Ergonomic Design of Electric Car’s Cockpit

Abdul Alimul Karim, Budiani Fitria Endrawati and Chandra S. Rahendaputri

Institut Teknologi Kalimantan

Keywords: Ergonomic, Cockpit Design, Anthropometry

Abstract: Electric car competition has been well known lately in Indonesia. The car will be tested for its speed, break,

and slalom ability. The electric car's cockpit is an important part of the car. Designing a comfortable cockpit

will increase the driver's focus. Unfortunately, the ergonomic design of the cockpit has not been

implemented in Enggang Evo, an electric car made by the students of Institut Teknologi Kalimantan. This

research was conducted to gain a dimension for building an ergonomic apparatus based on anthropometrical

data of ITK students. Calculation result using 95

percentile male is the shoulder height in sitting position

(D10) = 60.80 cm, Eye height minus shoulder height sitting (D9-D10) = 17.16 cm, Shoulder breadth (D17)

= 42.66 cm, Hip breadth (D19) = 32.33 cm, Sole breadth (D31) = 10.07 cm, Body to steer (i) = 76.46 cm,

and Hip to pedal (j) = 64.25 cm.

1. INTRODUCTION

Lately, fossil fuel has been a global issue for its

availability and the number of pollutants it produces.

Indonesian government trying to tackle this issue by

holding an electric car competition. One of the

famous electric car competition, held by Politeknik

Negeri Bandung. In the competition, students from

all around Indonesia will be competing in designing

an electric car. Later, the electric car will be tested

for its speed, its break, and slalom. Institut

Teknologi Kalimantan (ITK) also joined the

competition. Students from ITK had come out with

the design of their electric car named Enggang Evo.

Car cockpit is the place where the driver will

interact directly with all the components that are

crucial to make the car work properly, such as

accelerator pedal, brake, and also steering. The

comfortable design of this cockpit will increase the

performance of not only the driver but also the car

because it will give easy access for the driver to

operate the car comfortably (Z. Ahmad, 2017). The

components of the electric car that are easy to reach

will also minimize the driver's mistake due to it

helps them to focus. An ergonomically designed

cockpit is important to increase comfort in driving.

In the previous study, the survey reveals that

attributes like ease to reach steer, comfortable seat,

and spacious cockpit were some attributes that

customers care about (Soewardi, 2018). Body back

pain was also reduced by designing a comfortable

seat (I. Kamp., 2012).

Unfortunately, students making an electric car

have less knowledge of how to ergonomically

designed the car cockpit. Thus, this research is

carried out to assess the design of the Enggang

Evo’s cockpit. In the previous research, a driving

posture of the 95th percentile male has been known

along with all the angles in the driving posture

(Ahmad A., 2017). In this research, we only focus

on gaining dimensions for the cockpit’s ergonomic

apparatus based on anthropometrical data of ITK

students, for further usage to design Enggang Evo's

cockpit.

2. METHODS

2.1 Anthropometric Data

Based on the Indonesian anthropometric data, there

are thirty-six (36) dimensions that can be measured

(D1-D36). In this research, based on the previous

study (Ahmad A., et al., 2017), we only measured

the dimension of D9-D10, D10, D14, D16, D17,

D19, D22, D23, D30, and D31. All this dimension

explained in table 1. Tools used to measure all of

these dimensions are measuring tape, dial caliper,

height measure, flexible curve, and L-square angle

ruler. Taking into consideration that Enggang Evo

200

Karim, A., Endrawati, B. and Rahendaputri, C.

Ergonomic Design of Electric Car’s Cockpit.

DOI: 10.5220/0009444802000203

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICONIT 2019), pages 200-203

ISBN: 978-989-758-434-3

Car designed for a male driver, the anthropometric

data were obtained from 54 male students of ITK.

Table 1: Dimension measured

Dimension Name Part of the body measured

D9-D10 Eye height

minus

shoulder

height sitting

The vertical distance from

the acromion to the outer

corner of the eye

D10 Shoulder

height sitting

The vertical distance from a

horizontal sitting surface to

the acromion

D14 Buttock-

popliteal

length

The horizontal distance from

the hollow of the knee to the

rearmost point of the buttock

D16 Lower leg

height

The vertical distance from

the foot-rest surface to the

lower surface of the thigh

immediately behind the knee

bent at a right angle

D17 Shoulder

Breadth

The distance across the

maximum lateral protrusions

of the right and left deltoid

muscles

D19 Hip breadth The breadth of the body

measured across the widest

portion of the hips

D22 Elbow height The vertical distance from

the foot-rest surface to the

lowest bony point of the

elbow bent at a right angle

with the forearm horizontal

D23 Elbow-length The horizontal distance of

the elbow bent at a right

angle with the forearm

horizontal

D30 Sole length Length of the feet’s sole

measured from the lowest

art of the sole to the longest

finger

D31 Sole breadth The breadth of the feet’s sole

measured across the widest

portion of the hips

2.2 Statistic Test for Anthropometric

Data

The anthropometric data obtained was tested

statistically for normality and uniformity test. The

normality test was carried out using SPSS with a

value of∝ 0.05. A normality test was carried out

to ensure that the distribution of all the data was

normal. Furthermore, the data will be tested for its

uniformity. Uniformity test was carried out to ensure

that there are no extreme data that will be the outlier

of our overall data. It is also to ensure that all the

data is not beyond the control limit.

All the calculation step was mentioned in the

previous work, and will not be discussed deeply in

this paper (Wignjosoebroto, 1989). If there are any

outliers, the data will be neglected. In the end, after

any outlier objected out, we will do a statistical test

to ensure that our data was enough and presenting

well the population sample, using data proficiency

test. The data was count as sufficient if n-calculated

< n-sample.

2.3 Data Analysis

Figure 1 shows all the dimensions which should be

measured to produce an ergonomic apparatus for

cockpit design (Ahmad A., 2017).

Figure 1: Driving posture dimension

In this research, we use the angle value of "a" to

"f" from the previous work, as listed in table 2.

Tabel 2. Driving posture data (Ahmad A., 2017).

Variable Dimension Angle

a neck

90°

b shoulder

55°

c elbow

116°

d hip

50°

e knee

120°

f ankle

85°

In this research, the value of "g,h, k, l, m, n, and

o” will be thoroughly analyzed with the help of

SPSS 16.0 and Microsoft excel, based on the

anthropometrical data obtained from the students in

ITK. The data were analyzed to obtain minimum,

maximum, mean, standard deviation, and 95th

percentile. 95

percentile male is one kind of

anthropometry principle that is designed for extreme

individuals, which means all value obtained will still

be suitable for the people beyond the average (Taifa,

2017). 95

percentile was chosen referred to as the

previous work (Ahmad A., 2017). The dimension

Ergonomic Design of Electric Car’s Cockpit

201

calculated using 95th percentile was calculated using

well-known percentile formula as below:

95  



 1.645



(1)

2.4 Mathematic Calculation

The value of “i” and “j," as stated in figure 1, will be

calculated using a well-known law of cosine.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

3.1 Normality Test

From figure 2 below, we can see that all the data

were distributed normally.

Figure 2: Normality test result

3.2 Uniformity Test

From figure 3 below, we can see that all the data

(blue line) were between our control limit (orange

line). There is no outliers, so all the 54 data were

used.

Figure 3: Uniformity test result

3.3 Data Proficiency Test

From figure 4 below, we can see that all the

calculated n (



 for each dimension, were below the

sample n (N). Thus, we can conclude that the data

was sufficient.

Figure 4: Data proficiency test result

3.4 Dimensions

After calculated using the 95

percentile, the

dimension result can be seen in table 3.

Table 3: Dimension Results

Variable

Part of the body

measured

Dimension

a Neck

90°

b shoulder

55°

c elbow

116°

d hip

50°

e knee

120°

f ankle

85°

g D09-D10 17.16 cm

h D10 60.8 cm

i Body to steer 76.64 cm

ICONIT 2019 - International Conference on Industrial Technology

202

Variable

Part of the body

measured

Dimension

j Hip to pedal 64.25 cm

k D14 46 cm

L D16 42.46 cm

m D22 35.97 cm

n D23 39.75 cm

o D30 24.81 cm

4 CONCLUSIONS

In this design of the Enggang evo’s cockpit, we can

conclude that :

1. The shoulder height in sitting position (D10) =

60.80 cm.

2. Eye height minus shoulder height sitting (D9-

D10) = 17.16 cm.

3. Shoulder breadth (D17) = 42.66 cm.

4. Hip breadth (D19) = 32.33 cm .

5. Sole breadth (D31) = 10.07 cm.

6. Body to steer (i) = 76.46 cm

7. Hip to pedal (j) = 64.25 cm.

All this data will be used for further research to

design an ergonomic apparatus.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to thanks Lembaga Penelitian dan

Pengabdian Masyarakat, Institut Teknologi

Kalimantan, to give funding to this research.

REFERENCES

Ahmad, A., Zaheen, S.A., Ahmad, I., Talib, F., 2017.

Cockpit Design of a Formula Student Race Car: An

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Soewardi, H., Nindiyanti, J.A.A.N., 2018. Ergonomic

Design of Electric Car Cockpit. IJMMM 6, 384–387.

Taifa, I.W., Desai, D.A., 2017. Anthropometric

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Wignjosoebroto, Sritomo, 1989. Teknik Tata Cara, dan

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Z. Ahmad et al., 2017. Determination of ergonomics for

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pp. 404-40

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