Social Support Role Model of Performance in Swimming Athlete:

A Self-confidence Mediator

Sugiyanto

, Agus Supriyanto

, Nur Indah Pangastuti

Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No.1 Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Performance, social support role model, self-confidence, swimming athlete.

Abstract: This study aims to examine the theoretical model of social support role to the performance of swimming

athletes through the mediator of self-confidence. The hypothesis of this research is the theoretical model

used to measure the athlete performance through self-confidence mediator with empirical data. The

population of this study included swimming athletes who joined the fun swimming championship 2019 in

Yogyakarta. Sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. Samples in this study were 30

athletes consisting of athlete in the age of 10-12 years old. The data were collected through scale and

documentation. The data were then analysed using SmartPLS program to test the suitability of the

measurement model with existing data in the field. The results showed Goodness of Fit (GoF) values of

0.271 which might be used as a model used to measure individual performance through self-confidence

mediator in accordance with empirical data. The test results showed that the social support role model was

direct, positive and significant to athlete’s performance and there was a significant role model of social

support for the employee through the mediator of self-confidence. In conclusion, the effects of social

support role model upon performance were therefore only apparent when the attention was focused on the

components of performance.

1 INTRODUCTION

Social support has a significant factor in maintaining

physical health and psychological health

(Malinauskas, 2008) (Holt & Hoar, 2006). Social

support or social interaction on positive outcomes,

represent a positive athlete social experience

(Bianco & Eklund, 2001). This support which may

come from coaches, teammates, family, friends, and

staff is considered to affect athletes’ cognitive,

emotional, and behavioural aspects in a positive

(Rees, 2007). Coaches, considered by their players

to provide high social support, have players who

perceived greater task cohesion in their teams

(Westre & Weiss, 1991). Perceived support plays a

significant role both for sport performance and for

psychological health outcomes, such as low levels of

burnout (Rees, 2007) (Rees & Freeman, 2010)

(Tsuchiya, 2012). As such, perceived support has

commonly been measured in research examining

social support within a sport context.

In addition, to the perception of social support,

more recently, researchers have moved their focus

onto an exchanged social support, which is called

received support. Received support is defined as the

actual receipt of social support reported by a

recipient (Rees, 2007). Received support has been

reported, mostly in the interviews with athletes, as a

significant factor in athletes’ self-confidence,

performance improvement, in dealing with negative

psychological states due to injury in competitive

stressors, and organizational stressors (Rees &

Freeman, 2010) (Hays, Maynard, Thomas, &

Bawden, 2007) (Carson & Polman 2012) (Weston &

Thelwell, Bond, & Hutching, 2009) (Kristiansen &

Roberts, 2010).

Confidence is a quality found in many aspects of

society. Recent research has shown that success has

affected the level of confidence in which can also

affect success. Elite athletes have revealed that

confidence affects their performance through their

thoughts, behaviour, and feelings (Hays, Maynard,

Thomas & Bawden, 2007). Subjective performance

and confidence were statistically significant and

Sugiyanto, ., Supriyanto, A. and Pangastuti, N.

Social Support Role Model of Performance in Swimming Athlete: A Self-conﬁdence Mediator.

DOI: 10.5220/0009798005790582

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 579-582

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

579

positively correlated (Bell & Poul, 2009). The world

of sport recognizes the importance that confidence

has on success (Cox, 2007).

The sources of sport confidence identified by the

athletes were categorised into nine global

dimensions representing preparation, performance

accomplishments, coaching, social support, innate

factors, experience, competitive advantage, trust and

self-awareness. The role of the coach in the form of

social support for the athlete is very important, in the

environment of swimming sports the reality on the

field of the coach becomes a central figure. One of

the functions of sport psychology over 80 years ago

was that experienced and successful coaches and

athletes be systematically studied for the purposes of

identifying the psychological principles they

employ, so that these principles can then be

disseminated to inexperienced and less successful

coaches and athletes. Few studies have explored

sport confidence in World Class sport performers;

although there is evidence to suggest that these

athletes derive confidence from mental and physical

training and performance accomplishments (Cox,

2007)

(Landy & Conte, 2007).

2 METHODS

The subject of this research is the swimming athletes

in Yogyakarta Special Region province, which

joined the Swimming Fun Championship 2019. The

total population of the swimming athlete is 78

people consisting of 33 males and 45 females from

12 swimming clubs. This present study employed

purposive sampling technique. The samples in this

study were 30 athletes consisting of athletes in the

age of 10 to 12 years old (FINA, 2017). Before

conducting further research, the participants were

first required to fill out a letter of willingness to be

involved in this research.

In this study, the data were collected through

instruments investigating athlete’s performance at

Swimming Fun Championship 2019, which then

included in data documentation by the researchers.

In addition, this research instrument also used both a

self-confidence scale and social support model for

collecting data. The questionnaire consists of 45

items divided into 21 items measuring social support

and 24 item concerning self-confidence. The

statement in the questionnaire include four choices

of answers, namely VA (very appropriate), A

(appropriate), NA (not appropriate), and VNA (very

inappropriate). The scoring system for each

statement is different. A favourable statement, the

answer score will move from number 4 for VA, 3 for

a, 2 for NA san 1 for VNA, whereas in the

unfavourable statement, the answer score will move

from number 1 for VA, 2 for A 3 for NA and 4 for

VNA.

All the statements in the questionnaire refer to

the variables in this research that is self-confidence

and social support model (Landy & Conte, 2007).

The aspects of social support refer to the theory put

forward by Landy and Conte (2007) including

appreciation, informative, emotional and

instrumental. Social support in this study is

expressed by the scale of social support. The higher

the score obtained by the subject, the higher the

social support. On the contrary, the lower the score

obtained by the subject, the lower the social support.

In addition, the aspects of self-confidence refer to

the theory put forward by Lauster (1992) which

includes optimism, confidence in one’s ability,

objective, consequence, rationality and reality. Self-

confidence in this study is expressed by the scale of

self-confidence. The higher the score obtained by

the subject, the higher the self-confidence. In

contrast, the lower the score obtained by the subject,

the lower the self-confidence. Meanwhile the

performance athlete used the result on 50 m and 100

m freestyle at swimming fun championship 2019.

After all the data were collected, they were

processed with descriptive statistical techniques

using SPSS 16 for windows program. Meanwhile for

the data analysis by using PLS (Partial Least Square)

in which the processing was done by Smart PLS 3.0

program to test suitability of measurement model

with existing data in field.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The data collected for the study were analysed using

SPSS 16 for Windows to get a general description of

the respondents’ data. Furthermore, to test the

suitability of measurement model with existing data

field will use SmartPLS program. The result of the

data is presented below.

Tabel 1: Result of composite reliability for self-confident,

social suport and performance

Cronbach’s

Alpha

Rho_A Composite

Reliabilit

AVE

Self-

confident

0.902 0.902 0.915 0.403

Social suport 0.951 0.949 0.956 0.548

Performance 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

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The research variable is considered reliable if the

composite reliability value is greater than 0.70.

Based on the above results note that all variables

have passed the reliability test.

Tabel 2: Result of Goodness of Fit (GoF)

Saturated Model Estimated Mo

SRMR 0.202 0.202

ULS 25.726 25.744

d_G 22.369 22.359

Chi-S

uare 1,868.841 1,869.480

NFI 0.271 0.271

The test results show the value of Goodness of

Fit (GoF) of 0.271, so it can be concluded that the

theoretical model that describes the role of social

support to the achievement of the athlete through the

mediator of self-confidence fit with the empirical

data. The results of data analysis are explained

below.

The influence of social support for athlete's

performance showed r = 0.767 with p-value = 0.000.

Meanwhile, based on the output of data analysis, the

estimation model of the social support has a

significant and positive effect on the self-confidence.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the model of

social support positively to the performance of

swimming athletes.

Similarly, the influence of self-confidence to

swimming athletes’ performance showed r = 0.538

with p-value = 0.000. Meanwhile, based on the

output of data analysis, the estimation of the role of

self-confidence positively and significantly

contributed to the performance of the athlete. Then,

it can be concluded that self-confidence positively

contributes to the performance of swimming athlete.

Likewise, the influence of social support to the

performance of swimming athlete through mediator

of self-confident resulted with r = 0.412 with p-value

= 0.000. Meanwhile, based on the output of data

analysis, the estimation of the influence of the

nurturing model positively and significantly

contributes to the performance of the athlete through

the mediator of self-confidence. Therefore, it can be

concluded that the model of social support plays a

positive role in the performance of the athlete

through the mediator of self-confidence.

From these results, it is indicated that the

variables of the study with the greatest influence is

self-confidence with r= 0.538.

4 CONCLUSION

The results show that the social support role model

plays a direct, positive and significant influence to

the performance of the athletes, and there is a

significant social support role model to the

performance of the athletes through the self-

confidence mediator. Social support positive has

been proven to improve the performance of the

swimming athletes. The coaches then must be alert

and aware of the level and manner of their

engagement so that the experience of their athletes

in the sport context will be positive. The researchers

also found that aquatic athletes rely on parental

support to be able to participate and develop their

sporting potential. With appropriate parenting

support, the athletes will gain achievement

motivation that will make him or her achieve

maximum performance. Based on the result of this

study, the appropriate model of social support is

appreciation in which the athletes will have

optimism, confidence in one's ability, objective,

consequence, rationality and reality. These

characteristics are the characteristics of self-

confidence that can determine the success of the

athlete to have maximum performance.

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PRSI

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2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

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