The Effect of Provision of Young Coconut Water against Menstrual

Pain

Sri Wulan

, Nikmah Jalilah Ritonga

, Novita Br. Ginting Munthe

, Iskandar Markus Sembiring

, and

Rahmad Gurusinga

Faculty of Midwifery, Jl. Sudirman No 38 Lubuk Pakam Kab.Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Keywords: Young Coconut Water, Menstrual Pain.

Abstract: Menstrual pain is an imbalance of the hormone progesterone in the blood resulting in abdominal pain caused

by uterine muscle spasms. Young coconut water, containing glucose, vitamin, hormone, and mineral, and

naturally without preservatives which can reduce muscle tension and help relieve pain due to menstrual

cramps. This research is an experimental research with the total of samples as many as 36 young women.

Collecting data used the Numeric Rating Scale observation sheet, pain was measured before and after in the

intervention group and in the control group. The result showed that there were significant differences in

menstrual pain between the intervention group and the control group with a p-value of 0.007. For health care,

this research can be applied to clients who got experience about menstrual pain in providing obstetric care.

1 INTRODUCTION

Menstrual pain is described as cramping in the lower

abdomen that occurs during menstruation. In the

United States, it has been reported about 15% of girls

got experience severe menstrual pain and a leading

cause of absence from school and disrupt daily

activities (Rosyida. D.A.C, Suwandono.A, Ariyanti.I,

Suhartono, Mashoedi.D.I, and Fatmasari.D, 2017).

The incidence of menstrual pain in young women in

Malaysia is 62.3%, in Indonesia, young women who

experience menstrual pain reaches 64.25%,

consisting of 54.89% of primary menstrual pain and

9.36% secondary menstrual pain. Primary menstrual

pain is experienced by 60-75% of young women, with

3/4 of them experiencing mild to moderate pain and

1/4 experiencing severe pain (Ulya.H.F, Suwandono.

A, Ariyanti.I, Suwondo.A, Kumorowulan.S, and

Pujiastuti.E.S, 2017). The problem of menstrual pain

is generally considered to be only a minor health

problem in the society, but if not treated immediately

it can interfere with daily activities and even interfere

with concentration and life-threatening (Bachloo.T,

Kumar.R, Goyal.A, Parmal Singh, Yadav.S.S,

Bhardwaj.A, and Mitta.A, 2016). The frequency of

menstrual pain in young women in school is still high,

according to the survey results there are still many

students or young women who do not know how to

reduce menstrual pain (Wulandari.S, and

Afriliana.D.A, 2017).

The results of a preliminary study conducted by

researchers in March 2018 at SMA Negeri 2

Perbaungan of 5 female students, the results of these

observations showed that around 3 young women

who experience menstrual pain during menstruation

on the first day and experience disruption in their

activities, they cannot concentrate with both when

attending class lessons and feeling weak and lazy, to

overcome the pain they take pain-reducing drugs,

pharmacological drugs have chemical substances and

side effects on health if consuming drugs in high

frequency can cause interference with the function of

organs. Synthetic drugs have side effects that are

destructive or addictive. Utilizing natural remedies

can avoid the potential bad side effects of using

synthetic drugs (Firdaus. S, and Astuti, 2016).

There are so many ways to eliminate or reduce

pain, both pharmacologically and non-

pharmacologically. Non pharmacological pain

management is safer to use because it does not cause

side effects. One way to reduce menstrual pain in a

non-pharmacological way is by administering young

coconut water. Coconut (Cocos nucifera) is a type of

palm plant that has quite large fruit (Polemer M.

Cuarto1, Ronie F. and Magsino, 2017). Young

coconut water contains 95.5% water, protein, fat,

Wulan, S., Ritonga, N., Munthe, N., Sembiring, I. and Gurusinga, R.

The Effect of Provision of Young Coconut Water against Menstrual Pain.

DOI: 10.5220/0009467901570164

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology (ICHIMAT 2019), pages 157-164

ISBN: 978-989-758-460-2

157

vitamin C and vitamin B complex. Young coconut

water also contains some of minerals namely

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium,

magnesium, chlorine, sulfur and iron (life Bruce,

2017). Young coconut water contains all the natural

electrolytes that the body needs such as sodium,

potassium or potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium

and magnesium. The mineral content of potassium or

high potassium in young coconut water can be used

to treat menstrual pain (Buwana.A.P, Wijasena.B,

and Suroto, 2016).

Beside of that young coconut

water is also one of the most versatile natural products

in the world (life Bruce, 2017). Therefore, researchers

are interested in conducting research on providing

young coconut water for menstrual pain in female

students at SMA Negeri 2 Perbaungan.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

This research has used a quasi-experimental design

(Quasy Experimental) with a non randomized control

group pretest posttest design. The research subjects

were grouped into 2 groups: 1 intervention group was

observed before and after being given young coconut

water when menstrual pain was taken 2 times a day 1

cup (250 ml), morning and evening, for 3 consecutive

days, and 1 control groupobservations were carried

out before and after being given deep breathing

relaxation techniques (Khodijah.S, 2017).

This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 2

Perbaungan, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North

Sumatera. This research was begun from January -

February 2019. The population in this research was

all young women in SMA Negeri 2 Perbaungan, as

many as 135 people. The sampling technique of this

research was purposive sampling with a total sample

of 36 people who were divided into 2 groups of 18

people for the intervention group and 18 people for

the control group with inclusion criteria: girls who

experience primary menstrual pain, aged 16-18 years,

have routine menstrual cycle, have a history of

menstrual pain, and are willing to be respondents,

while exclusion criteria are: young women diagnosed

with certain gynecological diseases or secondary

dysmenorrhea, and young women undergoing

pharmacological treatment with painkillers

(analgesics). This research has been examined by a

team of research ethics commission in North

Sumatera University. The instrument used in this

research was the observation sheet Numeric Rating

Scale (NRS) 0-10 and the interview method. Analysis

of the data used in this research was to determine

before and after the intervention group and the control

group using the Paired T Test and to find out the

differences between the two groups with the

Independent T-Test which was calculated using SPSS

with a significant level of 95% (α = 0,05) (Wulan.S,

Soejoenoes.A, Wahyuni M,S, Hidayat.T.S,

Widyawati.N.M, and Gurusinga.A, 2017).

The following is a Figure of research

implementation flow

Figure 1: Research Implementation Flow.

The following is a Figure of the instrument used

in the study.

Figure 2: Numeric Rating Scale.

Pain Criteria are: 0 indicates no complaint of

menstrual pain or cramps in the lower abdomen, 1 –

3 indicates minor pain: It feels cramps in the lower

abdomen but can still be overcome and can do

activities and can still concentrate on learning, 4 – 6

indicates medium pain: Feeling cramps in the lower

abdomen, pain spreading to the waist, lack of

appetite, disturbed activity, hard to concentrating

learning, 7 - 9 indicates Severe pain : Severe cramps

in the lower abdomen, pain spreading to the waist,

thighs or back, no appetite, nausea, weakness, just

sleeping in bed, can’t move, can’t concentrate on

ICHIMAT 2019 - International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology

158

learning, 10 indicates Uncontrol pain : Severe

cramping in the lower abdomen, pain spreading to the

waist, legs and back, not eating, nausea to vomiting,

headache, no energy, unable to get out of bed,

sometimes until fainting (Ameade.K.P.E and

Mohammed.S.B, 2016).

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Characteristic of Respondents

based on Age, Duration of

Menstruation and Days of

Menstrual Pain in the Intervention

Group

Characteristics of respondents in the intervention

group were obtained that there were 10 people

(55.6%) who were 16 years old, 5 people (27.7%)

were 17 years old and 4 people (22.2%) were 18 years

old, whereas from menstrual period data, 2 people

(11.2%), 3 people (16.6%) had a menstrual period of

6 days and 10 people (55.6%) had a period of 7 days

and from the data of respondents who experienced

menstrual pain days, there were 2people (11.2%) who

experience menstrual pain before menstruation), 15

people (83%) experience menstrual pain on the first

day and 1 person (5.5%) experience menstrual pain

on the second day. 16-18 years old is the age of

middle adolescence during which adolescents

experience changes in her. One of the changes that

occur in adolescent girls is experiencing

menstruation, namely the process of expenditure of

blood from the vagina due to the decay of the inner

uterine wall or endometrium (Fisher.C, Sibbritt,D,

Hickman.L and Adams.J, 2018). Characteristic of

respondents based on the duration of the most

menstruation is 7 days, as many as 10 respondents

(55.6%). Respondents with 5-7 days of gestation are

more likely to experience menstrual pain faster than

those who have menstruation longer than 7 days. It’s

caused during menstruation, the pain is caused by

high levels of prostaglandins, while based on the

occurrence of menstrual pain the majority of

menstruation on the first day as many as 15

respondents (83.3%), where at the first hait

endometrium cells exfoliate releasing prostaglandins.

Prostaglandin stimulate uterine muscles and affect

blood vessels that cause uterine contractions through

myometrial and vasoconstriction contractions.

Prostataglandin levels increase especially on the first

day to the second day.

3.2 Characteristics of Respondents

based on Age, Duration of

Menstruation and Days of

Menstrual Pain in the Control

Group

Characteristic of respondents in the intervention

group were obtained below that there were 11 people

(61.1%) who were 16 years old, 5 people (27.7%)

were 17 years old and 2 people (11.2%) were 18 years

old, whereas from menstrual period data, 1 person

(5.5%), 3 people (16.6%) had a period of 6 days and

13 people (72.4%) had a period of 7 days and from

the data of respondents who experienced menstrual

pain, there were 3people (16.6%) who experience

menstrual pain before menstruation), 14 people

(77.9%) experience menstrual pain on the first day

and 1 person (5.5%) experience menstrual pain on the

second day.

Adolescence is a period of change from children

to adult. Teenagers will experience physical and

emotional changes. In women, puberty is

characterized by menstruation. Menstruation is an

event of blood loss from the uterus or endometrial

wall decays periodically because it is not fertilized.

Menstruation is natural so it can be ensured that all

normal young women will experience menstruation

(Preeti Gupta.G, Jini Gupta.J, Govind Singha.G, and

Meharda.B, 2018).

From Figure 5 it is also known that the majority

of the control group experienced menstruation for 7

days this is also the same as that experienced by the

intervention group of the characteristics in this study,

it is seen that the female students or young women

under study all have a productive age, while based on

the majority of menstrual pain daysoccurred on the

first day as many as 14 respondents (77.9%) this was

also the same as the intervention group, menstrual

pain is abdominal pain that comes from uterine

cramps and occurs during menstruation. Menstrual

pain is one of the most common gynecological

problems experienced by women of various age

levels (Windartik.E, Yuniarti.V.E, and Akbar.A,

2017).

3.3 Menstrual Pain Scores before and

after Administration of Young

Coconut Water in the Intervention

Group

Based on the Figure 3 It was found that from 18

respondents prior to the intervention the majority of

respondents experienced severe pain as many as 10

The Effect of Provision of Young Coconut Water against Menstrual Pain

159

people (55.6%) and a minority experienced mild pain

1 person (5.5%) while after the intervention the

majority of respondents experienced moderate pain as

much as 10 people (55.6%) and minorities experience

severe pain as many as 3 people (16.6%).

The following is a Figure 3 of the distribution of

menstrual pain in the intervention group before and

after being given young coconut water taken 2 times

a day 1 cup (250 ml) morning and evening for 3

consecutive days.

Figure 3: Distribution of menstrual pain in the intervention

group.

The results showed that there were no respondents

who did not experience pain. These results are

obtained by measuring the level of menstrual pain

before and after given young coconut water. Factors

that influence menstrual pain are psychological,

family history, endocrine factors, and hormonal

factors. Yesuf (2018) said during menstruation the

body will produce the hormone estrogen,

progesterone and prostaglandin. The hormone

estrogen stimulates contractility of the uterus, while

the hormone progesterone inhibits it. (Septianingrum.

Y, Hatmanti. M. N, and Andikawati. 2019)

Progesterone has the function of maintaining

endometrium, but due to the absence of fertilization,

the release of the hormone progesterone becomes less

and the endometrial wall will decay, endometrium

which exfoliates to produce prostaglandins. Increased

prostaglandins in the endometrium following the fall

in progesterone levels cause an increase in uterine

contractions and then pain (Teshager Aklilu Yesuf.

A.T, Eshete. A.N, and Sisay.A.E, 2018).

Young coconut water can be administered during

the first day of menstruation taken 2 times a Day 1

glass (250cc), morning and evening, for 3 consecutive

days can reduce painful menstruation because young

coconut water contains electrolytes, minerals, folic

acid and vitamins. The blood that comes out can be

replaced by folic acid. Folic acid assists in the process

of forming red blood cells. Menstrual pain complaints

are due to the presence of uterine hypercontraction

and the hormonal imbalance of progesterone and

prostaglandins. The vitamins and minerals contained

in coconut water stimulate the production of

progesterone and prostaglandins in stable quantities.

Enough hormone levels will stimulate and accelerate

the process of endometrial decay and the pain that

arises will soon diminish. Pain will be reduced after

the blood is quite a lot or smooth.

Water is one of the essential components for the

body because the cell function depends on the liquid

environment. Water composes 60-70% of the whole

body. Drinking therapy of young coconut water aims

to replace the lost fluid and lower menstrual pains.

The use of therapeutic herbs such as young coconut

water is very effective in helping to relieve pain that

arises during menstruation. The use of this

therapeutic herb is expected menstruation blood

expenditure will be smooth and the pain felt will soon

decrease (Nuriyanah.E.K and Hanum.F. 2018)

This is in line with research by Fitri Lestari and

Sarwinanti (2017) on the Effect of Green Coconut

Water Supply on Menstrual Pain Levels in Nursing

Science Study Program Students in Stikes'Aisyiyah

Yogyakar that of 18 respondents showed the value of

Asymp Sign (2-tailed) 0,000 (<0,05). There is an

influence of giving green coconut water to the level

of menstrual pain (Lestari .F, and Sarwinanti, 2017)

3.4 Menstrual Pain Scores before

Breathing Relaxation in the

Control Group

Based on Figure 4 it is known that in the control group

before breathing relaxation in the majority of

respondents experienced severe pain as many as 10

people (55.6%) and in figure 8 known after breathing

relaxation the majority of respondents still

experienced severe pain that is as many as 11 people

(61.1 %) and minority experienced mild pain of 1

person (5.5%). This is because when relaxation of the

breath the respondent did not concentrate so that there

was no decrease in pain and even increased.

ICHIMAT 2019 - International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology

160

The following is a Figure 4 of the distribution of

menstrual pain in the control group before and after

breathing relaxation techniques were given.

Figure 4: Distribution of menstrual pain in the control

group.

Every young woman has different menstrual

experiences and menstrual pain. Most of young

women got menstruation without complaints, but not

a few of those who get menstruation accompanied by

complaints in the form of menstrual pain that causes

discomfort and impact on disruption of activities such

as: teenagers are not concentrated in accepting

lessons, decreased learning achievement and often

absent (Ardela.M, Yuliwar.R, and Dewi.N, 2017).

Based on Figure 5 the average data of menstrual

pain before giving young coconut water is 6.45 and

after the intervention has decreased pain with an

average value of 4.61. Whereas in the control group

there was no decrease in pain before and after

breathing relaxation with an average value of 6,78.

The results of this study are in line with what was

done by Latifah (2016) about the effect of green

young coconut water in decreasing dysmenorrhoea

pain in class XI students at SMK Ma'arif 5 Gombong.

There is a difference between the treatment group and

the control group. Paired t-test results of the treatment

group were obtained (p), where the value of ρ = 0,000

(<0.05) and the results of the control group p = 4.215

(> 0.05) (Latifah, U, 2016).

The following is a Figure 5 of average menstrual

pain in the intervention group before and after young

coconut water is given and average pain in the control

group before and after breathing relaxation

techniques are given.

Figure 5: Mean of menstrual pain before and after in the

intervention group and the control group.

The decrease in the value of pain varies between

one individual with another and the relatively small

change in value can be caused by a variety of factors.

For one thing, because pain is subjective, no two

individuals experience the same pain and no two

events of the same pain produce an identical response

or feeling to the individual. Pain is a source of

frustration, both for patients and health workers.

Other factors that can cause pain values vary and

show relatively small changes, including the meaning

of pain, pain perception, pain tolerance, and reaction

to pain (Wulan.S, Soejoenoes.A, Wahyuni M,S,

Hidayat.T.S, Widyawati.N.M, and Gurusinga.A,

2017).

Provision of young coconut water is one of the

non-pharmacological independent measures. During

menstruation the body will produce the hormones

estrogen, progesterone and prostaglandins. The

hormone estrogen stimulates contractility of the

uterus, while the hormone progesterone inhibits it.

Progesterone has the function of maintaining

endometrium, but due to the absence of fertilization,

the release of the hormone progesterone becomes less

and the endometrial wall will decay, endometrium

which exfoliates to produce prostaglandins. Increased

prostaglandins in the endometrium following the fall

The Effect of Provision of Young Coconut Water against Menstrual Pain

161

in progesterone levels cause an increase in uterine

contractions and then pain. Vitamin and mineral

contained in young coconut water which can

stimulate the production of progesterone in a stable

amount. Adequate levels of progesterone will

expedite the endometrial decay process and the pain

that arises will immediately pass

(Aulia, 2017).

3.5 Differences in Mean Menstrual

Pain before and after in the

Intervention Group and the

Control Group

The difference in respondent's pain value in the

intervention group was 1.83 and the control group

was 0.67 with a p value of 0.007> 0.05. This is in line

with Siti Khodijah's research (2017) on the Effect of

Green Coconut Water Supply on the Reduction of

Dysmenorrhea Pain in Study Program D IV Students

of Educator Midwives at 'Aisyiyah University in

Yogyakarta where the results of statistical tests show

that there is an influence of green coconut water on

the reduction of pain in dysmenorrhea with a p =

0.001.

Research conducted by Amirita (2017) about the

effect of giving young coconut water to the reduction

of teenage menstrual pain in SMA Negeri 1 Lubuk

Pakam. The lowest menstrual pain scale before being

given young coconut water is 3 (mild pain) and the

highest is 7 (severe pain) with a standard deviation of

0.927. The lowest menstrual pain scale after being

given young coconut water is 0 (no pain) and the

highest is 5 (moderate pain) with a standard deviation

of 1.009. Different test results using Wilcoxon test

showed that the p value 0,000 (p <0.05) could be

interpreted as a mean difference in the scale of

teenage menstrual pain before and after being given

young coconut water. Young coconut varieties used

are early types of eburnea coconut. Early maturing

coconuts are small in size and the color of the rind is

green that the coconut has been identified as suitable

for soft or fresh drinks (young coconut) especially the

early maturing coconut of eburnea variety (fast

bearing fruit and many fruit production). Early

maturing coconut fruit generally at the age of 3-4

years after planting with a variety of fruit production.

The respondents who were given the intervention

found a decrease in menstrual pain after being given

young coconut water. This is because during

menstruation the body releases fluids and blood.

Young coconut water contains a number of

electrolyte liquids that can prevent dehydration. Folic

acid contained in it is also useful to replace the blood

that comes out.

Water is an important component for the body

because cell function depends on the liquid

environment. Water makes up 60-70% of the whole

body. Therapy to drink young coconut water aims to

replace lost fluids and reduce menstrual pain. The use

of herbal therapies such as young coconut water is

very effective in helping to relieve pain that arises

during menstruation. The use of herbal therapy is

expected to smooth menstrual blood discharges and

the perceived pain will soon decrease. Folic acid is

one of the components needed in the production of

red blood cells. There is enough of blood production

will accelerate blood circulation. A smooth

circulation of blood will be enough for cells to need

oxygen and nutrients. With this condition, the body

will be more resistant to painful sensations caused

during menstruation (Ismantoa. V and Beharb. N.A.,

2018). Complaints of pain during menstruation can be

caused by uterine hypercontractility caused by

prostaglandins. Vitamins and minerals contained in

young coconut water which can stimulate the

production of progesterone in a stable amount.

Adequate levels of progesterone will expedite the

endometrial decay process and the pain that arises

will immediately pass (Putri, S.A., Yunus, M. and

Fanani, E, 2018).

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the result of statistical tests and the above

discussion of 18 respondents in the intervention group

and 18 respondents in the control group it is known

that there are differences in the average value in the

intervention group 1.83 and in the control group 0.67

with a p value of 0.007 so that it can be concluded that

there is an effect of water delivery young coconut

against menstrual pain.

It is recommended for young women or girls who

experience menstrual pain are expected to be able to

consume young coconut water 2x a day with a dose

of 1 glass (250 ml) for 3 days to cope with menstrual

pain and for health services this research can be

applied to clients who experience menstrual pain.

REFERENCES

Ameade, K, P, E., and Mohammed, S, B., 2016. Menstrual

pain assessment: comparing verbal rating scale (VRS)

with numerical rating scales (NRS) as pain

measurement tools. International Journal of Women’s

Health and Wellness 2016, 2: 017 Volume 2 | Issue 2.

ICHIMAT 2019 - International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology

162

Amirita., 2017. Pengaruh pemberian air kelapa muda

terhadap pengurangan nyeri haid remaja di SMA

Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam. Skripsi Mahasiswa Institut

Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam.

https://elearning.medistra.ac.id/

Ardela, M., Yuliwar, R., and Dewi, N., 2017. The

effectivity of deep breathing and roses aromatherapy

relaxation to pain alteration of adolescents with primary

dy smenorrhea in Lowokwaru Malang. International

Journal Nursing News Volume 2, Nomor 1, 2017.

Aulia., 2017. Kupas tuntas tentang menstruasi. milestone,

Jakarta. Yadika Kopandakan Ii. Jurnal E-Biomedik,

2(1), 2–6.

Bachloo, T., Kumar, R., Goyal, A., Parmal Singh, Yadav,

S., Bhardwaj, A., and Mitta, A,. 2016. A study on

perception and practice of menstruation among school

going adolescent girls in district Ambala Haryana,

India. International Journal of Community Medicine

and Public Health Bachloo T et al. Int JCommunity

Med Public Health. 2016 Apr;3(4):931-937.

Buwana, P., Wijasena, B., and Suroto., 2016. Pengaruh

pemberian air kelapa muda (cocos nucifera) terhadap

kelelahan kerja pada nelayan di Tambak Mulyo

Semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (e-Journal)

Volume 4, Nomor 1, Januari 2016 (ISSN: 2356-3346).

Fisher, C., Sibbritt, D., Hickman, L., and Adams, J., 2018.

A critical review of complementary and alternative

medicine use by women with cyclic perimenstrual pain

and discomfort: a focus upon prevalence, patterns and

applications of use and users’ motivations,information

seeking and self-perceived efﬁcacy. Critical review of

CAM use by women with CPPD Nordic Federation of

Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acta

Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 95 (2016)

861–871.

Firdaus, S., and Astuti., 2016. Pengaruh pemberian

aromaterapi terhadap nyeri haid (dismenore) pada

mahasiswa s1 keperawatan angkatan IX Stikes

Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin. Website Online Jurnal

Citra Keperawatan: http://ejurnal-

citrakeperawatan.com.

Ismantoa, V., and Beharb, A., 2018. Influence the awarding

of a dried dinger against a decrease in pain

dysmenorrhea in young women at SMK Bhakti Mulia

Pare-Kediri. The 2nd Joint International Conferences |

http://proceeding.tenjic.org/jic2 ISBN: 978-602-5842-

03-0

Khodijah, S., 2017. Pengaruh pemberian air kelapa hijau

terhadap penurunan nyeri dismenore pada mahasiswa

prodi d iv bidan pendidik di Universitas ‘Aisyiyah

Yogyakarta. naskah publikasi universitas ‘aisyiyah

yogyakarta. http:///digilib.unisayogya.ac.id.

Latifah, U., 2016. Pengaruh air kelapa hijau dalam

penurunan nyeri dismenorea pada siswi kelas XI di

SMK Ma’arif 5 Gombong. Jurnal Akper Stikes PKU

Muhamadiyah Surakarta. http://journal

akpergshwng.ac.id.

Lestari, F., and Sarwinanti., 2017. The effect of green

coconut water on menstrual pain level on nursing

students of Stikes'aisyiyah Yogyakarta.

life Bruce., 2017. Coconut water for healt and healing.

library of congress cataloging-in-publication data .

Published in the USA. www.piccadilly books.com.

Nuriyanah, E, K., and Hanum, F., 2018. Effectiveness of

light exercise and the use of tamarin turmeric to

decrease dysminorea of muhammadiyah university

students. International Journal Of Nursing and

Midwifery Science (IJNMS), Volume 2, Issue 2, August

2018.

Polemer, M., Cuarto., Ronie, F., and Magsino., 2017.

Development of young coconut (cocosnucifera) wine.

Asia Pacific International Journal of Multidisciplinary

Research, Vol. 5, No. 2, May 2017.

Preeti, G., Jini, J., Govind, G., and Meharda, B., 2018.

Knowledge and practices pertaining to menstruation

among the school going adolescent girls of

UHTC/RHTC area of Government Medical College,

Kota, Rajasthan. International Journal of Community

Medicine and Public Health Gupta P et al. Int J

Community Med Public Health. 2018 Feb;5(2):652-

656.

Putri, S, A., Yunus, M., and Fanani, E., 2018. Hubungan

antara nyeri haid (dismenore) terhadap aktivitas belajar

pada siswi kelas XI SMA Negeri 52 Jakarta. Preventia:

The Indonesian Journal of Public Health, volume 2 (2).

Rosyida, D, A, C., Suwandono, A., Ariyanti, I., Suhartono.,

Mashoedi, D, I., and Fatmasari, D., 2017. Comparison

of effects of abdominal stretching exercise and cold

compress therapy on menstrual pain intensity in teenage

girls. Belitung Nursing International Journal, Volume

3, Issue 3, May-June 2017.

Septianingrum, Y., Hatmanti, M, N., and Andikawati.,

2019. The Effect of murottal qur’an on menstrual pain

in nursing student of universitas nahdlatul ulama

surabaya. Jurnal Nurse and Health. 2019 January-

June; 8 (1): 8-15.

Teshager, A., Yesuf, A, T., Eshete, A, N., and Sisay, A, E.,

2018. Dysmenorrhea among university health science

students, northern ethiopia: impact and associated

factors. International Journal of Reproductive

Medicine Volume 2018, Article ID 9730328.

Ulya, H, F., Suwandono, A., Ariyanti, I., Kumorowulan, S.,

and Pujiastuti, E, S., 2017. Comparison of effects of

massage therapy alone and in combination with green

coconut water therapy on β-endorphin level in teenage

girls with dysmenorrhea. Belitung Nursing

International Journal, Volume 3, Issue 4, July-August

2017.

Windartik, E., Yuniarti, V, E., and Akbar, A., 2017.

Effectiveness of relaxation handheld fingertechnique

and benson relaxation to the changes level of post

operative pain section caesarea in Rsi Sakinah

Mojokerto. International Journal of Scientific Research

and Management (IJSRM) Volume 5 Issue 09 Pages

7107-7111. 2017.

Wulandari, S., and Afriliana, D, A., 2017. The Effect of

consumption dark chocolate against primary dismenore

pain for girls teenager at Kediri 5 high school. Indian

International Journal of Medical Research and

The Effect of Provision of Young Coconut Water against Menstrual Pain

163

Pharmaceutical Sciences. February 2017; 4(2) ISSN:

ISSN: 2349-5340.

Wulan, S., Soejoenoes, A., Wahyuni, M, S., Hidayat, T, S.,

Widyawati, N, M., and Gurusinga, A., 2017. The effect

of effleurage and abdominal lifting massage in the labor

pain. Medicine Science International Medical Journal

doi:10.5455/medscience.2017.

ICHIMAT 2019 - International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology

164