The Role of Trainer and Management of Sport Coaching

Achievements of Shorinji Kempo in Yogyakarta City

Bagus Riadi

, Endang Rini Sukamti

Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No. 1 Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Role of a trainer, Organisation, Planning training, Facilities, Achievements

Abstract: This research was conducted with the aim to find out more about the sport’s development of the Shorinji

Kempo in Yogyakarta and martial arts achievements, both in terms of the role of trainers, organisations,

implementation of training, facilities, and achievements achieved year after year. This present study

employed qualitative research methods. Participants in this study included three athletes, coaches, and

managers. Meanwhile, the data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, and

documentation. The results of this study showed that: 1) trainers have a vital role in the process of fostering

achievement, indicated by each having good abilities in the sport and having a training certificate/license; 2)

the function of the organisational structure is not in accordance with the basic standards of the organisation

of a sport; 3) the implementation of the exercise has been running according to the designed program; 4) the

facilities owned are quite complete but some need to be added and improved; and 5) the achievements

obtained are in a good category even if only limited to regional events.

1 INTRODUCTION

In modern life, humans cannot be separated from

sports, both as an arena of achievement and as a

need to maintain a healthy body condition.

Therefore, it is necessary to have efforts to improve

sports performance to a higher level and carry out

continuous training so that sports achievements can

be achieved. One sport that needs to be improved is

martial arts.

Martial art is an art that appears as a way for

someone to defend themselves. Martial arts include

a type of combative sport which means that fighting

sports involving full-body contact. One of the

famous martial arts in Japan is Shorinji Kempo, or

better known as Kempo. Shorinji Kempo is a martial

art sport that relies on self-defence techniques with

free hands, and uses self-defence methods that can

protect themselves from hardness (Ahmad, 2016).

One of the sports that shows success is Shorinji

Kempo’s martial arts branch. Kempo is a martial art

sport that always starts with evasive movements or

deflects attacks, rather than response. Avoiding

Kempo movement is enough to bend the opponent’s

body parts, or lock, if forced to do the destruction of

weak points in the form of kicks, elbows, punches,

and others. The main Shorinji Kempo organisation

in the World is WSKO (World Shorinji Kempo

Organisation), while the main organisation of

Shorinji Kempo in Indonesia PERKEMI

(Persaudaraan Beladiri Kempo Indonesia).

The two techniques in the Shorinji Kempo

include: 1) soft technique or juho which is an

avoidance technique, bend and lock the opponent's

body; and 2) hard technique or goho in the form of

kicks, punches, punishment, etc. (Kurniawan, 2012).

The divisions of the matches in Shorinji Kempo are

called embu (harmony technique), and randori

(individual fights). In randori match, the winner is

based on the flat techniques that hard contact to the

target. There are two targets in randori, namely head

and body protector (Timbul Thomas Lubis, 2008).

Anyone can learn, regardless of gender or age, and

can utilize this technique. For now, Kempo’s martial

arts in the Yogyakarta city became the spotlight by

other areas. Considering the achievements that they

gained in the international championships and the

many events that were joined, Kempo was always

superior to both junior and senior matches. It is not

detached from the role of coaches as well as good

and structured coaching systems.

598

Riadi, B. and Sukamti, E.

The Role of Trainer and Management of Sport Coaching Achievements of Shorinji Kempo in Yogyakarta City.

DOI: 10.5220/0009798505980602

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 598-602

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

Physical condition is one of the determining

factors to the success of athletes. The whole unity of

the components is inseparable, both the increase and

the maintenance. A physical component that is

indispensable by a flat-body branch is durability,

strength, and explosive power (Fenanlampir &

Muhyi Faruq, 2015).

Besides the physical condition components,

techniques and aspects of psychology of the athlete

itself, success is also not detached from parents and

caretaker support. Without the support from one of

them, it feels that it is difficult to obtain success.

Participation in the sport is also positively able to

improve the quality of relationships between parents

and children based on aspects of trust and

communication (Sukys, Lisinskiene & Tilindiene,

2015).

Surely the role of a trainer is also an important

part of this, always providing support both in terms

of technical and psychological aspects. Because

without coaches there will be no emergence of a

champion. Proper training of athletes is also able to

improve the performance of athletes (Chuan, Yusof,

& Shah, 2013), which ultimately affects their

achievement. Besides, athletes guided by coaches

who earn a certificate in sports programs have better

personal and social skills compared to athletes

guided by coaches who do not get training

(MacDonald, Cote, & Deakin, 2010). The effort to

optimize the achievement of an athlete is influenced

by how the implementation and training programs

are given, which is guided by the principles of good

practice and appropriate in its essence.

The importance of a management is implemented

in an organisation, because it is essentially a limited

human ability (physical, knowledge, time, and

attention) while its needs are not limited (Hasibuan,

2009). Efforts to meet the needs and limited ability

to do the work encourage human beings to divide

work, duties and responsibilities. With this division

of work, duty, and responsibility, the difficult and

hard work will be resolved properly and the

objectives can be achieved. While the weakness of

management itself is the occurrence of misuse of

position (duplicate positions), the system is too

complicated that it takes a long time to do so, and

often corruption occur in an organisation under a

guided management system. Based on the

explanation above, researchers are interested to

identify how the role of the trainer, implementation

of training, organisation, facilities and

infrastructures that exist in the sports, and the events

that exist in the field to deliver the expressions to

peak achievements.

2 METHOD

This is a qualitative study. Qualitative research is a

study that intends to understand the phenomenon of

what is experienced by the research subject, for

example: attitudes, perception, motivation, sleep and

others; and by way of description in words and

language, a special context that is natural and by

utilizing various natural methods (Barlian, 2016).

Qualitative research was chosen because the

research was orientated to explore deeper problems

(Creswell, 2007). The qualitative approach used in

this study is phenomenology to get the essence of

the trainer’s experience in building athletes’

achievements. Research using qualitative methods is

conducted through observation, interviews, and

documentation.

3 DATA SOURCES

The primary data in this study were gained from

three respondents consisting of coaches, managers,

athletes, parents, and martial arts of Yogyakarta city.

They were interviewed with open questions, and

were observed with direct observation. While

secondary data is obtained from the data

documentation obtained from data collection.

4 RESULTS

4.1 Role of Coach

Achieving an achievement is not easy because

before the athletes join the game, there are many

preparations to be done both by athletes and

coaches. A trainer is a person who has the

professional ability to help develop potential

athletes into real-life abilities optimally in a

relatively short period (Sukadiyanto, 2005). What

the trainer needs to prepare is to first look at the

championship calendar that the athletes will

participate. For example, the events between clubs,

or national events; and then the trainer prepares

suitable exercises so that athletes can play well in

those matches.

The personality of the coach can also help shape

the personality of the athlete he has trained. The

trainer must be aware that he or she can influence

the development of the character and personality of

the athletes, especially young athletes. This

influence can be positive and negative; and can

The Role of Trainer and Management of Sport Coaching Achievements of Shorinji Kempo in Yogyakarta City

599

improve or damage (Hadi, 2011). Therefore, the

trainer needs to know his or her own personality,

strengths, weaknesses, motives, desires, and

encouragement.

Similarly, with the construction in the

Yogyakarta city, coaches certainly have an

important role in this, always provide support both

in terms of technical and psychological aspects. The

appropriate coaching method is also able to

positively impact the performance and achievement

of the athletes (Chuan, Yusof, & Shah, 2013). The

existing trainers have been equipped with enough

experience and have obtained a certificate in sports

programs. These conditions certainly have a

significant impact on the development of athletes.

They have better personal and social abilities than

coaches who do not get training (MacDonald, Cote,

& Deakin, 2010).

The following table contains the name of the

trainers and the specifications that are incorporated

in the organisation of the Training Centre of Sports

branch of the martial arts Kempo Yogyakarta.

Table 1. Profile of research respondents

Name

Darundyo

Ossa

Candra

Paulus

Bagus

Riadi

Sex

Men

Age

Level

5DAN

2DAN

1DAN

Certificate

√

Duration

trainer

28 year

15 year

5 year

2 year

From the results of the study, the trainers who

were given the responsibility to train athletes were

trainers who had good abilities in sports. Each of

them had a training certificate or license. They also

had a trainer license issued by a coach, a regional

coach license, a national trainer, and a national

referee certificate. Besides, they were also former

national athletes.

4.2 Organisation

An organisation that is considered to be good is the

one that has the following characteristics: 1) has

clear objectives, 2) has goals that must be

understood and accepted by each member, 3) has

unity of direction and unity of the government, 4)

has the division of tasks and balanced between

authority and responsibility, 5) has simple

organisational structure and permanent

organisational pattern, 6) has a guarantee of position

and reciprocity of services given accordingly, and 7)

place people according to their expertise (Harsuki,

2012).

The organisational structure of the management

at Shorinji Kempo Yogyakarta consists of only three

managers. Ideally, to carry out management

functions in an organisation it is necessary to carry

out its duties such as planning, organizing and

supervision. Although its management has not used

the service period, the human resources that were

joined are still lacking so that there were

administrators who sometimes did others’ job,

worked with each other and helped for the

achievement of common goals each member instils.

Organisers and trainers always communicated and

coordinated about the training program, athlete’s

condition and athlete’s achievements.

4.3 Facilities

The facilities were already complete enough, but

some were getting damaged and needed to be added.

Ideally the needs of facilities and infrastructures

needed to pay attention to two factors: 1) quality,

and 2) quantity. The facilities and infrastructures

should be successful supporting the success factor of

sports coaching, which should be available for every

effort to improve performance as a main purpose of

sports coaching (Muslimin & Hidayat, 2016). The

following lists were the facilities and infrastructure

owned by the organisation:

a. Sports Hall Kridosono which is rented annually;

b. one set of mattresses amounted to 64 pieces;

c. six sets of body protectors;

d. two pieces of target kicks;

e. two pieces of target punch;

f. one piece of standard punch bag; and

g. four pieces of hand gloves and head protector.

4.4 Exercise Practices

In drafting a training program, coaches created

programs and were approved by their fellow coaches

and managers. Then, they prepared athletes for a

one-year period by looking at the competition in one

year and dividing it into several phases, which

included the adaptation phase, general preparation,

special preparation, pre-competition preparation and

competition.

The training method they used was a fun method

where athletes were given a variety of exercises so

as not to be saturated with the exercises given.

Examples of exercises given to athletes were weight

training on the hands and feet. Then, they took as

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

600

many kicks and punches as determined by the 50 left

and 50 right coaches. Meanwhile the principle

applied by the coach to his athletes was the principle

of awareness and honesty in training. Therefore, if

there was an absence of athlete, the coaches kept

training other athletes with the existing training

program.

The practice was conducted five times a week at

the stage of coaching or concentration training for

matches, with a duration of approximately two hours

for each practice. The frequency of training

depended on the ability of the athlete as a whole. In

addition, the better the athlete’s achievement ability,

the more frequency of exercise that could be

increased regularly (Letzelter in Syafruddin, 2011).

In general, it might be said that the training program

is good enough.

Evaluation in the making of an exercise program

was carried out every time from the match or a try-

out. However, for technical training, they conducted

evaluations in every week. In addition, the trainer

also applied the most important motivation for the

athlete, namely intrinsic motivation, or motivation

from within himself not from the coach. Because

after all the trainer provided various forms of

variations in the exercise if there was no motivation

in the athlete, then it would never get good results.

4.5 Achievement of Athletes

Yogyakarta

The achievements of Shorinji Kempo Yogyakarta

athletes might be categorised into the good category.

This could be seen from the results of achievements

over the past few years, for example athletes that

have been able to win the POMDA event and the

Yogyakarta City Championship held in 2018.

PERKEMI of Yogyakarta City also successfully

won the overall PORDA from 2009 to 2012.

However, there were not many national-scale

events that have been joined due to funding

problems. At present PERKEMI of Yogyakarta City

is determined to return the overall title of PORDA

which will be held at the end of 2019.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Coaches have a vital role in the performance

coaching process. Almost every movement of the

coach will always be observed by his students and

the community. Especially young athletes often

identify themselves with behaviour. Their attitude,

style and manner of speaking often duplicate the

coaches’. Therefore, a good appearance and attitude

must always be reflected in every coach. The coach

must be a dynamic individual, who can lead and

provide motivation to foster the athletes’

performance.

The existing organisational structure functions

were not following the basics of a sports

organisation’s standards. It might be seen by the

formulation of an organisational structure consisting

of only three administrators, namely the chairperson,

secretary, and treasurer. Funding in management

was also an important problem that must be resolved

so that the management could complete the training

to improve performance.

Implementation of the exercise has been running

following the program designed, both in the

preparation of the training program, the training

methods used and the preparation of the training

schedule have followed the guidelines for making an

exercise program. The phases and stages preparation

included the adaptation phase, general preparation,

special preparation, pre-competition preparation, and

competition.

The facilities were already good enough but

there were still some parts that needed to be added

and equipped to optimize the existing training

programs. It was considered that facilities were also

important for the creation of an achievement.

The achievements have already been in the

categories both at the regional and national levels.

The closest target of the management and coach is to

become the champion of PORDA DIY in 2019.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author would like to thank all those involved

and contributing to this research study. The author

also thanked all the colleagues from the Faculty of

Sports Science at the Postgraduate Program,

Yogyakarta State University.

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2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

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