Tourists’ Motivation in Visiting nDalem Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri

Resto) Yogyakarta as a Gastronomy Tourism Destination

Setyo Prasiyono Nugroho, Given Mona Erythrea Nur Islami, Yudi Setiaji

Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata AMPTA, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,

Keyword: Gastronomy Tourism, Motivation, Tourists

Abstract: This research is done at nDalem Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto) Yogyakarta. The aim of the research is

to describe the tourists’ motivation in visiting nDalem Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto) as a gastronomy

tourism destination. The respondents of this research are foreign and domestic tourists. This research uses

quantitative approach. Quantitative descriptive method is employed in analysing the data. Meanwhile, this

research’s sample is taken by using simple random sampling technique. Based on the result of this research,

it shows that the tourists’ motivation in visiting nDalem Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto) is dominated by

cultural motivation such as: a) the Sultan Palace’s cultural tradition, b) the Sultan Palace’s Unique Building,

and c) The Needs to Know the History of the Sultan Palace’s Objects at Gadri Resto Museum. Meanwhile,

the tourist attraction is dominated by gastronomy tourism such as hobby to do a culinary tourism and

Curiosity of the Sultan Palace’s Special Dishes

1 INTRODUCTION

Industrial sector is one of the developing economic

sectors in this world which is aimed to increase

certain country’s human standard of living. Among

today’s well-developed cyberspace which is able to

help everyone to reserve or book any

accommodation and transportation, tourism industry

can be considered as one of industrial sectors that

has flourished as a leading commodity. Indonesia’s

most famous province that is well-known with its

tourism realm is Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Yogyakarta has so many tourist attractions, such as

its natural tourism including the marine tourism as

well and also completed with its cultural and

culinary tourism. Culinary tourism itself is a kind of

developing tourism in Yogyakarta. It is known that

there are several ways to draw tourists’ interests to

do this kind of tourism experience; one of which is

to present the offered dishes or beverages’

uniqueness and peculiarity. Their taste, presentation,

appearance, ingredients, the method in making the

dishes, utensils which are used to make or serve

these dishes, place in which the dishes are served,

price, its history until its name and appellation are

the things that reflect themselves as certain unique

dishes and beverages.

Culinary tourism has two options for the tourists;

local dishes and common dishes that has nothing to

do with the local culture. Local dishes itself is a part

of gastronomy tourism which has the strength of

“behind the scene” in inventing these certain dishes.

There are history and tradition which are following

them. Enjoying the local dishes with its interesting

background story is a gastronomy tourism attraction

and as one of the main tourist destinations. In

Yogyakarta itself, there is nDalem Prince

Joyokusuman’s House- or well-known as Gadri

Resto, that has this kind of gastronomy tourism

attraction. This restaurant has Indonesian and

Western dishes as well. Besides, Gradri Resto also

serves Keraton Yogyakarta dishes which are the

favourite of Sultan HB VII-IX of Yogyakarta. There

are nasi blawong, bistik edan, gudeg empal, prawan

kenes, bistik Jawa, salad jawa, pandekoek, manuk

enom, wedang secang, beer Jawa, etc. Sultan’s most

favorite dishes are considered as one of the tourist

motivations to visit nDalem Joyokusuman’s House.

Based on the explanation above, this research is

aimed to do an analysis about the most dominant

tourists’ motivation to visit nDalem Prince

Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto) as a gastronomy tourism

destination and as the most interesting tourist

attraction as well.

Nugroho, S., Nur Islami, G. and Setiaji, Y.

Tour ists’ Motivation in Visiting nDalem Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto) Yogyakarta as a Gastronomy Tour ism Destination.

DOI: 10.5220/0009319800370042

In Proceedings of the 1st NHI Tour ism Forum (NTF 2019) - Enhancing Innovation in Gastronomic for Millennials, pages 37-42

ISBN: 978-989-758-495-4

Based on Rao, Monin & Durand in Antonius

(2018), gastronomy is described as an influence of

nature itself (geography and the weather) and also

the culture (history and ethnic) toward the

component of flavor, texture, and the taste of the

dishes and beverages. The identity of gastronomy is

the interest of an area (country) in determining its

cultural diversity and culinary rhetoric.

Gilleisole (2001:235) says that gastronomy or

culinary art is an art itself, and it is considered as a

science of good eating. In short, gastronomy is all of

the things which are related to the delicacy of the

dishes and beverages.

Thus, based on the definitions that have been

mentioned above, it can be concluded that

gastronomy is cultural and historical aspects that are

able to establish the cultural identity of an area

which has the dishes as its main focus. Gastronomy

is an area (certain country’s) interest in determining

the cultural diversity and culinary rhetoric. Ketaren

(2017) says that gastronomy is focusing on 4 aspects

or elements, which are:

History: it is related to the origin of certain

ingredients, how and where it is cultivated.

Culture: it is related to the factors that affect the

society in consuming the dishes.

Geographical landscape: it is related to the

natural factor (nature and ethnic which affect the

society to cook the dishes.

Method of cooking: it is about the progress on

cooking in general. It is not about the technique of

cooking because a gastronom does not to be able to

cook.

Those 4 elements is called as tangible (real,

clear, and concrete) that has been used as Western

society’s standard if we are talking about

gastronomy.

Sudirman in Dian (2018), motivation is defined

as an urge which is established from one's self

causing him to do something unconsciously until he

can reach a certain goal.

Ngalim (2007:10) says motivation is anything

that is influencing someone to do something which

is called as “motive”- a motive of a journey. Thus, it

can be concluded that motivation is an urge from

one’s self to or not to travel.

McIntosh and Murphy in Elizabet et al (2017)

say that motivation to go travelling can be divided

into four categories:

Physical or physiological motivation, such as

relaxation, for health, for comfort, to do any

participations in certain sports event, etc.

Cultural motivation is a desire to know about

culture, customs, tradition, and arts of other places.

It includes one’s interest towards the cultural

heritage (historical building).

Social motivation or interpersonal motivation,

such as visiting a friend and family, to see our

colleague, doing something that has prestige value,

making a pilgrimage, doing a short escape from any

boring activities, etc.

Fantasy motivation. It happens if there is any

fantasy about other places that if someone visit

there, he can feel detached from his boring daily

routines, and there is also an ego-enhancement that

is able to give him a psychological satisfaction. This

motivation is also called as prestige motivation.

Moslow’s concept of the hierarchy of human

needs, which starts from physiological, security,

social, prestige, and self-actualization needs, has

been considered as the primary aspect to do a

research about tourists’ motivation by Pierce (1988)

and Pearce and Caltabiano (1983). In this research, it

is said that tourists’ motivation in travelling can

change dynamically from time to time. Pierce in

Pitana and Gayatri (2005) finds out that the factor of

self-actualization and social needs are in the highest

part of this hierarchy.

Moreover, there is a theory called push and pull

motivation which is included in travel motivation. It

is said that push factor is established from the

intangible factors which come from the tourist

himself. Meanwhile, the pull factor is established

from tangible factors which come from certain

tourist attraction’s uniqueness and another potential

factor. Crompton in Ahmad Puat Mat Som (2010)

depicts the seven factors of socio-psychology, the

push motivation (escape, self-exploratory,

relaxation, prestige, regression, kinship-

enhancement, and social interaction), and also two

factors of cultural or what is called as pull

motivation (novelty and education).

Based on the Law No. 10 of 2009 about

Tourism, it is said that a tourism destination,

hereinafter referred to as a Tourism Destination, is a

geographical area which is located at one or more

administrative regions in which there are tourist

attractions, public facilities, tourism facilities,

accessibility, and communities which are

interrelated and complement the realization of

tourism. Travel Attractions, according to Law No.

10 of 2009 about Tourism, is everything that has a

uniqueness, beauty, and value in the form of

diversity of natural wealth, culture, and man-made

products that are the target or destination of tourist

visits. Marpaung in Martina et al (2017) says that

tourist attraction is a formation and/or related

activity and facility which can draw tourist and

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travelers’ interest to visit a certain area or place.

Moreover, based on Directorate General of

Government, tourist attraction itself is divided into

three:

a. Natural Tourist Attraction

Natural Tourist Attraction is the natural

resources that have the potential and certain

attractiveness toward the visitors both in a

natural state and after a cultivation effort.

Natural potential tourist attraction can be

divided into four sectors. They are:

• Flora and fauna

The ecosystem’s uniqueness and

peculiarity, such as in beach ecosystem

and mangrove ecosystem.

• Natural phenomenon, such as craters, hot

springs, waterfalls and lakes.

• Cultivation of natural resources, such as

rice fields, plantations, livestock, fisheries

businesses.

b. Socio-cultural Tourist Attraction

Socio-cultural Tourist Attraction covers

museum, historical heritage, custom ceremony,

performing arts, and handicraft. Marpaung

(2002) tries to divide socio-cultural tourist

attraction into several parts, such as:

• Archaeological Heritage and Monuments

• Museums and Other Cultural Facilities

• Lifestyle

• Village Tourism

• Religious, Ethnic, and Nostalgic tourism.

c. Special Interest Travel Attractions

Special Interest Tourism Attraction is a type of

tourism that has just been developed in

Indonesia. This tourist attraction is prioritized

for the tourists who have a particular

motivation. Thus, usually the tourists must

have expertise. For example: mountain

climbing, rafting, medicinal purposes, agro-

tourism, gastronomy tourism, etc.

Uysal and Hagan in Sahara, (2016) mention that

there are five factors that can attract tourists to visit

any tourist destinations, such as (1) natural and

historical attractions, (2) culinary, (3) community,

(4) recreational facilities, and (5) image of the

offered destination.

Cooper, et al. (1993) in Suwena (2010) explains

that tourism destination should be supported by four

major components which is called as “4A”:

Atraction is an tourist attraction that is owned

and located in a certain location. The attraction itself

can be natural resources, cultural tourism, and

artificial tourism.

Amenities. It can be the facilities that support the

tourism activity in the certain tourist attraction. It

can be the accommodation or lodging business,

restaurant or culinary business, and also public

facilities such as toilet, gift/souvenir shop, etc.

Accessibility is the facility that can help the

tourist gets easier to visit the tourist attraction or to

look for the information about it.

Ancillary service is the addition services to

support the tourism activity such as a private

institution who manages the tourism development in

a certain tourist attraction. It can also be a TIC

(Tourist Information Center) to give the tourists

information through brochure, book, map, and the

availability of the competent tour guide as well.

The referred tourist attraction in this research is

the attraction of nDalem Prince Joyokusuman's

House (Gadri Resto). This place is home of GBPH

Joyokusumo and his wife, BRAy Nuraida

Joyokusumo, as well as museum and restaurant that

serves HB VII-HB IX's favorite dishes in

Yogyakarta Palace.

Figure 1.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

This research was done in Gadri Resto which is

located in Roto Wijayan St. No. 5, Yogyakarta

Palace. The research only focused on the tourists’

motivation in visiting Gadri Resto as the goal of

gastronomy tourism. The method of collecting the

data was using field observation method, interview,

questionnaire, and it was documented based on the

Tourists’ Motivation in Visiting nDalem Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto) Yogyakarta as a Gastronomy Tourism Destination

findings on the field. Descriptive qualitative method

was used to analyze the data by concluding the

research results by interviewing the tourists.

The tourists’ response could be seen through the

score given by the tourists of their motivations in

visiting Gadri Resto which was written in the

questionnaire. It was aimed to make the tourists get

easier to understand the content of the research. In

collecting the average score from the respondents’

response, the researcher made a class interval. It was

calculated by using this following formula.

Figure 2.

The highest score would be 5 meanwhile the

lowest score of the respondents’ response was 1. The

number of classes, however, were 5. Thus, by using

the given formula, it could be seen that the class

interval = 0.8. Therefore, it was decided that the

respondents’ responses category as it follows:

Figure 3.

3 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 General Description of nDalem

Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto)

Gadri Resto, formerly known as nDalem

Joyokusuman, was established in 1916, at the behest

of Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono VIII who wanted

to organize the frontage of the Ngayogyakarta

Hadiningrat Palace. Before being changed as a

restaurant and museum, this restaurant which is

located at Jalan Rotowijayan Number 5, was the

residence of the late Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung

Condrokusumo, the nephew of Sri Sultan Hamengku

Buwono VII. After Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung

Condrokusumo died, this place was used by the late

Gusti Bendoro Pangeran Haryo Bintoro, the younger

brother of Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX who

acted as Narpa Cundaka Dalem. nDalem

Joyokusuman, known as Gadri Resto, is a part of

Ngayogyakarto Hadiningrat Sultanate which is built

as a tourist attraction with Javanese architecture

style and as a residence as well. Today, Gadri Resto

became the residence of the late Gusti Bendoro

Pangeran Haryo Haji Joyokusumo and his family.

GBPH Joyokusumo is one of Sri Sultan Hamengku

Buwono IX's sons. Meanwhile, his wife is Kanjeng

Raden Ayu Widyaningrum, one of the younger

sisters of Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono X, who

reigns at present, with the title of Constitute

Kawedanan Hageng Panitra pura and act as Narpa

Cundaka.

3.2 Respondents’ Characteristics

This research had found 100 respondents as its

samples. These respondents were the Gadri Resto’s

visitors. One of the technique used in collecting the

data was through the questionnaire technique. The

questionnaire was distributed to the respondents and

it was returned to the researcher in the same number

as when it was distributed.

From the questionnaire, it was found that the

respondents had several characteristics, such as:

a. Gender

b. Age

c. Education

d. Religion

e. Hometown

f. Nationality

g. Status

h. Job

i. Time spent to do traveling

j. The source of information

k. Travel buddies

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3.3 Recapitulation of Respondent

Response

Table 1: Recapitulation of Respondents; Responses of

Tourist Motivation in Visiting Gadri Resto

Based on the table above, four indicators of

tourists’ motivation in visiting nDalem Prince

Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto) are:

a. Physical or physiological motivation has

three different indicators which has 1251 in

total and 4.17 as its average value. It shows

that the tourists’ motivation in visiting

nDalem Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto)

is driven by physical and physiological

motivation since the score is already high.

b. Cultural motivation has three different

indicators which has 1279 in total and 4.26

as its average value. It shows that the

tourists’ motivation in visiting nDalem

Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto) is driven

by cultural motivation since the score is very

high.

c. Interpersonal motivation has two different

indicators which has 795 in total and 3.97 as

its average value. It shows that the tourists’

motivation in visiting nDalem Prince

Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto) is driven by

Interpersonal motivation since the score is

already high.

d. Status and dignity motivation has two

different indicators which has 817 in total

and 4.08 as its average value. It shows that

the tourists’ motivation in visiting nDalem

Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto) is driven

by status and dignity motivation since the

score is already high.

e. Gastronomy motivation has two different

indicators which has 895 in total and 4.47 as

its average value. It shows that the tourists’

motivation in visiting nDalem Prince

Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto) is driven by

gastronomy motivation since the score is

very high.

4 CONCLUSION

Based on what has been explained above, the

conclusion of Food Gastronomy Tourism Of

Yogyakarta Palace “NDalem Prince Joyokusuman’s

House”: Motivation And Tourism Destination is:

a. Physical and Physiological motivation has

several sub indicators, such as: relaxation,

comfort, and to get relaxed. Based on the

average value and the total score of Physical

and Physiological motivation, it is included

as an incentive factor for the tourist to visit

nDalem Prince Joyokusuman tourist

attraction. Based on the result of the

research, the recapitulation of the

respondents’ response about physical and

physiological motivation in visiting nDalem

Prince Joyokusuman shows that it has 1251

in total and 4.17 as its average value. It

means that Physical and Physiological

motivation has a high influence in

motivating the tourist to visit nDalem Prince

Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto) tourist

attraction.

b. Cultural motivation has several sub

indicators, such as: the needs to know the

history of the Palace’s objects at Gadri Resto

Museum and also to know about The

Palace’s unique building. Based on the

average value and the total score of Cultural

motivation, it is included as the most

Tourists’ Motivation in Visiting nDalem Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto) Yogyakarta as a Gastronomy Tourism Destination

dominant incentive factor for the tourist to

visit nDalem Prince Joyokusuman tourist

attraction. Based on the result of the

research, the recapitulation of the

respondents’ response about cultural

motivation in visiting nDalem Prince

Joyokusuman shows that it has 1279 in total

and 4.26 as its average value. It means that

Cultural motivation has a very high

influence in motivating the tourist to visit

nDalem Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto)

tourist attraction.

c. Interpersonal motivation has several sub

indicators, such as: to meet family or

colleague and friends. Based on the average

value and the total score of Interpersonal

motivation, it is included as an incentive

factor for the tourist to visit nDalem Prince

Joyokusuman tourist attraction. Based on the

result of the research, the recapitulation of

the respondents’ response about

Interpersonal motivation in visiting nDalem

Prince Joyokusuman shows that it has 795 in

total and 3.97 as its average value. It means

that Interpersonal motivation has a high

influence in motivating the tourist to visit

nDalem Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto)

tourist attraction.

d. Status and Dignity motivation has several

sub indicators, such as: the needs for

recognition and reputation. Based on the

average value and the total score of Status

and Dignity motivation, it is included as an

incentive factor for the tourist to visit

nDalem Prince Joyokusuman tourist

attraction. Based on the result of the

research, the recapitulation of the

respondents’ response about status and

dignity motivation in visiting nDalem Prince

Joyokusuman shows that it has 817 in total

and 4.08 as its average value. It means that

Status and Dignity motivation has a high

influence in motivating the tourist to visit

nDalem Prince Joyokusuman (Gadri Resto)

tourist attraction.

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