The Correlation of Reaction Time between Explosive Power of Legs

and Crescent Kick Speed on the Athletes of Empat Banding Budi

Institution in Pekanbaru

Zulfikar

, Sugeng Purwanto

Graduate School Program, Yogyakarta State University, Jl. Colombo No. 1, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Reaction Time, Explosive Power of Legs, Speed Crescent Kick.

Abstract: This research aims to investigate the correlation of reaction time between explosive power of legs with

speed crescent kick on the male athletes of Empat Banding Budi Institution Pekanbaru. The form of this

research was a correlation study. The participants in this research were the athletes of Empat Banding Budi

Institution Pekanbaru, and the sample in this research consisted of six athletes in Empat Banding Budi

Institusion Pekanbaru. The calculation of the first analysis between reaction time (x1) and speed crescent

kick (y) shows r table at the significant level, α (0,05) = 0,811, meaning that r obtained (0,482) < r table

(0,811). It means that the hypothesis is rejected and there is a medium correlation between reaction time and

speed crescent kick. The second analysis of the correlation between explosive power of legs (x2) and speed

crescent kick (y) shows r table at a significant level α (0,05) = 0,811, meaning that r obtained (0,687) < r

table (0,811). It means that the hypothesis is rejected and there is a strong correlation between explosive

power of legs and speed crescent kick. The analysis of three correlation of reaction time (x1) and explosive

power of legs (x2) with speed crescent kick (y), shows r table at significant level α (0,05) = 0,811, meaning

that r obtained (0,690) < r table (0,811). It means that the hypothesis is rejected and there is a strong

correlation of reaction time and explosive power of legs with speed crescent kick.

1 INTRODUCTION

The rise of Asian martial arts is a clear example of

authentic cultural products in a global environment.

Globalization introduces martial arts through cinema

so as to create a degree in their martial history

(Barry, 2016). The surprising evolution of the

martial arts popularity is through television and film,

increasing the regional economy. Besides, it rose as

a global financial center with the famous local

martial arts culture (Neil, 2019). Martial arts are one

of valuable sports (Peter, 2016).

In the world of sports, martial art no longer

sounds classic but it serves as a sport inviting many

atheletes to compete (Wojciech, 2006). Pencak silat

is a traditional martial art originating from

Indonesia. In other words, it can be said that pencak

silat is one of the Indonesian national cultures in the

field of sports that has experienced tremendous

development and has even been accepted as one of

the sports contested at multi-event level (Johansyah

Lubis, 2014). The term pencak silat is designated

from two words; pencak means performing arts and

silat means battle. Thus, pencak silat is a martial art

that sometimes involves the use of weapons such as

swords or sticks (Margaret, 2011). Many martial art

participants believe that martial arts are able to make

positive benefits to the physical and mental

conditions for them (Min et al, 2015).

To become a fighter, we must possess and master

various basic techniques of pencak silat, including

horses, tide attitudes, step patterns, grooves,

avoidances, defenses and attacks (Johansyah, 2014).

One type of attack is foot attack. Some types of foot

attacks are straight kicks, T kicks, back kicks and

crescent kicks. A crescent kick is a semicircular

crossing kick, targeting all parts of the body by

using the back of the foot sole or the fingers of the

foot sole (Lubis, 2014). In order to do a good kick

technique, the adequate physical and mental

readinesses are also needed. Physical activity is an

activity that is determined by the duration,

frequency, and intensity of movements (Torben,

2009). The elements of the physical condition

involve some components including: 1. strength; 2.

endurance; 3. muscular explosive power; 4. speed; 5.

348

Zulﬁkar, . and Purwanto, S.

The Correlation of Reaction Time between Explosive Power of Legs and Crescent Kick Speed on the Athletes of Empat Banding Budi Institution in Pekanbaru.

DOI: 10.5220/0009786203480355

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 348-355

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

flexibility; 6. balance; 7. coordination; 8. agility; 9.

accuracy; and 10. reaction (Sajoto, 1995).

The physical components that can make a good

kick technique are muscle explosive power and

reaction time. In the sport of pencak silat, the ability

to create and transfer leg muscle explosive power is

a key element of success in gaining victory (Michael

et al, 2005). Explosive power is defined as a

combined product of strength and speed (Street et al,

2011). Developing a method of leg muscle explosive

power in school-age athletes can increase the speed

of leg muscle explosive power in relatively short

time and effort (Kerimov & Goncharova, 2014). The

jumping affects the leg development and increase

the speed and strength in the leg muscles (Nining &

Lalu, 2006). Explosive force is the ability of a

muscle or a group of muscles to carry out explosive

movements. In pencak silat, this explosive power is

used to carry out punches or kicks (Joko Subroto,

1996). Speed of movement and quick reactions are

important requirement in athletics. Reaction time is

often doubted and this element is usually not used in

athletic selection (Gavkare et al, 2013). Reaction

time is the ability of a person to immediately act as

quickly as possible in response to stimuli caused by

senses, nerves or other feelings, such as anticipating

an attack from the opponent that must be avoided

(Sajoto, 1995). The duration of the movement

affects the reaction time of fraction component

(Donald, 1986).

Reaction time is the time that passes between the

beginning of the stimulus and the person's response

to the stimulation received through the muscles

(Todd, Katrina, and Vickilyn, 2012 in Joko Subroto,

1996). It is also said that reaction time is an element

of physical condition that plays an important role in

pencak silat; one of them is when responding to a

kick attack or a blow as quickly as possible. The

reaction time is largely dependent on the level a

person receives stimuli from his/her hearing and

vision sensors to the muscular system in a fast time

(Ana, 2008).

However, based on observations in the field, the

authors found a problem in male athletes from

Empat Banding Budi Institution, Pekanbaru in the

match especially at the City Championship in

Pekanbaru. The Empat Banding Budi Pekanbaru in

the competition sent male athletes in several classes,

including class A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and class I.

Based on the interview result with the pencak silat

trainers at the college, it was found that in the

competition, only the male athletes in class A and I

won the match, while the athletes from class B, C,

D, E, F, G, and H did not win the match because

they did not compete optimally. In the competition,

crescent kicks were the most dominant kick used by

the fighters. Obviously, the skill of the male athletes

of Empat Banding Budi, Pekanbaru in doing the

crescent kick was still slow. Therefore, it was easier

for the opponents to fend off, to catch legs and make

falls. The reaction time when responding to the

opponent’s movements to do counterattack was also

very slow and it allowed the fighter to easily be

dropped.

The author expects the male athletes of Empat

Banding Budi have a good reaction time and

explosive power in the leg muscles that result in a

hard-crescent kick speed and maximum kick speed.

Thus, it is difficult for the opponent to do fist and

catch.

2 METHOD

This research was conducted by using a correlational

research design that aims to investigate how far the

variables on a factor related to other factors.

Correlation is a study designed to determine the

relation level of different variables in a population

and aims to find out how much the relationship

between independent variables and dependent

variables (Suharsimi Arikunto, 2006). Population is

the whole research subject (Arikunto, 2006). There

were 6 male fighters of Empat Banding Budi as the

population in this study. Guided by the description

in the population, the sampling was determined by

taking the entire population into samples (total

sampling). Arikunto (2006) states that if the

population is less than 100 people, then all samples

are better taken. Thus, the numbers of samples in

this study were 6 people. Instrument

The data needed in this study was the data in the

form of reaction time, leg muscle explosive and kick

crescent speed tests. The instruments used to collect

the data in this study were: 1. reaction time test

(whole body reaction time meter) according to

Ismaryati (2008), 2. skip far without the prefix

(standing broad jump) according to Johansyah

(2014) in the book of martial arts, 3. crescent kick

speed test according to Johansyah (2014) in the

martial arts book.

3 RESULT

3.1 Reaction Time

The measurement of reaction time was carried out

using a whole-body reaction time meter test for 6

The Correlation of Reaction Time between Explosive Power of Legs and Crescent Kick Speed on the Athletes of Empat Banding Budi

Institution in Pekanbaru

349

samples. The fastest score was 0.225 second; the

lowest score was 0.276 seconds; the mean was

(0.26); the standard deviation was 0.02. The data

from this test can be seen in Table 3.1.

Table 1: Distribution of reaction time frequency (X1).

No Interval Class

Frequency

absolute

(F1)

relative

(%)

1 0.225– .242 1 16.67 %

2 0.243–0.260 0 0%

3 0.261– .278 5 83.33 %

Amount 6 100%

Based on the frequency distribution table above,

it turned out that out of 6 samples, 1 sample

(16.67%) had the agility result with a value range of

0.225 - 0.242. Thus, there was not any sample in the

value range of 40.66 - 50.66 and 5 samples (83.33%)

had the agility results with a value range of 0.261 -

0.278. The more detailed result can be seen in the

histogram below.

Figure 1: Reaction time histogram (X1).

3.2 Explosive Power of Leg Muscles

The measurement of leg muscle explosive power

was carried out by using standing broad jump test on

6 samples. The furthest score was 231cm. The

closest score was 200cm. The mean was 217.83. The

standard deviation was 13.41. From the data on this

test, the frequency distribution table can be seen in

Table 2.

Table 2: Frequency distribution of leg muscle power (X2).

No Interval Class

Frequency

absolute

(F1)

relative

(%)

1 200

–

212 2 33.33

2 213

–

225 2 33.33

3 226

–

238 2 33.33

Amount 6 100%

Based on the frequency distribution table above,

it turned out that from 6 samples, 2 samples

(33.33%) had jumps with a value range of 200 - 212,

2 samples (33.33%) had jumps with a value range of

213 - 225, and 2 samples (33.33%) had jumps with a

value range of 226-238. The more detailed result can

be seen in the histogram below.

Figure 2: Muscle explosive power histogram (X2).

3.3 Crescent Kick Speed

Data obtained from crescent kicks were measured

using the Crescent Kick Speed Test (Lubis, 2014).

Out of 6 samples, it was found that the highest score

was 40. The lowest score was 30. The mean score

was 35.83 and the standard deviation was 3.82.

From the data from the results of this test, a

frequency distribution table can be seen in Table 3.

Table 3: Variable distribution of crescent kick speeds (Y).

No Interval Class

Frequency

absolute

(F1)

relative

(%)

1 30 – 33 1 16.67%

2 34 – 37 3 50%

3 38 – 41 2 33.33%

Amount 6 100%

Based on the distribution table above, it turned

out that out of 6 samples, 1 sample (16.67%) had

Série2,

0.225–

0.242,

16,67%

Série2;

0.243–

0.260;

Série2;

0.261–

0.278;

83,33%

Série2;

200 –

212;

33,33%

Série2;

213 –

225;

33,33%

Série2;

226 –

238;

33,33%

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

350

crescent kick speed with a range of values of 30-33,

3 samples (50%) had a crescent kick speed with a

value range of 34-37, and the last 2 samples

(33.33%) in a range of 38 – 41. The more detailed

result can be seen in the histogram below.

Figure 3: Crescent kick speed histogram (Y).

Table 4: Norms of crescent kick speed (Lubis, 2014).

Category Woman Man

Very Good >24 >25

Good 19-23 20-24

Average 16-18 17-19

Fair 13-15 15-16

Poor <12 <14

Based on the crescent kick speed test data

obtained an average of 36 kicks, so it can be

concluded from the Table 4 above that the speed of

the crescent athlete's kick of Empat Banding Budi

was in the very good category.

4 DATA ANALYSIS

Analysis of the data normality test was carried out

by using Liliefors test. The results of the analysis

from the normality test of each variable are

presented in the form of the table below, and the

complete calculations can be seen in the appendix.

Table 5: Data normality with liliefors test.

No Name Lo L table Notes

1 Reaction Time 0.1711 0.319 Normal

Explosive Power

of Leg Muscles

0.2499 0.319 Normal

Crescent Kick

0.1401 0.319 Normal

On the table above, it can be seen that the results

of the variable reaction time, Lo, leg muscle

explosive power variables, and crescent kick speed

variables are smaller than L table. Thus, it can be

concluded that the data are normally distributed.

The results of simple correlation coefficient

calculations can be seen as follows.

a. The result of the calculation of the correlation

coefficient value of X1 to Y was 0.482.

b. The result of the calculation of the correlation

coefficient value of X2 towards Y was 0.687.

c. The result of the correlation coefficient count of

X1 and X2 was -0.627.

d. The result of the correlation coefficient count of

X1X2 against Y was 0.690.

4.1 Hypothesis One Testing

On the first hypothesis test, there is a relationship

between the reaction time and crescent kick speed.

Based on the analysis, the average crescent kick skill

was at 35.83, having standard deviation at 3.82. The

average reaction time obtained was 50.00 with a

standard deviation of 10.00. From the information

above, a correlation analysis between reaction time

and crescent kick speed was obtained, in which the r

tab at a significant level α (0.05) = 0.811 meaning

that r obtained (0.482) < r tab (0.811). Therefore, the

hypothesis is rejected. The detailed data can be seen

in the table below.

Table 6: Correlation analysis between reaction time and

sickness kick speed (X1-Y).

N R obtained R table Notes

6 0,482 0,811 Ha Rejected

Table 7: The interpretation of the correlation coefficient r

value (Sugiyono, 2003).

Interval Coefficient Relationship Level

0.00 – 0.19 Very Low

0.20 – 0.399 Low

0.40

–

0.599 Avera

0.60 – 0.799 Strong

0.80 – 1.000 Very Strong

The results of the correlation analysis state that

there is a moderate but not significant relationship

between reaction time and crescent kick speed,

because at a significant level α = 0.05 proves that r

obtained (0.482) is smaller than r table (0.811).

The Correlation of Reaction Time between Explosive Power of Legs and Crescent Kick Speed on the Athletes of Empat Banding Budi

Institution in Pekanbaru

351

4.2 Hypothesis Two Testing

On the second test hypothesis, there is a relationship

between the leg muscle explosive power and

crescent kick speed. Based on the analysis carried

out, the average crescent kick ability was at 35.82,

having a standard deviation of 3.82. The average

reaction time obtained was 50.00 with a standard

deviation of 10.00. From the information above, a

correlation analysis between reaction time and

crescent kick speed was obtained in which the r table

at a significant level α (0.05) = 0.811 means r

obtained (0.687) < r table (0.811). Hence, the

hypothesis is rejected. The detailed data can be seen

in the table below.

Table 8: Correlation analysis between leg muscle

explosive power and crescent kick speed (X2-Y).

N R obtaine

R table Notes

6 0,687 0,811 Ha Re

ecte

Table 9: Interpretation of the correlation coefficient r

value (Sugiyono, 2003: 231).

Coefficient Interval Correlation Level

0.00

–

0.19 Ver

Low

0.20

–

0.399 Low

0.40

–

0.599 Average

0.60

–

0.799 Strong

0.80

–

1.000 Ver

Stron

The results of the correlation analysis state that

there is a strong but not significant relationship

between leg muscle explosive power and crescent

kick speed because at a significant level α = 0.05 r

obtained (0.687) is smaller than r table (0.811).

4.3 Hypothesis Three Testing

On the third hypothesis, there is a relationship

between reaction time and leg muscle explosive

power with crescent kick speed. Based on the

analysis carried out, the correlation analysis between

reaction time and explosive muscle leg strength with

crescent kick velocity is as follows.

Table 10: Analysis of correlation between reaction time

and leg muscle explosive power with crescent kick speed

(X1, X2 - Y).

N R obtained R table Notes

6 0.690 0,811 Ha Rejected

Table 11. Interpretation of the correlation coefficient r

value (Sugiyono, 2003: 231)

Coefficient Interval Correlation Level

0.00 – 0.19 Very low

0.20 – 0.399 Low

0.40 – 0.599 Average

0.60 – 0.799 Strong

0.80 – 1.000 Very Strong

The results of the correlation analysis show that

there is not any significant relationship between

reaction time and leg muscle explosive power with

crescent kick speed because at a significant level α =

0.05 r obtained (0.690) is smaller than r table

(0.811).

5 DISCUSSION

5.1

Reaction Time

Reaction time is an important aspect in responding

to something. The athlete's reaction time in sports is

more needed by open and closed sports skills (Leila

et al, 2013). In the sport of pencak silat, reaction

time is needed when carrying out attacks. Having

good ability in managing reaction time, the fighters

can quickly optimize the results of good kicks.

Remember that the speed of reaction time is caused

by the increasing uncertainty in the direction of

movement and the push when receiving a response

(Sanderson, 1983). Athletes who have good speed

tend to have fast movement coordination, because

coordination is a kind of collaboration between the

central nervous system and the muscles. The

muscles are used in kicking movements.

From the results of the analysis, it can be

concluded that there is not any significant

relationship between the reaction time and crescent

kick speed of the Empat Banding Budi Pekanbaru

athletes. The hypothesis was rejected because the

number of samples in this study was very small and

when conducting the research, they did not take the

test seriously and properly so that the results

obtained were not optimal. Some complications of

mental elements can also affect the reaction time,

besides the human physiological factors (Thomas,

2013). The level of strength possessed by athletes

will certainly be better if the factors that can affect

the speed of crescent kicks are ignored.

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

352

Based on the results obtained after the athlete's

ability were analyzed, it is clear that improving the

ability of physical conditions such as reaction time

will indirectly increase the ability of the crescent

kick speed. This is an evident from neuroscience

research that has identified differences in the

response time mechanism of reactions under normal

circumstances in humans and those reactions

constantly become quicker in a competition

(Thomas, 2013). This is an evident that there is a

relationship of the reaction time in supporting the

athlete's crescent kick speed, although there are still

many determinants that may increase this ability.

Reaction time can be increased by anticipation.

Anticipation in question is an athlete's strategy to

minimize the response time to stimuli and guess or

anticipate when the stimulus comes (Ana, 2008).

5.2 Explosive Power of Leg Muscles

Explosive power plays an important role in carrying

out movements in crescent kicks. In pencak silat

sport, the ability to generate and transfer explosive

power to the kick is an important element of gaining

points from opponents (Michael et al, 2005).

Explosive power is a crucial element in

determining a decisive attack when kicking your

opponent. On the other hand, explosive power also

determines the quality of the athlete, because if the

athlete's limbs are very weak, it is easier for the

opponent to catch and respond to the kick

movement.

From the results of the analysis, it can be

concluded that there was a relationship but not

significant between the explosive muscle power of

the limbs with the speed of the crescent kick in the

Empat Banding Budi Pekanbaru athletes. The

hypothesis was rejected because the number of

samples in this study was so small. In addition, when

conducting the research, they did not take the test

seriously and properly so that the results obtained

were not optimal. The level of strength possessed by

athletes will certainly be better if the factors that can

affect the speed of crescent kicks are not ignored.

Based on the results obtained after analyzing the

data from the athlete's ability, it is clear that

improving the ability of physical conditions such as

explosive power would also indirectly increase the

ability of the crescent kick speed. This is an evident

that there is a relationship of the leg muscle

explosive power in supporting the athlete's crescent

kick speed, although there are still many

determinants that may increase the kicking ability.

Future research should determine the biological age

of athletes rather than chronologically to see changes

in leg muscle explosive power as a function of

opportunities that occur during athletes' growth

(Bennett et al, 2019).

5.3 Leg Muscle Power and Reaction

Time and with Crescent Kick Speed

One of the factors needed in pencak silat is reaction

time and explosive power. Reaction time is one of

the important technical parts to achieve an

achievement. When competing, athletes are required

to carry out attacks quickly and strongly so as to

produce the optimal kick, involving all parts of the

body to receive stimuli and make fast and strong

movements when kicking.

From the analysis, it can be concluded that there

is not any significant relationship but not significant

between reaction time and leg muscle explosive

power with crescent kick speed at the Empat

Banding Budi Pekanbaru athletes.

The hypothesis was rejected because the number

of samples in this study was very small and when

conducting research, they did not take the test

seriously and properly, so the researchers repeated a

large number of tests. Thus, the results were not

optimal because the athletes were already exhausted.

The level of reaction time and explosive power of an

athlete will certainly be better if the factors that can

affect the speed of crescent kicks are not ignored.

The physical component has a positive

contribution to the results of kicks in the sport of

Pencak Silat (Nusufi, 2014). This means that some

factors can increase the crescent kick ability, such as

reaction time and leg muscle explosive power.

However, researchers only connect to the two forms

of physical condition. Actually, there are still many

physical components that can improve crescent kick

abilities such as agility.

6 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of the research that the author

described in the previous chapter; the conclusions

can be taken as follows.

1. There is a moderate relationship between

reaction time and crescent kick speed, in which

at a significant level α (0.05) r obtained (0.482)

is smaller than r table (0.811).

2. There is a significant correlation between leg

muscle explosive power and crescent kick speed,

in which at a significant level α (0.05) r obtained

(0.687) is smaller than r table (0.811).

The Correlation of Reaction Time between Explosive Power of Legs and Crescent Kick Speed on the Athletes of Empat Banding Budi

Institution in Pekanbaru

353

3. There is a strong relationship between reaction

time and leg muscle explosive power with

crescent kick speed, in which a significant level

of α (0.05) r obtained (0.690) is smaller than r

table (0.811).

7 RECOMMENDATION

Based on the conclusions above, the researchers can

provide recommendations as follows.

1. The trainer/ teacher should pay attention to the

reaction time and the explosive power of the

leg muscles with the speed of kicking of Empat

Banding Budi Pekanbaru athletes.

2. The trainer/ teacher should direct the exercise

of the physical component that can affect the

optimal kick.

3. The athletes/ students should pay attention and

improve the practice of reaction speed and

explosive power with crescent kick speeds. For

other researchers, it is recommended to

examine other factors related to martial arts.

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