Relationship between Labor Factor and Work with Complaints

Relations between Labor and Employment Factors with Complaints

Musculoskeletal Disorders in Workers at the Cable Product Plan in

PT. JJ-Lapp Cable SMI (Factory) Tangerang 2019

Hazrina Fadiah Insani

and Nayla Kamilia Fithri

Student Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Universitas Esa Unggul, Jl. Arjuna Utara No.9,

RT.1/RW.2, Duri Kepa, Daerah Khusus Ibukota, 11510, Jakarta, Indonesia

Lecture Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Universitas Esa Unggul, Jl. Arjuna Utara No.9,

RT.1/RW.2, Duri Kepa, Daerah Khusus Ibukota, 11510, Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: MSDs Complaint, Ergonomic, Occupational Disease, Factor Labor, Factor Employment.

Abstract: One of the occupational health and safety issues that are often experienced by workers is ergonomic.

Musculoskeletal Disorder is one of them and very important because it is the biggest cause of working days

lost due to injury. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Factor Labor and

Employment with Musculoskeletal Disorders in workers at the Cable Product Plan in PT. JJ-Lapp Cable

SMI (Factory) Tangerang in 2019. The study used a cross-sectional study design to assess the problem or

situation. A total sampling technique with 60 workers. The results of this study stated 41.7% of 25

respondents at risk of MSDs complaint. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship of age

(p = 0.001), Working period (p = 0.033), Body mass index (p = 0.044), duration (p = 0.003), with symptoms

of MSDs. To reduce the risk of MSDs complaint, it is advisable to add insight knowledge of ergonomics,

doing stretching, and gymnastics at a certain time to relax the back muscles monitors the health of the

workers on a regular basis of the activities of medical check-ups as well as to evaluate the program of the

company concerned with health.

1 PRELIMINARY

Occupational safety and health issues are one of the

world's problems. It has been widely known that the

work wherever there is always a risk of occupational

diseases (Kurniawidjaja, 2010). According to the

ILO (2013) estimated 2.34 million people die

annually due to occupational diseases and work-

related accidents, most of the estimated 2.2 million

died of various diseases of employment.

Occupational diseases (PAK), according to

Presidential Decree No. 22 of 1993, is a disease

caused by work or the working environment.

Occupational diseases occur as risk factor exposure,

chemical, biological, or psychological ergonomics in

the workplace.

One of the occupational diseases is a musculo-

skeletal disorder, the musculoskeletal complaint is a

complaint on the part of the skeletal muscles felt

someone start complaints very mild to severe. If in

this case the muscle receives a static load repeatedly

and for a long time, it can cause damage to muscles,

nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage and disc

invertebrates (Tarwaka, 2004). Musculoskeletal

complaints often also called MSDs (Musculoskeletal

Disorder), RSI (Repetitive Strain Injuries), CTD

(Cumulative Trauma Disorders) Work-related

Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs), RMI

(Repetitive MotionInjury) (Tarwaka, et al., 2004).

According to European agency for safety and

health at work (2005) who conducted a survey in 12

countries in 2005 in Europe obtained the data

contained 35.4% of workers suffering from

musculoskeletal complaints, according to European

Foundation for the Improvement of Living and

Working (2007) who conducted a survey on 235

million workers in 31 countries of Europe and

America in 2007, data on complaints

Musculoskeletal disorder as much as 30%.

In Indonesia based on the results of a study

Department of Health the profile of health problems

in Indonesia in 2005, showed that about 40.5% of

Insani, H. and Fithri, N.

Relationship between Labor Factor and Work with Complaints Relations between Labor and Employment Factors with Complaints Musculoskeletal Disorders in Workers at the Cable Product

Plan in PT. JJ-Lapp Cable SMI (Factory) Tangerang 2019.

DOI: 10.5220/0009562900450050

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Health (ICOH 2019), pages 45-50

ISBN: 978-989-758-454-1

illnesses suffered by workers in connection with his

work. Health problems experienced workers,

according to a study of 9482 workers in 12 counties

or cities in Indonesia, mostly in the form of diseases

of musculoskeletal disorders (16%). Musculoskeletal

disorders could be influenced by several factors such

as age, years, body mass index, smoking habits,

workload, duration of action, and work posture. This

is according to research conducted by Anggraini

(2017); Zulfiqor (2010); Rahayu (2012); Handayani

(2011); Marcilin (2018).

According to Pheasant (1991) The impact caused

by Musculoskeletal Disorder on the economic

aspects of the company that is the aspect that is the

reduced production output, material damage, a

product which eventually led to not meeting

deadlines/targets production, unsatisfactory service,

etc., fee arising from worker absenteeism to be led to

a fall in profits, the cost of training new employees

who replace workers who are sick, the cost to hire a

consultant or agency, cost worker turnover

(turnover) for the recruitment dan training, insurance

costs, other costs (opportunity cost). Meanwhile,

according to Bird and Germain (2005),

Musculoskeletal Disorder can be an important issue

for working time lost due to illness is generally

caused by skeletal muscle diseases, Lowers labor

productivity, handling high costs, is multicausal

making it difficult to determine the proportion that is

solely due to the employment relationship, Decline

vigilance, and increasing the risk of accidents. PT.

JJ-Lapp Cable SMI (Factory) Tangerang is a joint

venture between Jebsen and Jessen (SEA), which

provides cable technology in various industries

engaged in manufacturing and production activities.

Broadly speaking, there are several processes are

carried out in producing the wiring in PT. JJ-Lapp

Cable SMI (Factory) like activity of drawing is a

process to reduce the size of raw material, bunching

activity is the conductor twisting, stranding event is

the process of combining multiple conductors,

insulation activity is the process of giving an

insulating material on the conductor, and others.

Units/sections in PT. JJ-Lapp Cable SMI

(Factory) is divided into several parts, namely the

production of CPP (Cable Product Plant), part of the

production of CWP (Cable Wire Plan), Logistics,

Quality & EHS, Engineering and Maintenance,

Technical ManagementAnd Product Design Costing

(PDC).

Based on clinical data in PT. JJ-Lapp Cable SMI

(Factory) 44.35% recorded in the year 2018 with

complaints of musculoskeletal disorders in workers.

In the CPP (Cable Product Plan) amounted to 19.35%

MSDS complaint, the impact caused by

musculoskeletal complaints is about 32 times the

worker confirms their attendance for one year due to

feeling the pain and other muscular complaints. With

that based on the data and problem, researchers want

to discuss the relationship between Factor Labor and

Employment with complaints Musculoskeletal

Disorders in workers at the Cable Product Plan in PT.

JJ-Lapp Cable SMI (Factory) Tangerang 2019.

2 RESEARCH METHOD

This research uses a quantitative approach to aim to

get an idea by studying the correlation or

relationship between the independent variables of

this dependent. this research using a cross-sectional

design for this study data collection is done at the

same time. The population in this study were

workers at the Cable Product Plan with a sample size

of 60 respondents. Sample calculations performed

using two different formulas proportions. The

sampling technique in this study using Non-

Probability Sampling with the Total Random

Sampling technique.

The collection of data that will be used resources

in the form of primary data through interviews using

a questionnaire for age, years, body mass index, and

duration of action. Furthermore, the data were

analyzed using univariate performed each variable,

while bivariate analysis was done with a chi-square

test using SPSS with a significance level of p = 0.05

(CI = 95).

3 RESULTS

The result showed that the variables of workers MSDs

complaint The highest proportion of respondents who

are not at risk (≤ 20) as many as 35 people (58.3%),

the lowest proportion of respondents who are at risk

(> 20) as many as 25 people (58.3%).

Results of research on variable age highest

proportion of respondents who are not at risk (<35

years) by 31 (51.7%) and the lowest proportion of

respondents who are at- risk age (≥ 35 years) as

many as 29 people (48.3%).

Results of research on variable working time

gained the highest proportion of respondents who

have a long working life (<3 years) as many as 40

people (66.7%) and the lowest proportion of

respondents who have a past that is new work (≤ 3

years) as many as 20 people (33.3%).

ICOH 2019 - 1st International Conference on Health

Table 1: An overview of each variable on the Cable Product Plan in PT. JJ-Lapp Cable SMI factory Tangerang 2019.

Variables Frequency Percentage (%)

Complaints MSDs (4 categories)

Very High (63-84) 0 0.0

High (42-62) 1 1.7

Medium (21-41) 24 40.0

Low (0-20) 35 58.3

Complaints MSDs (2 categories)

Risk of> 20 25 41.7

ot Risk ≤ 20 35 58.3

Age

Risk of ≥ 35 29 48.3

ot at Risk <35 31 51.7

Years of service

Older> 3 years 40 66.7

ew ≤ 3 years 20 33.3

Body mass index (4 categories)

Obesity (> 30) 4 6.7

Obese (25-30) 20 33.3

ormal (18.5 to 25) 32 53.3

Petite (<18.5) 4 6.7

Body mass index (2 categories)

ot Normal (<18.5 and> 25) 28 46.7

ormal (18.5 to 25) 32 53.3

Working Length

Risky 31 51.7

ot at Risk 29 48.3

Results of research on the working duration

variable obtained the highest proportion of

respondents who are at-risk category of work

duration (> 8 hours) 31 (51.7%), while the

proportion was lowest for the duration of the

respondents who are not at risk category (≤ 8 hours)

as much as 29 people (48.3%).

4 DISCUSSION

4.1 Age

Based on the survey results revealed there is a

relationship between the age of workers with MSDs

complaint. This study is in line with research

Anggraini (2017) which explains that there is a

relationship between age and Disorders Musculo-

skeletal Disorders (MSDs). Then supported

researchHendra & Rahardjo (2009) workers aged 35

years or older has 2,556 times greater risk for

experiencing MSDs than workers with less than 35

years of age. In line with the research of Septiani

(2017) that there is a significant relationship

between age with symptoms of MSDs. Oborne

(1995) explained that the skeletal muscle complaints

usually experienced person at working age is 24-65

years old and the first complaint commonly

experienced at the age of 35 years and the rate of

complaints will increase with age.

Based on the research of Guo et al. in Bridger,

1995 said that at the age of 35, a person's first

episode will experience back pain, it may be because

at the age of 35 years a process of degeneration and

tissue damage that cause reduced muscle and joint

stability.

Relationship between Labor Factor and Work with Complaints Relations between Labor and Employment Factors with Complaints

Musculoskeletal Disorders in Workers at the Cable Product Plan in PT. JJ-Lapp Cable SMI (Factory) Tangerang 2019

Table 2: Proportion of workers with MSDs complaint Independent variables Cable Product Plan section PT. JJ-Lapp Cable

SMI factory Tangerang 2019.

Variables

Complaints MSDs

Total

P-Value

OR (95% CI)

Risky Not at Risky

N % N % N %

Age

Risk ≥35 years 19 65.5 10 34.5 29 100.0 0.001 3.385

(1,574 – 7,278)

No risk <35 years 6 19.4 25 80.6 31 100.0

Years of service

Older <3 years 21 52.5 19 47.5 40 100.0 0.033 2.625

(1,041-6,618)

New ≤3 years 4 20.0 16 80.0 20 100.0

Body mass index

Abnormal 16 57.2 12 42.9 28 100.0 0.044 2.032

(1,071-3,853)

Normal 9 28.1 23 71.9 32 100.0

Working Length

Risk of >8 hours 19 61.3 12 38.7 31 100.0 0.003 2.962

(1,378-6,370)

Less risky ≤8 hours 6 20.7 23 79.3 29 100.0

Increasing the age of the person, the higher the

risk of a decrease in the elasticity of the bone or

musculoskeletal abnormalities disorder. From the

observation Workers at PT. JJ-Lapp cable SMI

factory found more workers at a young age is not

affected by MSDs, this is caused because of workers

at young age is a fresh graduate and he was very

productive, while workers with old age/risk will

experience a decline in physiological function, the

inner function, and physical (Hurlock, 1994 and

Helliyanti, 2009).

4.2 Years of Service

Based on the survey results revealed a significant

correlation between work period workers with

MSDs complaint. This is in line with research

Zulfiqor (2010), Handayani (2011), Amalia (2010)

and Rahman (2017) stating that there is a

significant correlation between working period with

symptoms of MSDs. Research conducted by

Rihiimaki et al (1989) in Tarwaka (2004) explains

that the work period has a strong relationship with

muscle complaints. Cohen et al (1997) revealed that

the disruption of illness or injury on the system

MSDS rarely occurs directly but rather an

accumulation of collisions of small and large

continuously and in a relatively long time, the longer

service life of someone, can lead to saturation of the

muscles and bones endurance physically and

psychically. Thus, the accumulation of injuries from

such long tenure has an important role to cause

MSDs.Based on the observation that workers in the

cable product plan have an average service life long

and MSDs occur with long periods, during the work-

injury has occurred accumulation of minor injuries

which have been considered by the worker is trivial.

4.3 Body Mass Index

Based on the results the research there is a

significant relationship between body mass index

MSDS. research workers with complaints are in line

with researchRahayu (2012) stating that there is a

relationship between nutritional status (BMI) with

symptoms of musculoskeletal disorder. Condition

one's body is too fat to be increasingly at risk for

musculoskeletal complaints. A person with

overweight will strive to support the weight of the

front of the lower back muscles contracting. If the

condition persists continuously, there will be an

emphasis on cushioning the spinal cord that causes

spinal disc herniation (Tan HC and Horn SE. 1998).

Tarwaka (2011) says that the complaint related to

the musculoskeletal system of the human body size

is more due to equilibrium conditions in the frame

ICOH 2019 - 1st International Conference on Health

structure to receive the load, either the heavy burden

of the human body itself, as well as other additional

loads. Based on observations PT. JJ-Lapp Cable

factory SMI no associated program to establish the

worker's body with a normal body mass index and

workers admitted many workers are seeing eat

haphazardly and do not move/exercise outside of

working hours.

4.4 Duration of Action

Based on the survey results revealed that there is a

significant relationship between the duration of the

complaint MSDS. This study is in line with research

Anggraini (2017) and Maula et al (2017) which

states there is a relationship between the duration of

action with Disorders Musculoskeletal Disorders

(MSDs) According to humantech (1995) work that

uses the same muscles for a long duration may

increase the potential for fatigue and cause MSDs

when a rest/recovery is not sufficient. The longer the

duration of doing the job is at risk then the time

required for recovery (the recovery) will also be

longer.

PT. JJ-Lapp Cable SMI factory in the past 2

years several workers doing part Cable Product Plan

2-hour shift job entry 6:45 am and return 19:15 the

night with a duration of working time of 11 hours

and 30 minutes with a break of only 30 minutes, for

a worker with 3 shift workers; 1 entry-hour shifts 06:

45-15:

15 Shift 2 entrance hours 15: 15-23: 15,

entrance-hour shift 3 23: 15-07: 15, on the second

shift workers this happens because the production

targets every month settlement increased and

supported by many of its orders or requests of

customers in the purchase of cable.

5 CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study showed there is a

relationship between age, years, body mass index,

and duration of action with MSDs to workers

complaints Cable Product Plan Section in PT. JJ-

Lapp Cable SMI factory in 2019.

6 SUGGESTIONS

To reduce the complaints of MSDs to workers at the

Cable Product Plan in PT JJ- Lapp Cable SMI 2019

the factory Tangerang Companies need to evaluate

health programs talk to run optimally, Creating a

new program in the form of stretching time,

Enabling morning exercise program every 1-2 weeks

and start doing the job rotation system, The

enterprises should pay more attention to workers at

risk to do a special inspection on the activities of

medical check-up and examination of blood sugar

levels for workers. Our need to add shifts to three

shifts for workers who perform two shifts in a day

and add breaks to workers and company needs

regard to work with manual handling (Scrapping) to

replace the process or stages of work by using

tools/machines.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research supervisor under the supervision of

Mrs. Nayla Kamilia Fitr, SKM., MPH, with the

examiner's mother Gisely Vionalita, SKM., M.Sc

and Mrs. Decy Situngkir, SKM., MKKK.

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