Factors Associated with Exclusive to Giving Breastfeeding Infants

Tambora in the Community Health Center, West Jakarta Year 2019

Dara Desyaila Putri and Ira Marti Ayu

Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sciences, University of Esa Unggul,

Jl. North Arjuna 9, Rt.1 / RW.2, Duri Kepa, Jakarta Raya 11510, Indonesia

Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Infants, Influencing Factors.

Abstract: Based on the Data Provided, Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Tambora District Health Center by 47.6% is still

below the targets of the Indonesian national government. This study discusses the factors associated with

exclusive breastfeeding in the Tambora Community Health Center Working Area in West Jakarta in 2019.

This study uses a cross-sectional design with a sample of 53 mothers who have 180-365 days of babies, using

the stratified sampling techniques sampling method Analyzed by the Chi-square test. Univariate results items,

namely exclusive breastfeeding (56.6%), mothers who did not work (64, 2%), good knowledge 58.5),

receiving family support (52.8%), receiving support from health workers (62.3%). There was a relationship

between maternal parity (PR = 2.100, 95% CI = 1.077 to 4.093), maternal knowledge (PR = 2.192, 95% CI =

1.162 to 4.4134), family support (PR = 3.173, 95% CI = 1,486- 6.775) and health care support (PR = 3.771,

95% CI = 1.886 to 7.543) with exclusive breastfeeding for infants. It is expected to add material and conduct

questions and answer questions after updating and monitoring with the help of Cadres.

1 PRELIMINARY

Exclusive Breastfeeding is the first food, main and

that are best for the baby naturally. Exclusive

breastfeeding is the infant only given breast milk

alone, since the age of 30-minute postnatal (after

birth) until the age of 6 months without additional

other liquids such as milk formula, orange, maduk,

mineral water, biscuits, rice porridge, juice beet and

rice team except drink medicines and vitamins

(Prasetyono, 2009) ; (Wilyani & Purwoastuti, 2015) ;

(Roesli, 2000), Exclusive breastfeeding is still a

problem in the world. Scope of exclusive

breastfeeding in the world only by 41%. Scope of

exclusive breastfeeding highest in the world were in

East and Southern Africa by 56%. While in Asia

coverage of exclusive breastfeeding with the highest

coverage is in South Asia by 52% and the lowest

coverage in the Asia Pacific and East Asia by 22%

(UNICEF, 2018),

Based Health Research (RISKESDAS) in 2018

that the proportions pattern of exclusive breastfeeding

in the last 24 hours only breast milk consumption and

not to eat or drink in the last 24 hours in infants aged

0-5 months in Indonesia amounted to 37.3% and the

proportion of pattern exclusive breastfeeding in

infants 0-5 months of Jakarta approximately 33%

(Kemenkes RI, 2018),

Based on the data from Jakarta Health Profile

2017, the number of infants who are exclusively

breastfed for 28 880 out of a total of 51 978 babies.

Based on the region implement exclusive

breastfeeding in North Jakarta (71.67%), South

Jakarta (69.59%), East Jakarta (61.22%), Jakarta

(55.54%), Thousand Islands (54%) and the lowest

was in West Jakarta (41.70%) (Jakarta Provincial

Health Office, 2017),

Mothers who breastfeed the child has long-term

health benefits such as reduced risk of being

overweight or obese. While the children are breastfed

by his mother's influence on health outcomes will

come which is to protect children against

gastrointestinal infections diseases to infectious

diseases gastrointestinal (diarrhea), respiratory tract

infection (pneumonia), stunting and ear infections.

Besides the importance of breastfeeding can reduce

and prevent allergic diseases, asthma, malnutrition

and obesity. In Indonesia there are 31.36% from

37.94% a sick child because it does not receive

exclusive breastfeeding (WHO, 2019); (Kemenkes

RI, 2019); (Prasetyono, 2009),

Putri, D. and Ayu, I.

Factors Associated with Exclusive to Giving Breastfeeding Infants Tambora in the Community Health Center, West Jakarta Year 2019.

DOI: 10.5220/0009563100590064

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Health (ICOH 2019), pages 59-64

ISBN: 978-989-758-454-1

Tambora Puskesmas is one of public health

services in the area of West Jakarta. Scope of

exclusive breastfeeding in Puskesmas Tambora in

2018 was still low at 63.1%. Tambora Puskesmas

oversees nine health centers in the villages working

area, one of the health centers coverage to its lowest

exclusive breastfeeding Urban Village Puskesmas

Tambora with the achievements of exclusive

breastfeeding 47.6%. Tambora Urban Village

Puskesmas data show that in 2018 cases of diarrhea

in infants aged 6-12 months as many as 26 people

(32.5%) and cases of malnutrition by 1 person

(1.25%).

Based on the description above, the researchers

are interested to do research with title Factors -

Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding

Baby in Tambora Urban Village Puskesmas 2019.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

This research uses quantitative approach with the aim

to get an idea by studying the relationship between

the dependent and independent variables. This study

used cross sectional design because in this study were

mothers with babies 180-365 days with a sample size

of 53 respondents. Sample calculations performed

using two different formulas proportions. The

sampling technique in this study using probability

Sampling techniques Stratified Sampling.

The collection of data that will be used in the form

of primary data is done by using a questionnaire to

interview contains questions such as age, parity,

employment status, knowledge, family support and

support of health workers. Furthermore, the data were

analyzed using univariate performed each variable,

while bivariate analysis done with chi-square test

using SPSS with significance level of p = 0.05

(CI = 95%).

3 RESULT

The result showed that the variables Exclusive

breastfeeding The highest proportion is in exclusive

breastfeeding mothers who were 30 infants (56.6%),

while the lowest proportion is the mother who does

not give exclusive breastfeeding as much as 23

infants (43.4%). Results showed that maternal

employment status variables The highest proportion

is in women who do not work as many as 34 mothers

(64.2%), while the lowest proportion is the

working mother as many as 19 mothers (35.8%).

Table 1: An overview of each Variable Exclusive

breastfeeding In Infants at Village Puskesmas Tambora,

West Jakarta 2019.

Variables Frequency

Percentage

(%)

Exclusive

breastfeeding

Exclusive

breastfeeding photo

23 43.4

Exclusive

breastfeeding

30 56.6

Mother work status

Work

19 35.8

Does not work

34 64.2

Knowladge

More knowladge

22 41.5

Good knowladge

31 58.5

Family support

Does not support

25 47.2

Support

28 52.8

Support Health

Officer

Does not support

20 37.7

Support

33 62.3

Results showed that the variables mother's knowledge

The highest proportion is in women who have a good

knowledge as many as 31 mothers (58.5%),while the

lowest proportion is in women who have poor

knowledge as many as 22 mothers (41.5%). Results

showed that the variables of family support the

highest proportion in mothers family support as many

as 28 mothers (52.8%), while the lowest proportion is

in mothers no family support as many as 25 mothers

(47.2%). Results showed that on the variable support

health workers the highest proportion in mothers

support health workers as much as 33 mothers

(62.3%),while the lowest proportion is in mothers do

not get the support of health workers by 20 mothers

(37.7%).

ICOH 2019 - 1st International Conference on Health

Table 2: Proportion of Exclusive Breastfeeding with Independent Variables in Infants in urban village Puskesmas Tambora,

West Jakarta 2019.

Variables

Exclusive breastfeeding Total P-

Value

PR (95% CI)

No Yes

N % N % N %

Mothers Work Status

Work 9 47.4 10 52.6 19 100.0

0.883

1,150

(0.618 to 2.141) Does not work 14 41.2 20 58.8 34 100.0

Knowledge

More knowledge 14 63.6 8 36.4 22 100.0

0,026

2.192

(1.162 to 4.134) Good knowledge 9 29.0 22 71.0 31 100.0

Family support

Does not support 17 68.0 8 32.0 25 100.0

0,002

3.173

(1.486 to 6.775) Support 6 21.4 22 78.6 28 100.0

Support Health Officer

Does not support 16 80.0 4 20.0 20 100.0

0,000

3.771

(1.886 to 7.543) Support 7 21.2 26 78.8 33 100.0

4 DISCUSSION

4.1 Job Status

Based on the survey results revealed there is no

relationship between maternal employment status

with exclusive breastfeeding. This is in line with

research conducted by Susmaneli (2013) showed that

there was no correlation between employment status

with exclusive breastfeeding. Another line of research

is research conducted by Trisnawati et al., (2013)

showed no association between maternal employment

status with exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers who work

in an effort to exclusive breastfeeding often experience

barriers due to the short period of maternity leave.

Exclusive breastfeeding before ending perfectly,

mothers have started to work, it is used as a reason for

not breastfeeding mothers, especially mothers who

exclusively in urban areas (Prasetyono, 2009), but the

results of the study claim there is no relationship

between maternal employment status with exclusive

breastfeeding. This may be caused by other factors

such as knowledge, family support and support of

health workers.

4.2 Mother’s Knowledge

Based on the survey results revealed there is a

relationship between knowledge of mothers with

exclusive breastfeeding. This is in line with research

conducted bySusmaneli (2013) shows that there is a

relationship between knowledge of mothers with

exclusive breastfeeding. Another line of research is

research conducted by Trisnawati et al., (2013)

showed no association between maternal knowledge

with exclusive breastfeeding. One's knowledge of the

object has a different intensity. Knowledge and

understanding enough about breastfeeding in terms of

feeding positions, treat breast, stimulate breast milk,

the benefits and advantages of breastfeeding, will

motivate mothers to breast feed properly and will

increase the breastfeeding baby (Maryunani, 2012),

Efforts are underway health centers to improve

knowledge of the mother in the form of counseling

pregnant women and education puerperal women

with delivery of material in the form of the sense of

exclusive breastfeeding, the benefits of breastfeeding,

how to express the milk, breastfeeding is right, what

is breast milk colostrum, the substance contained in

breast milk and how to facilitate breastfeeding

without question and answer. As for storage, the

composition of breast milk and breastfeeding infants

marks are not described in these materials.

4.3 Family Support

Based on the survey results revealed there is a

relationship between family support exclusive

breastfeeding. This is in line with research conducted

byRubinem (2012) shows that there is a relationship

between family support exclusive breastfeeding.

Another line of research is research conducted by

Trisnawati et al., (2013) showed no relationship

between family support exclusive breastfeeding.

According toMubaraq (2012), The family is the

strategic focus of health care because the family has

a major role in maintaining the health of all family

members, and family issues are interrelated, the

Factors Associated with Exclusive to Giving Breastfeeding Infants Tambora in the Community Health Center, West Jakarta Year 2019

family can also be a place in health care decision

makers. Support husband greatly affect family,

especially exclusive breastfeeding for infants. That

the support of the family, especially the husband is

very important in the success of the mother to produce

the quality and quantity. When the mother was having

difficulty with breastfeeding, a husband who can not

wait will advise mothers to switch to formula

(Fikawati et al, 2018). Based on the interview with

the mother, because of family reasons do not support

her husband have entrusted the affairs of the house

and the child to the mother. Then when it is

experiencing difficult to breastfeed then husband/

family suggested that formula feeding in anticipation

of the baby is hungry. As for the efforts of health

centers that provide education about the role of the

family in the exclusive breastfeeding when the

mother's womb control with the family.

4.4 Support Health Officer

Based on the survey results revealed there is a

relationship between health workers to support

exclusive breastfeeding. This is in line with research

conducted by Arifiati (2017) shows that there is a

relationship between health workers with the support

exclusive breastfeeding. Another line of research is

research conducted by Rubinem (2012) showed no

relationship between support health workers with

exclusive breastfeeding. An important role for

menunjung success of breastfeeding, health care

workers are required to provide information and

education exclusive breastfeeding to mothers or

members keluraga baby is concerned since prenatal

care until the period of exclusive breastfeeding is

finished and health officials are forbidden to promote

and provide infant formula that dampat inhibit feeding

programs exclusive breastfeeding unless there is a

medical indication determined by a physician who

require drinking milk formula (Fikawati et al., 2018).

Based on the interview to health workers that in order

to succeed in addition to the extension of exclusive

breastfeeding during pregnancy and after childbirth

education, health care workers to monitor every

Posyandu, mothers with babies less than 180 days

they were asked about exclusive breastfeeding or not.

The results based on the observation that health

officials are tasked to monitor infants aged less than

180 days amounted to only one person, so it is less

effective. Efforts made health officials when mothers

do not come to Posyandu appealed to cadres to pick

up the ball that is attended to home, weighed and

asked about exclusive breastfeeding.

5 CONCLUSION

These results indicate the relationship between

mother's knowledge, family support and support of

health workers. There was no relationship between

maternal employment status.

6 SUGGESTION

To increase rates of exclusive breastfeeding in

Puskesmas Village of Tambora in 2019 then

puskesmas village added the material was enough

milk, how breast milk storage and milk composition

and conduct a question and answer after being given

counseling and education and monitoring of

exclusive breastfeeding monthly smoothly should

health workers ask for help the cadres to conduct

monitoring of exclusive breastfeeding on the

following day for 6 months so that the monitoring is

effective for reports posyandu every month.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This peneitian supervisor under the supervision of

Mrs. Ira Marti Ayu, SKM., M.Epid, with the

examiner's mother Mayumi Nitami, SKM., MKM

and Mrs. PutriHandayani, SKM., M.KKK.

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