Analysis of Factors Relating to the Event of Dyslipidemia in Oil and

Gas Workers

Putri Handayani and Fierdania Yusvita

Department of Public Health, Universitas Esa Unggul, Jl. Arjuna Utara No 9, Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Occupational Health, HDL, Cholesterol, Work Promotion.

Abstract: Dyslipidemia is a health disorder that is often found in workers in the oil and gas mining industry. Workers

have a huge potential to experience the risk of cardiovascular disease because several factors in the work

environment can affect health. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the

incidence of dyslipidemia in workers at PT X. This research method uses a cross-sectional study. The

population of this study is the workers who served on Ship A, amounting to 45 people. The statistical test

used is the Chi-Square test. Based on the results of the study found that, there is no relationship of LDL (p-

value = 1,000), triglycerides (p-value = 0.135), BMI (p-value = 1,000), smoking status (p-value = 0.704),

hypertension status (p-value = 0.699) with the incidence of dyslipidemia and there is a relationship between

HDL (p-value = 0.006), obese (p-value = 0,025) and cholesterol (p-value = 0.001) with the incidence of

dyslipidemia. Researchers suggest that companies are expected to be able to revitalize work promotion

programs in the workplace.

1 INTRODUCTION

Dyslipidemia is a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism

in the form of overproduction or lipoprotein

deficiency. This disorder can be manifested by an

increase in total serum cholesterol (TC), low-density

lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride

concentrations, and a decrease in lipoprotein protein

(HDL-C) high-density concentration. This is a major

risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), the

leading cause of death worldwide (American Heart

Association, 2004).

The Increasing prevalence of dyslipidemia has

become a worldwide public health problem (Qi et

al., 2015). Dyslipidemia occurs due to several

factors one of which is lifestyle changes.

Dyslipidemia can be experienced by anyone without

knowing a social or educational status. Dyslipidemia

can cause several effects on workers such as type 2

diabetes (Jayarama and Lakshmaiah, 2012; Zhou et

al., 2014), atherosclerosis (Snehalatha et al., 201),

stroke (Djelilovic-Vranic et al., 2013) and

cardiovascular diseases (Stamler et al., 2000;

Vergani and Lucchi, 2012). Factors that trigger

dyslipidemia include age (WHO, 2007), smoking

(WHO, 2007), body mass index (WHO, 2007;

Basheikh, 2016), hypertension (Lopez, 2006), HDL,

LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol (Basheikh),

2016).

PT. X is a company engaged in the oil and gas

sector. The results of research conducted at this

company in 2017 showed that the proportion of

workers with dyslipidemia status was 82.2% with

the total workers at risk of cardiovascular disease of

51.1%. Until 2008 it was reported that cases of death

due to Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD) increased by

30% in this company. Furthermore, in 2009 it was

reported that the proportion of active workers who

died due to CHD at PT X was as much as 40%.

Based on the results of periodic health checks

conducted at the company, in 2004-2016 there was

an increase in risk factors for dyslipidemia such as

BMI, cholesterol, and glucose above the normal

limit in workers. The proportion of workers with

high total cholesterol (>200 mg/dL) was 64.1%,

workers with a BMI >25 kg/m2 were 42.3%, and

workers with impaired glucose were 13.8%. Also, as

many as 7.3% of workers have a history of

hypertension (blood pressure >140/90 mmHg) and

43.2% of workers are active smokers (Health Dept.

PT X, 2016). Therefore, this study aimed to

determine the factors associated with the incidence

of dyslipidemia in workers at PT X.

Handayani, P. and Yusvita, F.

Analysis of Factors Relating to the Event of Dyslipidemia in Oil and Gas Workers.

DOI: 10.5220/0009594903170319

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Health (ICOH 2019), pages 317-319

ISBN: 978-989-758-454-1

317

2 METHOD

This quantitative research uses a non-experimental

design. The sample of this research is 45 workers

who are all workers who work on Ship A. Data

collection is done cross-sectionally using secondary

data. Data analysis is performed using computer

software, univariate analysis is performed to see the

frequency distribution of each variable. research to

determine the variation of each variable, and

bivariate analysis to see the relationship between

independent and dependent variables. The statistical

test used was chi-square with a significance level of

0.05.

3 RESULT

Table 1: Distribution of respondent characteristics and risk

factors for dyslipidemia.

Variable Categories n %

Dyslipidemia Yes 37 82,2

No 8 17,8

Ages >48 Years old 22 48,9

<48 Years old 23 51,1

Obese Obese 25 55,6

Normal 20 44,4

Smoking Yes 26 57,8

No 19 42,2

Hypertension Yes 30 66,7

No 15 33,3

LDL Low 22 48,9

High 23 51,1

HDL Low 22 48,9

High 23 51,1

Triglyceride Normal 22 48,9

High 23 51,1

Total

Cholesterol

Low 22 48,9

High 23 51,1

In this study, the proportion of workers with

dyslipidemia was 82.2%. Based on workers aged

<48 years 51.1%, abnormal BMI 55.6%, smoking

57.8%, hypertension 66.7%, high LDL 51.1%, high

HDL 51.1%, high triglycerides 51, 1%, and high

cholesterol 51.1% (see table 1).

Table 2: Factors related to dyslipidaemia.

Variable Categories p-value

Ages >48 Years old 0,879

<48 Years old

Obese Obese 0,025

Normal

Smoking Yes 0,704

Hypertension Yes 0,699

LDL Low 1,000

High

HDL Low 0,006

High

Triglyserida Normal 0, 136

High

Total

Cholesterol

Low 0,001

High

Bivariate analysis results show that there is no

relationship of LDL (p-value = 1,000), triglycerides

(p-value = 0.136), smoking status (p-value = 0.704),

hypertension status (p-value = 0.699) with the

incidence of dyslipidemia and there is a relationship

between HDL (p-value = 0.006), obese (p-value =

0,025) and cholesterol (p-value = 0.001) with the

incidence of dyslipidemia (see table 2).

4 DISCUSSION

The prevalence of dyslipidemia continues to

increase in some developing countries (Fuentes et

al., 2003). In this study, the prevalence of

dyslipidemia in oil and gas company workers

reached 82.2%. The high prevalence of dyslipidemia

can be caused by changes in worker lifestyle,

especially such as lack of physical activity (Hirai, et

al., 2019), smoking habits and unhealthy food intake

(Basheikh, 2016).

The results of the bivariate analysis show there is

a relationship between obesity status and

dyslipidemia status with the risk of cardiovascular

disease. This is in line with the theory revealed by

WHO (2007) that obesity is a health problem that

develops in both developed and developing

countries. Prospective epidemiological studies have

shown an association between being overweight or

ICOH 2019 - 1st International Conference on Health

318

obese and cardiovascular morbidity, CVD mortality

and total mortality. Obesity is strongly associated

with cardiovascular risk factors, such as raised blood

pressure, glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, and

dyslipidemia. A meta-analysis of RCTs has shown

that reducing weight-diet, combined with exercise,

results in significant body weight, reducing total

cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, increasing HDL-

cholesterol, and improving blood pressure control

and diabetes.

Based on the Chi-Square test, smoking status

does not have a significant relationship with the risk

of cardiovascular disease in workers at PT X. This is

because smoking can cause changes in the structure

and function of blood circulation in the body.

According to WHO (2007), Smoking is a major risk

factor for heart disease, including heart attacks and

strokes, and also has a strong relationship with CHD

so stopping smoking will reduce the risk of a heart

attack. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of heart

attack 2 to 3 times. About 24% of deaths due to

CHD in men and 11% in women due to smoking.

Despite a progressive decline in the proportion of

the population who smoked since the 1970s, in 1996

29% of men and 28% of women still smoked. One

thing of concern is the increased prevalence of

smoking in adolescents, especially in adolescent

girls. People who do not smoke and live with

smokers (passive smokers) have an increased risk of

20-30% compared to people who live with

nonsmokers. The risk of developing CHD due to

smoking is related to a dose where people who

smoke 20 or more cigarettes a day have a risk of two

to three times higher than the general population to

experience CHD events (WHO, 2007).

The results of the bivariate analysis showed that

age was not related to the risk of cardiovascular

disease. This is contrary to what was expressed by

Djohan (2004) that the risk of cardiovascular disease

will increase with age. In this study, the age factor

becomes unrelated, possibly due to other factors that

have a stronger influence compared to the age factor.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of the analysis, related factors

are factors that can be prevented by adopting a

healthy lifestyle at work. Companies are advised to

re-activate health promotion programs, especially in

work areas such as Ship A. This needs to be done so

that the triggering factors for cardiovascular disease

can be controlled properly. Further research is

needed to find out the most dominant factor

influencing the risk of cardiovascular disease in

workers in similar industries.

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