The Skills Development of Pencak Silat Training Model based on

Traditional Games Movement

Dwi Suci Lestari

, Panggung Sutapa

Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Colombo Street No.1, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Skills, Training Model, Pencak Silat, Traditional Games.

Abstract: The model of training that is appropriate to the characteristics of children is expected to be able to help the

process of forming pencak silat movement skills in a coordinated manner to better understand the movement

control and coordination from a developmental perspective. This study aims to describe the needs of trainers

related to the training model used to develop the skills of early childhood pencak silat through needs

assessment. The method used is a survey with a mixed approach method: quantitative and qualitative. The

sample consisted of 30 trainers between 21-58 years old. The data collection was done using questionnaires

with open-ended questions. The data analysis was done using Excel. The result of this research through the

need for assessment of pencak silat trainers at School showed that pencak silat training model that is in

accordance with the characteristics of the children and the martial arts sport event developed is expected to

facilitate the trainer in delivering material that is appropriate to the children’s needs. It can be concluded that

to be able to make a more efficient technique movement, a model of exercise is made. It is a process to develop

athletes from early age with innovative models and can be used to attract children's interest and enthusiasm.

1 INTRODUCTION

Early age is the right time or indicator to provide basic

motor skills due to the growth and development of

children is rapidly occurred during this period. The

importance of the acceptance of the movement skills

during this period is a solid foundation for the

development and a core of a good education in the

classroom, the gym, or a children's playground that

used to receive various types of motor skills, so

children who are already accustomed to receive

various motor skills will accept the same movement

skills easier in the future. The process of learning

technical motion needs to be considered carefully in

its implementation.

The trainer has an important role in providing the

correct technical movements for the children being

drilled. In order to get effective and efficient results,

it is necessary to be accompanied by guidance and

evaluation of the mistakes made and told how to do

the right movements. Thus the children are always in

a controlled state and in the mind of the children who

are trained has a picture of the movement of the

technique. Good mastery of techniques will affect the

level of efficiency in the use of energy for the athetes,

so that they are able to do activities repeatedly in a

long time without experiencing physical and

psychological fatigue. In addition, for the fighter who

mastery of good technique will minimize the

possibility of a good injury during training or

competition. Good mastery will also facilitate fighter

in developing emergency techniques to support the

appearance at a higher level, that the correct

technique has a very high level of efficiency (good

techniques = high efficiency).

Coaching from an early age through a structured

and continuous nursery program, with the right

concept becomes a help in sports performance. The

development achievement from the beginning needs

to be managed properly and correctly in accordance

with the principles of long-term development,

systematic and goal-oriented goals to be obtained.

Sports nurseries are an important stage in the

fostering of sporting achievements which are the

foundation of building an achievement sports

coaching system. Without well-nursed nurseries, the

achievement stage will not be reached. The nursery

system is the best way to form a strong foundation,

towards the next stage, namely specialization on an

ongoing basis to the high achievement stage. The

experience of motion received by the child give him

Lestari, D. and Sutapa, P.

The Skills Development of Pencak Silat Training Model based on Traditional Games Movement.

DOI: 10.5220/0009308702170223

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 217-223

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

217

stimulus to the movement skills in particular. It can

also be recorded in the memory of his brain.

Pencak silat is a movement made up of the attitude

of the early pairs, techniques perform, and complete.

Formation of attitude is the basis of the establishment

of the motion that includes the creation of physical

and spiritual attitudes. Understanding the process of

development for individual sapling provide important

guidelines for the teaching and practice of effective

models. The process of training carried out by

individuals will produce changes, which will change

it for the better than before. Therefore, the hope of the

changes that formed the pencak silat movement was

not initially approved by the individuals. The

childhood period of 8-12 years is the ideal time for

movement interactions. At this time, motion skills

must be directed that it will be difficult to do complex

movements in the future specifically for martial arts.

Play is an effort to meet three needs at once namely

physical, emotional, and stimulation / educational

needs.

A child who is used to interacting with his peers

has a good level of motivation and readiness to

receive a more complicated education. Various

opinions about the definition of play put forward by

experts. Play is a term used freely so that its main

meaning may be lost. Activities carried out for the

pleasure it causes without considering the final

results. Play is done voluntarily and there is no

coercion or pressure from outside/ obligations.

Efforts early breeding programs are structured and

continuous, with the right concept become a demand

on sports coaching achievements. Coaching

achievements since the beginning needs to be

managed properly in accordance with the principle of

fostering long-term, systematic and goal-oriented

targets to be obtained.

Pencak Silat is a very competitive sport

achievement. Peak performance can be achieved by an

athlete is not generated by relying on the luck factor.

All of that is achieved by requiring the systematic

development planning process and designed in a long

time and process. This means that the management

process guidance that continuously and gradually to

teach motor skills. Since the beginning of early age,

the development of multilateral, until golden era of

age in all sports, especially martial arts training model

of the movement skills is one of the key factors in the

achievement of an athlete. Field observations show

that it is rare for pencak silat trainers to do technical

moves based on the science and technology (Science

and Technology) examination during the training

process. Most trainers only provide material through

demonstrations or just give examples based on the

capabilities of the trainer. As a result, many trainees

have imperfect technical movements even though they

have been trained from an early age. In addition, the

obsession of coaches who force young children to

practice to participate in the competition even though

their mastery of technical movements is not perfect yet

is a problem that needs attention in the process of

training to practice pencak silat starting from an early

age. Then, by making practice model importance level

adjusted to the characteristics will be very great so as

not to inhibit the growth of the children. Physical

activity in various models of physical education can

encourage and motivate children to be directly

involved in obtaining a health-based experience.

Sports competitions required continuous

assessment related to the physiology, psychology,

and biomotorik to evaluate improved performance,

efficiency and effectiveness of exercise and mental

strength ranging from children to adults, and all sports

competitions required continuous assessment of

which were related to the physiology, psychology,

and biomotorik to evaluate improved performance,

efficiency and effectiveness of exercise and mental

powers in accordance with the children until they

become adults. Model exercises with physical

condition is an image associated with health and

skills. The physical condition is influenced by muscle

type, age, gender and practice. Exercise is important

to improve their health, but it is also likely to cause

injury because of an intensive training program with

high frequency. Appropriate model exercises and

appropriate characteristics of the children is expected

to assist in the formation of martial arts movement

skills in a coordinated way to better understand the

control and coordination of movement from a

developmental perspective. Beside being able to

provide a new space in the training process,

developing traditional games can also incorporate

aspects of the objectives of physical education

including affective, cognitive and psychomotor. The

goal is for children to do physical activity in

accordance with their characteristics, in addition to

the requirement in sport martial arts can also be

received by the children.

2 LITERATURE RIVIEW

2.1 Martial Arts

Pencak silat is a sport in which its development can

be done from early age. That is because martial arts

began to be contested from an early age, adolescents,

to adults. The categories of Pencak silat competition

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

218

consist of match, single, double, and team categories.

Match martial arts performed by a sense of

brotherhood and soul knight by using elements of

martial arts and martial arts sport and uphold the vow

of fighters Indonesia. The match is played in

accordance with the categories set out in regulation

match and led by a legitimate technical

implementation. Formation of attitude is the basis of

the establishment of the motion that includes physical

and spiritual attitudes. Physical attitude is physical

readiness to perform the movements with good

engineering skills.

The mental attitude is the mental readiness and

mind to do with the purpose vigilant, alert, practical

and efficient. Category Matches in sports Pencak

Silat include: (1) sparring category. (2) a single

category. (3) doubles. (4) categories of teams. Pencak

Silat is a combination of several elements of the

movement of mutual support. Elements of movement

in martial arts consist of the value of the arts, as well

as highlight the beauty of motion. There are some

elements of movement are described in details,

including: (1) horses. (2) the attitude of pairs. (3) the

pattern of steps. (4) protection. (5) attack, and (6)

catches.

2.2 Training Methods

The method is a way to establish a training process so

that the goals can be achieved. Thus the training

method is a systematic way which are applied in the

training process to achieve goals such as motor skills

of a person. In addition, the training methods can be

defined as a process to divide the difficult skill into a

simple form in order to facilitate the training process.

During the training process, coaches accuracy in

applying the method to determine the success in

achieving the desired goals. In competitive sports,

psychological and biomotor assistance are needed to

improve the efficiency, efficiency and effectiveness

of training, and mental strength from children to

adults. Exercise is a systematic process to improve

athlete performance in the form of fitness, skills, and

energy capacity by paying attention to educational

aspects through scientific approaches. Training is a

work process that must be carried out systematically,

repeatedly, continuously, and the longer the amount

of burden given is increasing.

During the training process, the trainer's accuracy

in the method is very much agreed upon in the desired

goal. Related to that, the application of the method

must be adapted to the maturity of older children, an

environment that can influence the exercise process.

Thus, it can be concluded that exercise is a process

that improves physical quality and exercise which is

carried out repeatedly with progressive loading. For

this reason, the training process requires the right

method so that what is the main goal is needed. In

accordance with the explanations from several

experts the resolution of the training model thus the

training model requested in this study is a training

model that is adapted to the needs of children in the

martial arts sport which is conducted in the form of

play.

The game used is a game that is tailored to the

needs of children and branches of martial arts so that

there are those who accept these two variables.

Understanding introduces learning theory is a form of

foundation in the development of the martial arts

exercise skills training model. This is related to

material about children who receive training materials

and what training materials can be delivered in

accordance with the characteristics of children aged 8-

12 years. Learning theory is the foundation that

compiles designs, develops designs by utilizing media

and carrying out the process. The law of association,

that the experience or memory of an object tends to

create a memory of something similar to that object.

Furthermore, it is explained that Aristotle considered

the impression of the senses as the basis of all

knowledge.

In line with this theoretical thinking that the skills

of martial arts requires a variety of senses involved

therein. Children will be more motivated in carrying

out activities if the environment is conducive to

learning. A supportive play atmosphere such as

friends, types of activities, places of activity felt by

children will really give positive encouragement. The

application of methods must be adapted to the

conditions in which well aged children maturity level,

an environment that may affect the training process.

It can be concluded that the practice is a systematic

process to improve the physical quality and

appearance of exercise performed repeatedly with

progressive loading. It required exercise the right

method so what are the main objectives achieved

optimally. Traditional sports are cultural heritage of

the ancestors of Indonesia. Traditional sports have to

meet two requirements, namely in the form of "sport"

and at the "traditional" either in a tradition that has

evolved over several generations, as well as in the

sense of something that is related to the cultural

tradition of a nation more broadly. Cultural values

embodied in the form of traditional sport is the award

at great effort to achieve superior performance, award

at the accomplishments of others.

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3 METHOD

This research is a descriptive research with mix

methods. Mixed method was the procedure to collect,

analyze and mix quantitative and qualitative data in a

study or series of multiphase research. The data were

collected using two (2) techniques, namely the review

of the literature and field surveys. Mixed methods

research was done by accumulating data or

information that was valid and reliable. Subjects who

were chosen in this research were martial arts coaches

from several colleges silat 30 people with an age range

of 21 to 58 years, from 9 universities martial arts in

West Kalimantan. The data were collected by using

open-ended questions consisting of 15 questions that

were made using a google form, Data collection

techniques was performed by using an open-ended

question consisting of 15 items of questions. The

questionnaire contained 10 questions of choice and 5

a description of where the question description exempt

coach to answer questions according to his thinking.

The data were analyzed using statistical methods mix.

Results obtained are presented below.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Result

The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire

with open-ended questions. Researchers distributing

questionnaires via google forms are already available.

The questionnaire contains several questions relating

to: (1) Model practice martial arts for early childhood.

(2) Using a tedious exercise models without adjusting

the characteristics of the child. (3) The method of

training given to early childhood trainers (4) Modify

the traditional game into practice models. (5) The

traditional games can increase motor skills.

Table 1: The Result of Close Questionnaire.

indicators

Yes

(%)

No.

(%)

Traditional games can improve motor

skills of children

96.7

4.3

Traditional games can educate a child

without pressure.

86.7

13.3

Model exercises with games make

children happy.

100

Analyzing corresponding affective,

and psychomotor kognif

86.7

13.3

It needs a model of exercise in

accordance with the characteristics of

children

96.7

4.3

Table 1 shows that 96.7% trainers have the same

thought that traditional games can improve motor

skills of martial arts. 4.3% of a coach with a different

mindset. Traditional games can educate children

without depressed 86.7% and 13.3%-minded coach

with the thought that is different. 100% trainers

provide views of children be happy if the coach gives

this type of training to traditional games. Model

exercises adapted to study theories of child

development, ages 8-12) to analyze the charge of

cognitive, affective, psychomotor adapted to study

theories of child development, ages 8-12 86.7%.

Needs a model exercise in accordance with the

characteristics of children 8-12 years old.

Open-ended questionnaire conducted on 30

subjects martial arts coaches from nine universities in

West Kalimantan. Results show that the majority of

subjects stated that this type of training for early

childhood is not adjusted to the characteristics of

children and the exercise membosankan. Therefore,

models make children feel pressured by models of a

given workout. Lack of knowledge of the coach to

exercise that is given to early childhood coach can not

distinguish between the provision of exercise on early

childhood and teen age children or adults. The

training model is a star for students conducted on

students, arranged based on the theory provided for

the complaint of the material to children. The learning

process begins with how to arrange the material to be

delivered, the suitability of the material, then proceed

with how to deliver structured material to students.

The existence of a good learning model and in

accordance with the characteristics of students makes

it easy for teachers to deliver the material. In addition

to the existence of a good learning model, there are

important things that must be possessed by the

instructor, namely the mastery of learning material.

Teacher mastery of the material delivered to students

is a determinant of whether the learning model can be

done well or not. Teaching models can actually be

interpreted as learning models. When educators help

students obtain information, ideas, skills, values,

ways of thinking and the purpose of expressing

themselves, educators are actually teaching students

to learn. In essence the most important long-term

instructional results are how students are able to

improve their capabilities to be able to learn more

easily and more effectively in the future, both because

of the knowledge and skills acquired and because of

the students' mastery of a better learning process. To

be able to do a more efficient technique of motion

made models of practice which is the process for the

development of athletes at the start of the age of the

children. Therefore, it is necessary to have a model of

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

220

a special form of exercise that is given to early

childhood.

4.2 Discussion

There is lack of knowledge about the model trainer

training. Lack of knowledge of the coach one of them

causing more than 50% do not have a coach coaching

certificate. Training certificate is obtained after

training. Naturally, if the average coach has less

knowledge, it provides models of practice based

solely on experience. In addition, lack of exercise

model of early childhood martial arts coach has no

reference in providing proper exercise models for

early childhood. Exercise is the process whereby a

person discovers new things derived from

observation, and the experience of someone.

Limitations of the coach in mastering the material,

and the provision of appropriate models of practice

that is not given by the coaches in college is

something that often happens.

The process of exercise performed by an

individual can result in changes, which aims to

change it to be better than ever. Therefore, the

expectations of changes in the form of martial arts

movement skills initially had never possessed by the

individual. Children aged 8-12 years period is an ideal

time to study the motion. At this time when mastering

motor skills difficulties do likely not perform a

complex movement in the future, especially in martial

arts. There are several stages according to Johansyah

Lubis movement skills in martial arts coaches

upgrading the national level, namely: (a) the

cognitive stage, the process of thinking is very active,

individual attention to various cues that affect the

situation and trying to choose which one to use. In this

cognitive stage, that note is the understanding of the

run movements being studied. (b) secondary stage

(Associative), the learning phase, in which the

individual has to understand what to do, and the main

problem is the need to practice what they have learned

as well as the conditions that support the practice. The

direction of the practice of the movement is to achieve

efficiency and efektiitas motion. (c) the stage of

automation, agile stage individuals are no longer too

concerned about the movement to achieve the best

performance. Movement becomes autonomous,

meaning that the movement can be performed without

influence by other activities that should be done at the

same time. Improving the ability of harmony and

precision of movement would be better if it continues

to be practiced.

The skills learned well can develop into a habit.

(B) secondary stage (Associative), the learning phase,

in which the individual has to understand what to do,

and the main problem is the need to practice what they

have learned as well as the conditions that support the

practice. The direction of the practice of the

movement is to achieve efficiency and motion

effectiveness, (c) the stage of automation, agile stage

individuals are no longer too concerned about the

movement to achieve the best performance.

Movement becomes autonomous, meaning that the

movement can be performed without influence by

other activities that should be done at the same time.

Improving the ability of harmony and precision of

movement would be better if it continues to be

practiced. The skills learned can develop into a habit.

(B) secondary stage (Associative), the learning phase,

in which the individual has to understand what to do,

and the main problem is the need to practice what they

have learned as well as the conditions that support the

practice. The direction of the practice of the

movement is to achieve efficiency and motion

evectivity, (c) the stage of automation, agile stage

individuals are no longer too concerned about the

movement to achieve the best performance.

Movements become autonomous, meaning that they

can be performed without influence by other activities

that should be done at the same time. Improving the

ability of harmony and precision of movement would

be better if it continues to be practiced. The skills

learned would develop into a habit. in which people

have to understand what to do, and the main problem

is the need to practice what they have learned as well

as the conditions that support the practice.

The direction of the practice of the movement is

to achieve efficiency and efektiitas motion, (c) the

stage of automation, agile stage individuals are no

longer too concerned about the movement to achieve

the best performance. Movements become

autonomous, meaning that the movements can be

performed without the influence by other activities

that should be done at the same time. Improving the

ability of harmony and precision of movement would

be better if it continues to be practiced. The skills

learned would develop into a habit. In which people

have to understand what to do, and the main problem

is the need to practice what they have learned as well

as the conditions that support the practice. The

direction of the practice of the movement is to achieve

efficiency and the motion effectiveness, (c) the stage

of automation, agile stage individuals are no longer

too concerned about the movement to achieve the best

performance. Movements become autonomous,

meaning that the movements can be performed

without the influence by other activities that should

be done at the same time. Improving the ability of

The Skills Development of Pencak Silat Training Model based on Traditional Games Movement

221

harmony and precision of movement would be better

if it continues to be practiced. The skills learned

would develop into a habit.

The direction of the practice of the movement is

to achieve efficiency and efektiitas motion, (c) the

stage of automation, agile stage individuals are no

longer too concerned about the movements to achieve

the best performance. Movements become

autonomous, meaning that the movements can be

performed without the influence by other activities

that should be done at the same time. Improving the

ability of harmony and precision of movements

would be better if it continues to be practiced. The

skills learned would develop into a habit.

The direction of the practice of the movement is

to achieve efficiency and the motion effectiveness, (c)

the stage of automation, agile stage individuals are no

longer too concerned about the movements to achieve

the best performance. The movements become

autonomous, meaning that the movement can be

performed without influence by other activities that

should be done at the same time. Improving the

ability of harmony and precision of movement would

be better if it continues to be practiced.

The skills learned would develop into a habit. It

means that the movements can be performed without

the influence of other activities that should be done at

the same time. Improving the ability of harmony and

precision of movements would be better if it

continues to be practiced. The skills learned would

develop into a habit. It means that the movement can

be performed without the influence by other activities

that should be done at the same time. Improving the

ability of harmony and precision of movements

would be better if it continues to be practiced. The

skills learned would develop into a habit. Based on

the results of the initial survey and analysis of the

issue, the researchers realized that the order for the

process of motion exercises martial arts skills can run

optimally and in accordance with the requirements

based on the characteristics of children aged 8-12

years old, it needs a model of practice in which the

model exercise it in accordance with the needs of

children ages 8-12 years.

5 CONCLUSIONS

The development of motor skills exercise models

based martial arts traditional games for children ages

8-12 years of motion skills models adapted to the

characteristics of children aged 8-12 years are

necessary to improve physical fitness and can perform

activities move more independently without having to

rely on help from others. This research can help in

providing advice to shows that the model of martial

arts practice in sesuikan with the characteristics of

children and martial arts sport that was developed is

expected to facilitate the trainer in presenting the

material in accordance with the needs of the child.

Based on the analysis of existing problems. Pencak

silat motion skills needs can be introduced and

instilled through a model of exercise that has been

done several assessments so that the training process

needs of children can be met through this model. The

role of the trainer in the development of this model

largely determines the results obtained in the training

process so that in the training process the trainer must

play an active role to get the expected results.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author would like to thank all the trainers from

several martial arts colleges in West Kalimantan who

were involved and contributed to the preliminary

study of my thesis. The authors also thank for

supporting the research so that this introduction can

be carried out well. We also thank the faculty and

friends of sports science students at the Postgraduate

Program, Yogyakarta State University.

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