Plyometric Training Effects on Volleyball Athletes Power

Mansur

, Risti Nurfadhila

Sport Sciences Study Program, Graduate School Yogyakarta State University, Colombo Street, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Plyometric, Power, Volleyball athletes

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of plyometric training, consisting of both dynamic and

static plyometric training, on power of volleyball athletes. Eight-teen volleyball athletes were recruited as

samples. The sample consisted of two groups, namely dynamic plyometric and static plyometric group. In

addition, power performance was assessed by standing broad jump test. This study used experimental research

design. Paired t-test was employed to find out the effects of plyometric training, which consists of dynamic

and static plyometric training, on power of volleyball athletes while independent t-test was used to find out

different effect of dynamic and static plyometric training. The result showed that there was a significant effect

of dynamic plyometric training on power (p= 0.028); no significant effect of statistic plyometric training on

power (p= 0.540), and a significant different effect of dynamic and statistic plyometric training on power (p=

0.000). The result suggests that dynamic plyometric training is effective to improve power.

1 INTRODUCTION

Volleyball is a sport that has complex movements.

Many factors influence the success of volleyball

achievement, which is based on several aspects

including physical exercise, technique, tactics, and

mental training (Bompa & Haff, 2009). Physical

condition is one of the most important factors in

volleyball achievement. In order to achieve high

performance in competitive sports, a prime physical

condition is needed according to the needs and

demands of the sport. The prime physical condition is

needed by every athlete, especially for sports that

demand long-term heavy performance. Many benefits

are obtained from prime physical conditions such as:

easy to master complex skills, reduce the risk of

injury, maintain physical performance, accelerate

recovery after exercise, and increase self-confidence.

According to Bompa (2000), physical condition is

an important element and becomes the basis for

developing techniques, tactics, strategies and mental

development. Physical condition status can reach the

optimal point if it is started from an early age, carried

out continuously throughout the year, tiered and

guided by the principles of training correctly. In

addition, the development of physical conditions

must be planned periodically based on the stages of

exercise, the status of the athlete's physical condition,

the needs of each number / class / sport, the fulfilment

of balanced nutrition, adequate facilities and

equipment, a healthy environment, and the level of

training of athletes. Anderson, D., Tharp, T.,

Elsberry, C., Best, A., Barr, R., and Legg, B., (2011)

state that physical ability consists of strength,

endurance, speed, agility, flexibility, coordination,

power, and stamina.

Volleyball is a team sport which is a non-cycle or

acyclic sport in which a motion is carried out

intermittently. The load given for power training for

acyclic sports between 50-80% is done with rapid

movements, and given intervals of 3-5 minutes and

full recovery or complete recovery (Bompa, 1999).

Volleyball is an open exercise in which the

movements are made in a moving environment or

using unknown objects. In volleyball, the rhythm of

motion requires an explosive power from the muscles

of both the upper and lower extremities. The

movements in volleyball games are very anaerobic,

with an average of 7-9 seconds rally. Setting, spiking,

jumping, and blocking are all anaerobic power

movements (Bertucci, 1982; Stone & Kroll., 1991).

The players are also required to always move along

in one rally. The ball known as ball out-of-play is not

played in less than 20 seconds. Meanwhile, the ball is

played in an average of 7 minutes during a set. It is

not played on average 17 minutes in one set (24

minutes). The game of volleyball requires a large leg

of power to jump and also able to continue playing at

576

Mansur, . and Nurfadhila, R.

Plyometric Training Effects on Volleyball Athletes Power.

DOI: 10.5220/0009797905760578

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 576-578

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

high levels for several hours. Active players must

jump vertically once in 43 seconds on average,

sometimes they also jump 2 to 3 times in a row.

Therefore, power is a very important physical aspect

of volleyball.

In order to achieve excellent power, the right

practice is needed. There are several types of physical

training methods. Plyometric training is one type of

exercise that can be used to improve physical

condition. Lubis (2005) states that plyometric training

is one of the exercises carried out by the trainers

specifically to sports that require the ability of the

explosive leg and arm muscles. Dynamic and static

plyometric exercises are a form of plyometric

exercise. Both of these types of exercises have

advantages and disadvantages. There have not been

detailed studies discussing the comparison and the

influence of the two plyometric exercises which are

the focuses in this study.

2 METHOD

This study employed an experimental method, which

investigated the possibility of interconnected cause

and effect by using one or more treatment conditions

to one experimental group. The population in this

study included Yuso Sleman volleyball athletes. To

determine the sample, the purposive sampling

technique was used in the present study. This

technique was chosen specifically based on the

research objectives.

Furthermore, in this study the data were collected

through testing and measurement techniques. The

data from this study were taken directly through tests

and measurements with power test. Meanwhile, data

analysis techniques carried out in this study were

quantitative analysis. Paired t-test and independent t-

test were used in this study.

The plyometric training programs used in this

study were both dynamic and static plyometric

program. The subject warmed up for 15 minutes and

directly performed the plyometric exercise for 20

minutes before technique and tactic exercise.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Both paired t-test and independent t-test of this study

are presented in table. The results of paired t-test

showed that the dynamic plyometric training was

significant (p= 0.028) and had an effect on power. In

contrast, constant plyometric exercises were not

significant (p= 0.1540) yet had an effect on increasing

power. The independent results of the t-test showed

that there was a significant difference between

dynamic and the static plyometrics exercise with p=

0.000. Dynamic plyometric exercises, therefore, have

a better effect than static plyometric on increasing

power.

Tabel 1: Paired and Independent T Test Result

Variables

Sig

Dynamic Plyometric

0.028

Static Plyometric

0.540

Dynamic Plyometric* Static

Plyometric

0.000

Plyometrics, also known as "jump training" or

"plyos", are exercises involving maximum muscles

force exerted in a short interval of time to increase

muscle power. This training focuses on learning to

move from a muscle extension to a contraction in a

rapid or "explosive" manner, for example with

specialized repeated jumping.

It was evident that after six weeks of plyometric

and resistance training, young volleyball players have

had great improvement in their skeletal strength and

explosive power. In comparison to different training

methods, the highest improvement was observed in

resistance training group and then in plyometric

group. Bosco (1982) believes that the increase in

explosive power is the result of two factors:

adaptation in bio motor organs and the improvement

in skeletal functions to store motor energy in elastic

elements. In other words, the role of plyometric

training is feasible in neural- skeletal system which

results in the fast transference from external

constriction to internal one. Therefore, increase in the

strength as a result of plyometric training, might be

because of the increase in the size of muscle fibres.

Adaptation in the production of skeletal power is in

close association with the increase in muscle fibres.

Plyometric training programs might cause a

significant increase at the first and second type of

skeletal muscle fibres.

Dynamic plyometric exercises are the types of

plyometric exercises with a front and side direction,

while static plyometric exercises are plyometric

exercises with a forward direction. The results of the

study showed that dynamic plyometric exercises had

a better effect on power than static plyometric

exercises. Dynamic plyometric exercises have a

better effect because physiologically a stretch reflex

or myotatic reflex is a response to a given level of

muscle stretching and is one of the fastest reflexes in

Plyometric Training Effects on Volleyball Athletes Power

577

the human body so that dynamic plyometric exercises

are more effective than static plyometric exercises.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The result showed that there was a significant effect

of dynamic plyometric training on power (p= 0.028);

no significant effect of statistic plyometric training on

power (p= 0.540), and a significant different effect of

dynamic and statistic plyometric training on power

(p= 0.000). This result, therefore, suggests that

dynamic plyometric training is effective to improve

power.

REFERENCES

Anderson, D., Tharp, T., Elsberry, C., Best, A., Barr,

R., and Legg, B., 2011. High School Strength

Training. IOWA High School Athletic

Association. (515) 432.

Bompa TO, and Haff GG., 2009. Periodization:

Theory and Methodology of Training.

Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers.

Bompa, T.O., 2000. Total Training for Young

Champions. United States of America: Human

Kinetics.

Faigenbaum, Avery D. & Westcott, Wayne L. (2009).

Youth Strength Training. USA: Human Kinetics.

Lubis, J. 2005. Plyometric Training. 24 februari 2016.

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

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