The Influence of Parents Attachments, Exposmedia, and People

Following behind Behaviors in Adolescents

Eka Permatasari Purba

, Evawany Y. Aritonang

, Peny Ariany

DELI HUSADA Health Institute, Deli Tua, Indonesia

Public Health Faculty of Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Parental Attachment, Media Exposure, Peers, Early Sex Behavior.

Abstract: Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and development. This allows adolescents to fall into negative

things. One of the negative things that becomes a problem of adolescents is early sexual behavior. The

purpose of this study was to determine the effect of attachment, media exposure and peers on the early

sexual behavior of adolescents in TebingTinggi 4 Middle School in 2019. This type of research was analytic

observational research using a cross-sectional approach. Population in this study There are 117 students in

SMP Negeri 4 TebingTinggi. Data analysis in this study uses univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis.

The findings of this study obtained attachment of parents, media exposure, and peers have a significant

relationship with early sexual behavior in teenagers at TebingTinggi 4 Middle School. Attachment of

parents obtained p <0.05 means that there is a relationship between Attachment of parents with adolescent

early sexual behavior, media exposure is obtained p <0.05 meaning there is a relationship between media

exposure to adolescent early sexual behavior, peers obtained p <0 05 means that there is a relationship

between peers and early adolescent sexual behavior. with early adolescent sexual behavior. Multivariate

results showed that the most dominant media exposure was related to adolescent sexual behavior with a

value of p <0.05 with Exp (B) 10.831 meaning that exposure to media 10.831 was more likely to engage in

premature sexual behavior compared to not being exposed to media exposure. It is hoped that schools will

establish an Adolescent Reproductive Health Program to increase adolescent knowledge about risky sexual

behavior.

1 INTRODUCTION

Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical

and psychologicaldevelopment that generally occurs

during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age

of majority. Adolescence is usually associated with the

teenage years,but its physical, psychological or

cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.

For example, puberty now typically begins during

preadolescence, particularly in females.Physical

growth (particularly in males) and cognitive

development can extend into the early twenties. Thus,

age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and

scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise

definition of adolescence (Dorn L, et al . 2011).

A thorough understanding of adolescence in

society depends on information from various

perspectives, including psychology, biology, history,

sociology, education, and anthropology. Within all of

these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a

transitional period between childhood and adulthood,

whose cultural purpose is the preparation of children

for adult roles. It is a period of multiple transitions

involving education, training, employment, and

unemployment, as well as transitions from one living

circumstance to another (Cooney, Elizabeth. 2010).

The end of adolescence and the beginning of

adulthood varies by country. Furthermore, even within

a single nation state or culture, there can be different

ages at which an individual is considered mature

enough for society to entrust them with certain

privileges and responsibilities. Such privileges and

responsibilities include driving a vehicle, having legal

sexual relations, serving in the armed forces or on a

jury, purchasing and drinking alcohol, purchase of

tobacco products, voting, entering into contracts,

finishing certain levels of education, marriage, and

accountability for upholding the law. Adolescence is

usually accompanied by an increased independence

allowed by the parents or legal guardians, including

less supervision as compared to preadolescence.

Purba, E., Y. Aritonang, E. and Ariany, P.

The Inﬂuence of Parents Attachments, Exposmedia, and People Following behind Behaviors in Adolescents.

DOI: 10.5220/0009490603010308

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology (ICHIMAT 2019), pages 301-308

ISBN: 978-989-758-460-2

301

In studying adolescent development

adolescence can be defined biologically, as the

physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and

the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as

changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-

dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation

for adult roles. Major pubertal and biological changes

include changes to the sex organs, height, weight, and

muscle mass, as well as major changes in brain

structure and organization. Cognitive advances

encompass both increment in knowledge and in the

ability to think abstractly and to reason more

effectively. The study of adolescent development often

involves interdisciplinary collaborations. For example,

researchers in neuroscience or bio-behavioral health

might focus on pubertal changes in brain structure and

its effects on cognition or social relations. Sociologists

interested in adolescence might focus on the

acquisition of social roles (e.g., worker or romantic

partner) and how this varies across cultures or social

conditions.Developmental psychologists might focus

on changes in relations with parents and peers as a

function of school structure and pubertal status. Some

scientists have questioned the universality of

adolescence as a developmental phase, arguing that

traits often considered typical of adolescents are not in

fact inherent to the teenage years (Dorn L, et al .

2011).

Quantity of the world population in the

adolescent age group is estimated at 1.2 billion or 18%

of the total world population according to the World

Health Organization (WHO, 2014).

Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and

development both physically, psychologically, and

intellectually. Typical adolescents have great curiosity,

like adventure and challenges and tend to dare to bear

the risk or actions without being preceded by careful

consideration. If decisions taken in the face of conflict

are inappropriate, they will fall into risky behavior and

may have to bear the short-term and long-term

consequences of various physical and psychosocial

health problems. (Ministry of Health, 2016).

According to the National Commission for

Child Protection survey in 33 provinces in 2008, 97%

of middle and high school adolescents had watched

pornographic films, 93.7% of middle and high school

adolescents had kissed, genitalia stimulation (touching

the genitals) and oral sex (through mouth), 62.7 % of

junior high and high school adolescents are not virgins

and 21.2% of adolescents claim to have had an

abortion (BKKBN, 2010).

Sex is something that is biological and

therefore sex is considered as something stable

(Wahid, 2011). Premarital sex is sexual relations

carried out by adolescents without any marriage ties.

While premarital sexual behavior is sexual behavior

carried out without going through an official

marriage process according to law or religion and

their respective beliefs (Sarwono, 2012).

The impact of premarital sex on physical and

psychological health include: loss of virginity and

virginity, unwanted pregnancy (KTD), abortion with

all its risks, transmission of venereal diseases

(gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV / AIDS), reproductive

tract infections, feelings of guilt shame and guilt

worthless (Sofiyan, 2012).

This is in line with the case cited by Susanto,

et al (2002), quoting from the Bernas Daily January

18, 2001 that a senior researcher at the UGM

Population Research Center stated that in 2000 there

were 700 teenagers and female students who became

pregnant out of wedlock coming to Yogyakarta

Family Planning Association (PKBI) to consult

about their pregnancy problems.

How someone is raised in a family

environment turns out to be very influential in one's

next life as an adult. The attachment that parents

instill from childhood becomes one's capital in

dealing with life and interacting with the

environment.

In line with research conducted by Rika, et al

(2017) in adolescents at SMP Negeri 21 PekanBaru,

aged 12-15 years, which were determined through

cluster random sampling techniques. Based on

multiple linear regression correlation analysis shows

that there is a relationship between attachment

(attachment) in the mother and father with social

competence in adolescents (F = 5.444; R = 0.229 'p

= 0.005). Attachment to mother and father has a

contribution of 5.3% to social competence.

Open access to information allows anyone to

access various kinds of information including

presenting sexual scenes explicitly. Existing media,

both electronic and print media, often provide

presentations that are too early or not suitable for

consumption for teenagers. this is a trend now is the

existence of Facebook that is widely known in our

society. The social network in addition to bringing

positive benefits also brings negative impacts for

teens (Yulianto, 2017).

Data from the Indonesian Ministry of

Communication and Information in 2011 showed that

64% of Facebook social media users in Indonesia

were teenagers. The high use of social media among

adolescents shows that adolescents are so

enthusiastic in communication.

Issues that are still being debated to date

include the primary motivation of adolescents to

ICHIMAT 2019 - International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology

302

engage in premarital sex at an earlier age in addition

to being related to parenting and sexual sources

ofinformation, factors from peers (peers) also

influence premarital sexual behavior in adolescents.

Linda's research (2009) shows that 46.8% of

respondents' sexual behavior at risk of KTD, PMS,

Hib, HIB, and AIDS, including 93.1% had kissed;

78.4% necking; 31.9% petting; 32.2% oral sex;

19.3% had anal sex and 45.4% had intercourse.

Based on the Product Moment test results with a

confidence level of 95% (a = 0.05) obtained p-value

= 0.0001, indicating that there is a relationship

between adolescent sexual behavior. While the value

of r = 0.448 which means that the relationship is

moderate/sufficient. This means that the riskier

sexual behavior of peers, the sexual behavior of

adolescents will be increasingly risky.

Based on preliminary survey results through

interviews conducted on December 19, 2018 at SMP

N 4 Tebing Tinggi North Sumatra Province with 20

students getting more than half of them not knowing

what early sex is, some of them are ashamed to tell

about the reproductive development that occurred to

parents and some other students are afraid to tell

parents that they already have a boyfriend and have

watched porn. Data obtained from the Guidance and

Counseling (BK) teacher stated that some students

received Parents' Summons (SPO) because they were

caught watching porn during the study hours and

some received SPO because they went to gather with

friends during school hours.

2 MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

2.1 The Problem

The high rate of early sexual behavior in

adolescents is inseparable from the influence of

parent attachment, media exposure, and peers in

adolescents, from the problems above the

formulation in this study is "whether there is an

influence of parental attachment, media exposure and

peers on adolescent early sexual behavior in

SMPNegeri 4 TebingTinggi in 2019 ".

2.2 Research Purposes

The purpose of this study was to determine

the effect of parents' attachments, media exposures

and peers on adolescent early sexual behavior in the

Middle School 4 Middle School in TebingTinggi

City in 2019 ".

2.3 Research Methods

This research will be conducted at SMP

Negeri 4 TebingTinggi in 2019. It will take place

from March to May 2019. The type of research to be

carried out in this research is analytic observational

research using the cross-sectional approach. The

number of samples used as many as 117 people

using a simple random sampling method and meet

the inclusion criteria. Inclusive criteria are general

requirements that must be met by the subject to be

included in the study.

The instrument used in conducting the study

was a questionnaire sheet containing respondent data

and questionnaire statements that were filled directly

by students of SMP Negeri 4 TebingTinggi. The

types of questions asked were closed questions,

where the researchers distributed the questionnaire

directly to respondents and then after it was filled in

then submitted to the researcher right away. Then

the content validity was conducted. The research

results were analyzed bivariate, that is, data analysis

was used to see the relationship between the

Independent variable and the Dependent variable by

using the "chi-square" statistical test..

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The following will be elaborated on the

results of research conducted at SMP Negeri 4

TebingTinggi.

3.1 Characteristics of Respondents

In this study, the number of samples studied

was 117 people. Next, frequency and percentage

distributions were presented based on variables of

the respondent's characteristics, namely gender, age

and place of residence.

Table1: Frequency Distribution of Characteristics of

Respondents by Gender Adolescents of SMP Negeri 4

TebingTinggi in 2019

Gender Frequency Percentage (%)

Male 50 42.74

Girl 67 57.26

Total 117 100

Based on the frequency and percentage

distribution in Table 1.it is known that of the 117

The Inﬂuence of Parents Attachments, Exposmedia, and People Following behind Behaviors in Adolescents

303

respondents studied, 58 (64.44%) respondents were

male, while 32 (35.56%) respondents were female.

Table2: Frequency Distribution of Characteristics of

Respondents by Age of Teenagers in TebingTinggi 4

Middle School in 2019

Age Frequency Percetage (%)

12 years old 20 17.09

13 years old 25 21.37

14 years 32 27.35

15 years 40 34.19

Total 117 100

Based on the frequency distribution and

percentage in Table 2. it is known from 117

respondents studied, 20 (17.09%) respondents with

12 years of age, 25 (21.37%) respondents with 13

years of age, 32 (27.35%) respondents with 40 years

of age and 20 (34.19%) of respondents aged 15

years.

Table3:Frequency Distribution of Respondent

Characteristics Based on Youth Residence in SMP Negeri

4 Tebing Tinggi in 2019

Residence Frequency Percetage (%)

Boarding house 25 21.37

Parents 80 68.38

Family home,

mess

12 10.26

Total 117 100

Based on the frequency distribution and

percentage in Table 3.it is known from 117

respondents studied, as many as 25 (21.37%)

respondents live in boarding houses, 80 (68.38%)

respondents live in their parents and 12 (10.26%)

respondents reside in family homes and mess.

3.2 Univariate Analysis

Table4:Frequency and Percentage Distribution based on

Attachment in Teenagers of Tebing Tinggi 4 Middle

School in 2019

Attachment Frequency

Percetage

(%)

Not good 70 59.8

Well 47 40.2

Total 117 100

Based on the frequency and percentage

distribution in Table 4.it is known from the 117

respondents studied, as many as 70 (59.8%)

respondents with poor attachment, while as many as

47 (40.2%) respondents with good attachment.

Table 5:Frequency and Percentage Distribution based on

Media Exposure to Teenagers in TebingTinggi 4 Middle

School in 2019

Media Exposure

Frequency

Percetage

(%)

Exposed

70 59.8

Not exposed

47 40.2

Total

117 100

Based on the frequency and percentage

distribution in Table 5.it is known from the 117

respondents studied, as many as 70 (59.8%)

respondents were exposed to media exposure, while

47 (40.2%) respondents were not exposed to media

exposure.

Table6: Frequency and Percentage Distribution based on

Peers in Junior High School 4 Tebing Tinggi in 2019

Friends of the same age

Frequency

Percetage

(%)

Not good

65 55.6

Well

52 44.4

Total

117 100

Based on the frequency and percentage

distribution in Table 6.it is known from the 117

respondents studied, as many as 65 (55.6%)

respondents had bad peers, while 52 (44.4%)

respondents had good peers.

Table 7: Frequency and Percentage Distribution based on

Early Sexual Behavior in Youth in TebingTinggi 4 Middle

School in 2019

Early Sex Behavior

Frequency

Percetage

(%)

Ever

66 56.4

Never

51 43.6

Total

117 100

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304

Based on the frequency and percentage

distribution in Table 7.it is known from the 117

respondents studied, as many as 66 (56.4%)

respondents had had early sex, while 51 (43.6%)

respondents had never had early sex.

3.3 Bivariate Analysis

In the bivariate analysis section, testing will

be carried out whether attachments, media

exposures, and peers have a significant influence on

early sexual behavior in adolescents. Testing is done

using the chi-square test.

Table 8 :Relationship between Attachment and Early

Sexual Behavior of Teenagers in TebingTinggi 4 Middle

School in 2019

Attach

ment

Early Sex Behavior Total p-

value

Not

good

Well

Not

good

(74.3

(25.7%)

(100%

)

0,00

0<0,

2.89

Well

(29.8

(70.2%)

(100%

)

Based on the results of the chi-square test in

Table 8. It is known that the value of p = 0.005

<0.05, it is concluded that there is a significant

relationship between attachment and early sexual

behavior. The prevalence value is known to be 2.89,

which means that when a respondent with an

attachment is not good, then the respondent has a

2.89 chance of having an early sexual behavior.

Table9: Relationships between Peers and Early Sex

Behavior in Teenagers in Tebing Tinggi 4 Middle School

in 2019

Frien

ds of

the

same

age

Early Sex Behavior Total p-

value

Not good Well

Well

(78,5%)

(21,5%)

(100%)

0,0

00<0

,05

3.64

Not

good

(28,8%)

(71,2%)

(100%)

Based on the results of the chi-square test in

Table 9, it is known that the value of p = 0,000

<0.05, it is concluded that there is a significant

relationship between the duration of the use of

internet media on sexual deviant behavior. The value

of prevalence is known to be 3.64, which means that

respondents with peers are not good, so the

respondent has an opportunity of 3.64 times for early

sex to occur.

Table 10: Relationship between Media Exposure and

Early Sex Behavior in Youth in TebingTinggi 4 Middle

School in 2019

Media

Exposur

Early Sex Behavior Total p-

value

Not

Good

Well

Exposed

(81,4%)

(18,6%)

(100%)

0,000

<0,05

4,38

Not

exposed

(19,1%)

(80,9%)

(100%)

Based on the results of the chi-square test in

Table 10, it is known that the value of p = 0,000

<0.05, it is concluded that there is a significant

relationship between media exposure to early sexual

behavior. The prevalence value is known to be 4.38,

which means that when the respondent is exposed to

media exposure, then the respondent has a 4.38

chance of premature sexual behavior.

3.4 Multivariate Analysis

After the bivariate analysis was carried out in the

previous stage, the results obtained from the chi-

square test showed that the variables of attachment,

peers and media exposure had a significant

relationship to early sexual behavior. In this section,

multivariate analysis testing will be carried out. In

multivariate analysis testing, the statistical method

used is a logistic regression technique. Logistic

regressiontechniques are used to test which factors

have the greatest influence on early sex behavior.

Table 11: Analysis of the Effects of Attachment, Peers and

Media Exposure on Adolescents in TebingTinggi 4

Middle School in 2019

Variable

B Sig. Exp(B)

Step 1

Attachmen

.242 .680 1.273

Friends of

the same

age

1.499 .004 4.478

The Inﬂuence of Parents Attachments, Exposmedia, and People Following behind Behaviors in Adolescents

305

Media

Exposure

2.382 .000 10.831

Constant -6.185 .000 .002

Step 2 1.569 .002 4.800

Friends of

the same

age

2.487 .000 12.025

Media

Exposure

-6.085 .000 .002

From the table above, it can be explained that the

three variables together have a significant

relationship with the sexual deviant behavior of

adolescents in SMP Negeri 4 TebingTinggi with

each p-value <0.005 and among these three

variables, the media exposure variable is the most

variable strong influence on adolescent early sexual

behavior with Exp (B) 12,025. While the second

most powerful factor in terms of its influence on

early sexual behavior is a peer factor with a value of

Exp (B) 4,800 and a factor that does not affect

adolescent early sexual behavior is the attachment

factor.

4 DISCUSSION

Based on the results of chi-square testing, it is

known that the value of p = 0,000 <0.05, then it is

concluded that there is a significant relationship

between attachment and early sexual behavior. The

prevalence value is known to be 2.89, which means

that when the respondent with attachment is not

good, then the respondent has 2.89 times the

opportunity to have bad sexual behavior. From the

multivariate analysis, it was found that the

attachment had no effect on adolescent sexual

behavior with a p-value <0.05 with exp (B) 1,273.

A person's behavior is much influenced by

attachment to parents. Therefore the role of parents

must be able to create conditions that are conducive

so that children can develop with good character that

will influence the behavior of children. If a child

does not have a good attachment to his parents, it is

difficult to expect the child to develop a positive

personality.

This is in line with research conducted by

Theodora (2010) entitled "Psychological Impacts of

Divorce Parents in Early Adolescents". Explain that

divorce has both positive and negative impacts.

These positive effects, such as early adolescents who

were victims of divorce, became far more

independent than before, an increase in achievement

that occurred in the divorce paper, and also a

growing interest in the adolescent victims of

divorce. Psychologically, there are also many

negative impacts felt by teenage victims of divorce

such as feeling of loss of parents and childhood,

shame, withdrawal from family and friends, lack of

application of discipline from parents, sadness, loss

of communication between children and also

parents.

Based on the results of the chi-square test, it

is known that the value of p = 0,000 <0.05, then it is

concluded that there is a significant relationship

between peers and early sexual behavior. The

prevalence value is known to be 3.64, which means

that when the respondent is exposed to peers, then

the respondent has a 3.64 times chance to have

premature sexual behavior. From multivariate

analysis, it was found that peers affected adolescent

early sexual behavior with a value of p <0.05 with

exp (B) 4,800.

Similarly, research conducted by Noverani

(2015) states that peer group acceptance with self-

concept has a very significant positive relationship

between peer group acceptance and self-concept in

adolescents in SMP Negeri 17 Surakarta. Level of

peer acceptance in adolescents in junior high school

Negeri 17 Surakarta is relatively high, and the level

of self-concept in adolescents in SMP 17 is also

relatively high. There is also the influence of peer

group acceptance variables on self-concept by

40.4%, so there are still 59.6% variables or other

factors that influence self-concept outside of peer

group acceptance factors.

Based on the results of the chi-square test it is

known that the value of p = 0,000 <0.05, it is

concluded that there is a significant relationship

between media exposure and early sexual behavior.

The prevalence value is 4.38, which means that

when the respondent gets bad media exposure, then

the respondent has 4.38 times the chance to have bad

sexual behavior. to adolescents at TebingTinggi 4

Middle School it was found that the media exposure

had the strongest influence on adolescent early

sexual behavior with a p-value <0.05 with exp (B)

12.025.

This is in line with the results of interviews with

the Head of Elementary Junior High School

Department of Surakarta Youth and Sports

Education there are 9 public and private SMPs

(9.46%) in Surakarta which are junior high schools

that are prone to cases of deviant sexual behavior in-

school adolescents. The results of a preliminary

survey conducted at three junior high schools in

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306

Surakarta with 83 students, 66 students (79.52%)

knew of social media, 56 students (67.4%) had or

had dates, 21 students (25.31% ) first acquainted

with his girlfriend using social media, there were 41

students (49.39%) who used communication tools to

contact their girlfriends with social media and the

things that were done while dating there were 48

students (57.83%) had held hands, 7 students

(8.43%) had hugged and 6 students (15.78%) had

kissed.

5 CONCLUSION

There is a significant influence between attachment,

peers and media exposure to early sexual behavior in

adolescents at SMP Negeri 4 TebingTinggi with a p-

value <0.05.

The variable that most influences adolescent

early sexual behavior is the media exposure variable

with a p-value <0.05 Exp (B) 12.025.

6 SUGGESTION

Based on the discussion above, the author can

submit several suggestions, namely:

1. TebingTinggi health center to carry out health

care services for adolescents at the health center,

and also visits schools in providing health to

adolescents such as education on sexual behavior

prevention.

2. To compile the Adolescent Reproductive Health

Program (KRR), this service will also provide

information about adolescent health and a

meeting between the school and parents to

discuss the progress of children's learning at

school.

3. Parents here are defined as antecedents who are

responsible for forming character, giving advice,

direction, knowledge about reproductive health

in children from an early age, good religious

understanding, and supervising children in using

existing facilities, especially the internet media

before the formation of early sexual behavior in

adolescents.

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