 2008).

Plyometrics exercise is one of the exercising

techniques to develop the explosive power capacity

used by all of the sport branches to improve the

ability of jumping/hopping by making use of the

tendon muscle tissue stretched-shortening cycle and

activating the muscle to reach the maximum strength

in as short in time as possible. Plyometrics consists

of the fast muscle stretch (eccentric act) that

followed directly by shortening the similar muscle

and join tissue (concentric act). Plyometrics is also

known as shorten the stretching exercise or

strengthen the exercise or neuromuscular reactive

exercise. This is suitable with the statement stated by

Bompa that the enhancement of explosive power is

the consequence from the improvement of receptor

response in the muscle that is the response from

muscle spindle and apparatus Golgi (Bompa, 1994).

Muscle Spindle is the receptor which sends the

signal of the muscle stretching speed and muscle

length. Golgi organ is the sensory receptor that sends

the information about muscle strains.

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

194

The uphill exercise is the type of the exercise

that is done on the inclined track or uphill running.

In other words, uphill exercise is the inclined track

exercise. In this case, (Lee, Ferrigno, Santana, 2005)

stated, “Uphill running is the act of the athletes that

run uphill with the medium speed perpetually. This

exercise is endeavoured to develop the dynamic

strength in the leg muscle. If it is observed from the

stimulus of foot circle movement, for the inclined

running, it will be significantly different from flat

running. When ascending, the extensor muscle of

foot circle joint will work harder to restrain the load

affected by the gravitational force on oblique

(diagonal) track. As a consequence, the enlargement

occurred inside the muscle fiber and the quantity of

the capillary increased, and hence, the quality of foot

circle muscle contraction increased. Indirectly, the

muscle in foot circle will get use to the heavy load

and if the athletes run in flat track, the foot thrust

will be stronger.

3.5.2 The Effect of Inclined Backwards Kick

through the Leg Power of Tekad Club

Taekwondo Athletes

Based on the results of the research, it is shown that

there is a significant difference in the leg power of

Tekad Club Taekwondo athletes before and after the

treatment of inclined backward kick is about 3.73%.

The motion in down-hill exercise is performed by

running in descend based on the certain repetition

and set which determined by paying attention to the

working time and resting time. A good exercise is a

systematically designed exercise by following the

characteristics of the branch of sports and time

availability. An exercise will obtain the maximum

result is when the exercise follows the systematic

rules. This thing is targeted to minimize the accident

when performing the exercise. By applying the

exercise in stages, this will amplify the physical

activities so that the leg power of the athletes will be

developed. Besides, the down-hill exercise that

performed repetitively will source the elevating

activities which pace up the heart and lungs

performance to transfer the oxygen to the blood, so

it will cause the escalation.

The more resistant and temporal load should be

provided to the plyometric exercise program. The

load forced the muscle to work in a lofty intensity.

The accurate addition to the load is precisely

determined by controlling the descend height or fall

of the athletes, the load used and the distance. The

incorrect addition of load will distract the

effectiveness of the exercise or even cause the

accident. Accordingly, by using the load that is over

the demand, the more resistant load from the

plyometric movement will surely increase the power

but the production is not always created the

explosive power. The extra load in most of resistant

of plyometric exercise is momentum force and

gravitational force by using the body weight load

(Bompa, 1994). Plyometric exercise is one of the

types of explosive power exercise which used the

very fast muscle contraction and very strong muscle

in overcoming the resistance, thus the muscle always

indentures well in lengthened or shortened phase in

a very fast timing. Plyometrics exercise is fast,

explosive and reactive; these types are the

characteristics of muscular power work. Plyometrics

exercise which is done repetitively will affect to the

leg muscle. This exercise is the mixture of strength

and power which becomes the dominant part in

muscular power, subsequently this exercise is highly

recommended to elevate the leg muscle power.

The repetitive and perpetual exercise constructs

the adaptation process through the movement, so

that it augments the leg muscle power of the

athletes. This is caused by the plyometric. This also

has some benefits. The remuneration of plyometric

exercise are: (a) the speed movement is in higher

level of exercise, so that it is so effective and fit to

create the certain type of power (far movement

speed is better), (b) the risk of muscle accident is

lower, so it is more safe when conducting the

exercise, (c) the seriousness and truth in doing the

exercise program is easier, (d) the addition load

elevation is more precise, and suited to the rules, and

(e) enabling several members to train

simultaneously, so the duration will be more

resourceful.

3.5.3 The Comparison between the Inclined

Forward Kick Group and the Inclined

Backward Kick Group through the

Leg Power

According to the analysis, it is confirmed that the

inclined forward kick exercise is better than the

inclined backward kick exercise through the leg

power enhancement of Taekwondo athletes of Tekad

Club, with the mean of separation in post-test about

0.17cm and the percentage development of inclined

forward kick exercise of 4.08%. The principal of

plyometric exercise is the muscle retrenchment as

well as in lengthened phase (eccentric) or shortened

phase (concentric). The Plyometric exercise is

valuable to amplify the muscle nerve reaction,

explosive, speed and the capability to generate the

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force to certain direction. Plyometric exercise

illustrated the characteristics of muscle full strength

contraction with the very swift response, dynamic

loading or complicated muscle extension (Radcliffe

& Farentinos, 2002). Plyometric has several profits,

utilize of the force and the speed attained by

antigravity body weight acceleration, this occurrence

cause the speed force in plyometric exercise that

encourage several sport activities such as jumping,

running and throwing more often compared to the

weight exercise or it can be said to be more vigorous

or explosive (Chu, 2000).

That plyometric exercise using the weight in the

exercise to advance the power, may not always in

the form of external weight which requires some

tools such as dumbbell or vest (Bompa, 1994).

Conversely, it can also be in the form of the athletes

body weights as well, likewise if the athletes trained

are still in young ages or amateur. The load of their

own bodies like in jumping, hopping, push-up, etc,

are able to develop the muscle strength. The above

questions are strengthened by the research result of

Avery, stated that the additional exercise to the

training program increases the muscle strength

(Avery, 2007).

The result is also toughened by the research from

(Dwi, D.R.A.S, 2018) explained that based on the

pretest and post-test outcomes, it can be understood

that the experiment group of inclined sprint running

exercise affected positively through the long jump

result approximately 95.00%. Hill exercise on uphill

and downhill slopes has been frequently used by

distance runners to advance the mechanical

perspective; power represents a rate of performing

mechanical work, or a product of force acting upon

an object and the object’s velocity (Krishan, Sing, &

Selvam, 2011). In human movement associated

sciences, muscle power is generally considered to be

an essential factor that responsible for successful

rapid movements performed with maximum effort,

including jumping, sprinting, throwing, and kicking.

Observed by the stimulus from the foot circle

movement, uphill exercise is extensively different

from the flat running exercise. When ascending, the

extensor muscle of foot circle joint will work

tougher to restrain the load affected by the

gravitational force on oblique (diagonal) track. Thus,

the enlargement takes place inside the muscle fiber

and the quantity of the capillary increased, and as a

consequence, the quality of foot circle muscle

contraction increased. Indirectly, the muscle in foot

circle utilizes the heavy load and if the athletes run

in flat track, the foot shove will be stronger.

Downhill method is an exercise descending the

hill that is performed by the maximum speed

without reducing the rate and oppose the body

weight so that it can fabricate the maximum speed.

Downhill exercise is aimed to train the frequent

speed of the feet movement so it can generate the

maximum speed. The downhill exercise is also

raised the dynamic strength. The power exercise is

done whenever the athletes have built their pace of

strength and speed since power is the calibration

between strength and speed. The structure of the

power movement is always explosive. Thus, all

types of exercises in biomotoric components of

strength and speed become the power exercise

speed, when it is in light intensity until the rapid

rhythm (Sukadiyanto, 2011).

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the data analysis result, description, and

the test result of the research, and discussion, it can

be concluded, that:

(a) There is a significant different in inclined

forward kick through the leg power of the athletes of

Tekad club Taekwondo athletes, by t

count

7.906 > t

table

2.571, and significance score of 0.001 < 0.05, and

percentage raise about 4.08%.

(b) There is a significant effect of inclined

backward kick through the leg power of the athletes

of Tekad club Taekwondo athletes by t

count

3.503 >

table

2.571, and significance score of 0.017 < 0.05, and

the percentage raise of 3.73%.

inclined backward kick through the leg power of

Tekad Club Taekwondo athletes, with the post-test

difference of 0.17 cm and the raise of the

percentage in the exercise of inclined forward kick

of 4.08.

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