The Status of Young Soccer Players’ Motor Abilities Performance

Herwin

1,2

, Moch Asmawi

, Achmad Sofyan Hanif

Jakarta State University, Post Graduate Program, Jakarta, Indonesia;

Yogyakarta State University, Faculty of Sports Science, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keyword: Soccer, basic movement, motor abilities performance, talented athlete development

Abstract: The aim of this research was to describe the status of young soccer players’ motor performance abilities

(MPA) as an effort to improve their soccer skills. Like other techniques, motor performance abilities (MPA)

including basic movements like walking, slow running or jogging, fast running in short area, turning, stopping

then moving in different direction, hoping, jumping, accelerating and decelerating is important in soccer

field. The MPA of every talented player must be trained time to time progressively. Motor abilities like

strength, endurance, speed, agility, coordination, flexibility and balance are needed as complement

techniques. An appropriate touch is needed when dribbling, receiving and controlling, passing and shooting

the balls in soccer. In this case, this MPA is needed to develop soccer skills through trainings and matches.

The sample as the participants in this study included all prospective athletes through the talented athletes’

selection in 2018 in Yogyakarta and they were chosen through total sampling. A descriptive quantitative

analysis was used to describe a role of MPA components to develop soccer skills. The findings of this research

showed that MPA status of young soccer players can be described as integrated training of soccer skills. The

data of MPA young soccer players’ status were detected and evaluated by observations and measured through

tests. The MPA test could be used to maintain or increase the players’ skills, which can be designed for

different age group players.

1 INTRODUCTION

Learning or training process experienced by athletes

is continuously conducted in order to improve the

ability of athletes. This process is done through giving

materials adapted to the stages of learning. There are

three synergistic relationships which are interrelated

and correspondent to each other. They are called

learning domains instructed by the trainers. Those

learning domains include cognitive, psychomotor and

affective which must be comprehensive and

integrated.

The relationship between the three will be

experienced by individuals with different successes

from one another. This is greatly influenced by the

ability of each individual. In this case, the individual

speed is very dependent on which domains are easier

to accept based on their respective readiness. This is

very influential on the length of time spent on the

training process and the results to be achieved by

individuals. Likewise in sports that have more

orientation to motor abilities, they are strongly

influenced by the innate of each individual. Students

or athletes as individuals are not passive but have an

active role to implement the instruction model given

by the instructor in sports called a trainer or coach.

This really depends on how the individual is prepared

to experience the process of training or practicing.

The training process will provide role and

responsibility to each individual so that they must

always be prepared to prove accountability to succeed

in a particular training model. Regarding the

readiness of individuals to learn depends on how they

are capable as an individual and are able to follow

safe and responsible directions.

2 MOTOR ABILITIES

Physical abilities which are known scientifically are

motor abilities, which in terms of motor learning are

the basis of the movement of athletes to carry out all

the activities of the sport that is followed. Various

sports have specific needs for motion abilities in the

form of physical abilities (as known as motor

abilities). The specificity in question is adapted to the

Herwin, H., Asmawi, M. and Sofyan Hanif, A.

The Status of Young Soccer Players’ Motor Abilities Performance.

DOI: 10.5220/0009798706030609

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 603-609

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

603

needs of movement in each sport. Team sports will

require different movement abilities from those of

individual sports. Environment, equipment, and the

surface of the field will also affect the need for such

motion in sports.

Branches of individual sports, teams and game

sports especially need factors that determine the need

for mobility and success in coaching sports, both

internal (from the player or athlete) and external

(derived from the influence and support of the sport).

The factors that determine success can be in the form

of: motor abilities, techniques, tactics, mental,

psychomotor, anthropometry, motivation, nutrition,

genetics and other factors (support of parents, friends

and viewers and the community).

Motor abilities needed to support learning skills

as motor competence. Motor competence, as a global

term relating to development and performance of

human movement, has been defined as relating to

proficiency in fundamental motor skills (i.e.,

locomotors and object control skills) (Stoden, et al,

2014). Thus, the term motor skill competence (MSC),

as referenced in this paper, refers to competence in

selected object control and locomotors skill

performance. Specific context experiences including

practice, instruction, and structured training are

critical for the acquisition of these types of skills as

they do not “naturally” develop over time (Stoden, et

al, 2014).

Motor skills are strongly associated with

psychomotor factors and complementary between the

need for movement ability and motion behavior that

is needed by each individual in their respective sports.

Motor abilities elements will be able to run and be

able to do their activities well if supported by good

motion behavior too; and vice versa.

Jalilvand (2015) stresses that to develop

adaptations towards positive transfers from the

influence of training, the principle of dynamic

correspondence needs to be applied. Athletic training

is not as simple as lifting weight. There is an inherent

relationship between biomechanical, physiological,

and psychological factors during the exercise. It is

intended that the role of each factor will support and

strengthen each other during the ongoing training

process, and even have a positive influence on each

other.

Body composition has an important role in

playing soccer (Enemark-Miller, Seegmiller, and

Rana, 2009; Gil, Gil, and Ruiz, et al., 2007). Since in

soccer lots of physical contacts occur and many

movements and skills are involved, a high level of

physical demand is required which involves kicking,

short sprinting, throwing, catching, trapping, etc

(Hoff, 2005; Reilly, 2005). Moreover, since soccer

players have to cover a big area in the ground during

attacks and defenses, the game demands for aerobic

fitness as well as anaerobic one (Reilly, 2005;

Popadic Gacesa, Barak, and Grujic, 2009). A high

number of accelerations and decelerations associated

with a large number of changes in direction of play

create an additional load to the muscles involved.

Therefore, just those players, who are suited to cope

with these demands, reach elite levels (Reilly, 2005;

Miller, Thierry-Aguilera, Congleton JJ, et al. 2007).

The intermittent high intensity pattern of activity

during matches requires a high function of both

aerobic and anaerobic energy delivery pathways

(Impellizzeri, Marcora, Castagna , et al. 2006;

Venturelli, Bishop, Pettene, 2008). Moreover, power

and strength have great impacts over the game which

is required during sprinting and in execution of

various skills with the ball (Hoff, 2005; Reilly, 2005).

Biomotor abilities are the foundations of ability

of an individual to perform an exercise–strength,

endurance, speed, coordination, flexibility and agility

(Manikandan, S. 2016). Motor abilities are abilities in

human activities that are influenced by organ systems

in humans, in the form of the neuromuscular system

(nerve), digestion, breathing, blood circulation,

muscular, bones, and joints. Furthermore, the quality

of the motor abilities is very necessary to support or

facilitate the development of training processes that

will be applied to every sport, including soccer. The

term biomotor is closely related to motor abilities

which human needs as living and moving beings.

Therefore, the uses of the two terms are very close

and even interchangeably. Sukadiyanto (2010) states

that biomotor components are influenced by energy

fitness and muscle fitness. Energy fitness includes

aerobic and anaerobic capacities, while muscular

fitness includes strength, endurance, speed, explosive

power or power, flexibility

Motor performance abilities, in many years have

been viewed as a multidimensional construct

consisting of such specific components as endurance,

strength, coordination, and flexibility. In addition, it

became obvious that the dimensionality of motor

performance abilities (MPA) is not the same for

different target groups as team sports (Lämmle, Lena,

et al., 2010). In this study, the level of motor

performance ability (MPA) is closer to the game

support movement like dribbling, passing, ball

controlling, and shooting. The force of techniques

depends on how the players push the ball with

strength and how far the distance of other players

stand up to receive the ball. Every technique needs

some aspects like strength, speed, power, endurance,

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

604

agility, coordination, balance, flexibility, and

accuracy which have different portion to learn.

Therefore, MPA can help young players learn how to

pass to other players in the right way, etc. When the

players keep the ball and try to shoot the ball to the

goal, they can kick the ball powerfully or less

powerfully. The players can use feeling touch on one

of the MPA components like soft strength while

shooting by placing the ball far away from the

goalkeeper. Flexibility and balance as MPA

components should be used to maintain the body

shape when shooting the ball. Like this shooting

technique, dribbling, receiving and controlling, and

passing the ball can be done well if the players can

apply the MPA components accurately. As a result,

the players especially the young ones, must train the

MPA and techniques separately in the training

program. The weakness on the MPA components

must be trained as a priority.

Another research has shown that 12 weeks of

speed, agility and quickness (SAQ) training had

positive effects on speed and agility on SAI East

football players. All football players improved their

performance significantly in post test with due respect

to pre test on speed and agility. The result revealed

that SAQ training is an important factor for the

improvement of soccer players (Toppo and Tirkey,

2014). They also confirm Bloomfield et al.’s (2007)

viewpoint that the SAQ regimen is an important

training method for the improvement of speed and

quickness. Furthermore, Toppo and Tirkey, (2014)

concluded that SAQ training has positive effect on

soccer players on selected motor abilities (speed and

agility). However, a great deal of planning is needed

to create an appropriate and effective SAQ program.

Another study showed that the importance of

developing high levels of lower-body strength to

enhance sprint and jump performance of young

soccer players, with stronger athletes demonstrating

superior sprint and jump performances (Comfort, et

al., 2013).

Soccer is characterized as a high intensity,

intermittent contact team sport that requires a number

of proficient physical and physiological capabilities

to perform successfully (Turner and Stewart, 2014).

In soccer, strength and other aspects of MPA will

support the lack of individual movement abilities and

techniques. The motion abilities in question are

adjusted to movement which often occurs in the field

and the basic motion needs of each sport. Kapidžić,

Ismaili, and Ervin (2010) conducted a study on Basic

motor abilities: predictive value on the situational test

results in 12-14 years old soccer players. The main

aim of this study was to determine the impact of the

predictive system of variables (basic motor ability)

against the criterion set of variables (situational motor

ability). The analysis of the obtained results showed

that the applied basic motor variables are dominantly

responsible for achieving better results in players'

situational motor abilities. In this study it was

detected the abilities which have most influence on

improving results in tests of situational motor

abilities. This information can contribute to more

efficient means of selecting exercises that would be

applied in training program of young players.

On top all of these, the process of selecting

candidates for soccer players or athletes is conducted

to find individuals who have abilities above the group

average or standard of motion that has been

determined. Every part of skills or techniques need

some phases to follow, like fun phase, train phase,

win the game phase in competitive training.

Therefore, soccer can develop and explore

differences style or method time to time.

The ability to move in soccer games is needed,

among others; the movement of walking, tiptoeing,

running slowly, medium, and fast, and the ability of

agility, flexibility, balance and good coordination.

Other movements are in the form of simultaneous

rotating movements and sudden stops (acceleration

and deceleration). Besides that, to resist the impact of

your opponent (body contact) in an attempt to seize

the ball (intercept) it takes strength, speed and power.

Other motion abilities are how a player is able to play

consistently for a long time according to the time of

soccer game 2 x 45 minutes (can be extended with an

additional time of 2 times 15 minutes). Therefore, it

can be concluded that soccer players are expected to

have good mobility for 2 times 60 minutes. Then, for

senior players, the training needs to be done with a

minimum training time of 2 to 3 hours. This is needed

The Status of Young Soccer Players’ Motor Abilities Performance

605

as part of the principle of practice, namely anatomical

adaptation (AA) so that players become accustomed

to the various situations faced in the field for 2 times

45 minutes or 2 times 60 minutes (including extra

time 2 x 15 minutes).

The soccer game is very modern now, both from

more complete development of basic motor skills,

which is expected to be able to complete the

techniques and tactics on the field which eventually

became the best skills supported by a high mentality.

Modern soccer games involve two teams attacking

each other with the intensity of the game from

medium to high. Perception in developing strategy

games requires players with the best quality players

from all elements of the game. Players must be able

and understand the coach's desire to work in the field

according to the scenario as a strategy to win a match.

Every movement of teammates and opponents is

always watched carefully so that the attack and

defense process can run well.

As a sport with open skill category games, soccer

is played with a pattern of playing against each other

and defending to win the game. Characteristics of

soccer play have open skill qualifications, so it is

necessary to have the ability to move (complete motor

abilities to deal with and overcome various situations

and conditions for each change that occurs on the

field. The movement of friends when mastering the

ball will always move and change at any time, so that

it requires the support of other teammates to provide

support both in an empty area of the front area and the

behind whose function is to provide support at any

time needed. As the opponent controls the ball, the

movement will always be monitored including the

possible direction of the ball as well as the movement

of the opponents who always move and change with

high mobility. This monitor requires complex motion

and communication between teammates. For these

needs, soccer players really need the right and good

mobility, all of which can be improved and developed

only through programmed, systematic and

sustainable training in accordance with the principles

of good trainings.

3 METHOD

This research used the quantitative approaches and

made a descriptive analysis based on motor

performance abilities; namely to confirm the status

between the factors that determine the ability of

motion in soccer games. The purpose of conducting

component analysis is to find out the role of the

dominant in explaining the most influential variables

in soccer games.

3.1 Participants

The population and sample in this study were 189

prospective athletes of the Talented Athletes

Development (TAD) selection process in

Yogyakarta. All of the selection participants of TAD

were 189 students with the age U<15 and all used to

confirm their significance in determining the needs

for motor performance abilities tests and practices in

soccer games, then compiled in the form of

reinforcement of young soccer players’ skills based

on motor performance abilities or MPA.

3.2 Instruments

3.2.1 Anthropometry

The data collection was carried out by conducting

tests and direct measurement of all factors that have

been determined as dominating factors in the soccer

sports. These factors include anthropometric

measurements (height, weight, and sitting height).

3.2.2 Motor Performance Abilities

The MPA test in this study included speed, flexibility,

strength (abdominal and arm muscles), leg power and

cardiovascular endurance.

The results of the test and measurement data

analysis were in the form of a description of statistical

data, by testing the correlation, validity, reliability,

and different test groups of TAD for each variable.

The description of the data contains the minimum and

maximum value, the mean value and the standard

deviation of the number of subjects of this study.

Validity and reliability tests were carried out by

correlating the data of each subject factor with the

overall factor average. In order to do correlation and

test the statistical analysis easily, the equations were

made; that is to make the equivalent data for each

factor became T-score.

4 DESCRIPTION OF

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

The following are the results of tests and

measurements of 189 subjects who were candidates

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

606

for TAD athletes throughout the Special Region of

Yogyakarta conducted on February 25, 2018 at

Amongrogo Sports Hall of Yogyakarta and at the

Mandala Krida stadium in Yogyakarta for the field

tests.

Participants in TAD selection 2018 DIY were

tested based on the selection of following athletes'

positions: 28 goalkeepers; 33 fullbacks; 19

wingbacks; 91 midfielders; and 18 strikers or

forwards; as shown in the table below.

Table 1. Position of players

POSITION

GK BACK WB MF FW N

N 28 33 19 91 18 189

% 14,81 17,46 10,05

48,15

9,52 100

Analysis of the chosen positions; there are 28

subjects choosing positions as goalkeepers, 52

subjects as defenders (both fullback and wingback),

91 subjects as midfielders, and 18 subjects as

forwards (strikers).

Anthropometric measurements are one of the

important parts of the sport, although measurements

are only made on three dimensions, namely height,

weight, and height sitting. The test was used to

measure the body height, weight, sitting height of

TAD athletes in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

This test used an area that can be adjusted to the

number of athletes. The test was carried out at

Amongrogo Sports Hall of Yogyakarta. The test

participants were 189 students from five districts or

cities in DIY.

The test results of the Height, Weight, and Sitting

Height are as follows:

Table 2. Height, Weight, and Sitting Height

n Min Max Average SD

Height

189 125 179 159.34 9.96774

Weight

189 25 82.7 49.49 10.8323

Height

sitting

189 62.5 107 92.36 7.04334

The test used to measure the flexibility of

prospective TAD athletes in the Special Region of

Yogyakarta was the flexibility test (sit and reach

modification test). This test used a field area that can

be adjusted to the number of athletes. The test was

carried out at Amongrogo Sports Hall of Yogyakarta.

The test participants were 189 students from five

districts in DIY.

The test results of Flexibility Test were as follows:

Table 3. Flexibility Test Results

N Min Max average SD

189 3 28 14.17 5.640303

The test used to measure speed of TAD athletes in

the Special Region of Yogyakarta was a 30 meter

short sprint running test according to the needs in the

field. This test used a field with a track length of at

least 30 meters and a minimum width of 1 meter

which can be adjusted to the number of athletes. The

test was carried out at Amongrogo Yogyakarta of

Sports Hall. The test participants were 189 students

from five districts or cities in DIY.

The test results and graphs are as follows:

Table 4. Speed Test Results

n Min Max average SD

189 3.39 7.03 4.71 0.386936

The test used to measure the ability of abdominal

muscle strength in TAD athletes in the Special

Region of Yogyakarta was sit up test. This test used a

field that can be adjusted to the number of athletes.

The test was carried out at Amongrogo Sports Hall of

Yogyakarta. The test participants were 189 students

from five districts or cities in DIY.

The test results of Stomach Muscle Strength Test

(sit up test) were as follows:

Table 5. Stomach Muscle Strength Test Results (sit up test)

N Min Max average SD

189 32 88 56.14 11.10535

The test used to measure the arm muscle strength

of TAD athletes in the Special Region of Yogyakarta

was a push up test. This test used a field that can be

adjusted to the number of athletes. The test was

carried out at Amongrogo Yogyakarta Sports Hall.

The test participants were 189 students from five

districts or cities in Yogyakarta Special Province.

The test results of Arm Muscle Strength Test were as

follows:

Table 10. Arm Muscle Strength Test Results (push up test)

N Min Max average SD

189 14 85 47.57 12.54585

The Status of Young Soccer Players’ Motor Abilities Performance

607

The test used to measure the vertical jump of the

TAD of Yogyakarta Special Region was the vertical

jump test. This test used a field that can be adjusted

to the number of athletes. The test was carried out at

Amongrogo Sports Hall of Yogyakarta. The test

participants were 189 students from five districts or

cities in DIY.

The test results of Leg Power Test were as

follows:

Table 11. Leg Power Test Results (vertical jump test)

N Min Max average SD

189 5 83 44.39 10.24076

The test used to measure endurance abilities of

TAD in the Special Region of Yogyakarta was the

multistage fitness test (MSFT) test. This test used a

field with a track length of at least 20 meters and a

minimum width of 1 meter which can be adjusted to

the number of athletes. The test was carried out at

Amongrogo Sports Hall of Yogyakarta. The test

participants were 189 students from five districts or

cities in DIY.

The test results of Endurance Test were as

follows:

Table 12. Endurance Test Results using MSFT

Marks

MSFT

(level,

shuttle)

Vo2max

min 5.2 30.192

max 12.7 56.142

average 8.91 43.03

SD 1.460421 5.053057

Analysis results were 92 subjects below the

average, with the lowest level of 5.2 and the highest

level of 8.9. with Vo2max of 30.19 mmol/kg at the

lowest and 42.99 mmol/kg at the highest and 96

subjects above the average, with the lowest level of

9.1 and the highest level of 12.7. with the lowest

Vo2max of 41.69 mmol/kg and the highest of 56.14

mmol/kg.

5 RESULTS

The test of the motor performance abilities of

potential athletes in the TAD DIY 2018 was held

simultaneously with the same test and measurement

forms. For this reason, it is needed to know the

difference between motor skills of prospective

athletes. The following are the results of a statistical

descriptive analysis of the potential athletes in soccer.

Importantly, a recent meta-analysis indicated that

school- and community-based programs which

include developmentally appropriate fundamental

motor skill learning experiences delivered by

physical education specialists are a critical medium

for the development of the youth motor competences.

To improve the skills of a soccer player, it should

be known the determination of motor performance

abilities (MPA) in every technique (e.g. dribbling,

passing, shooting, ball control, etc.). What is the

term? How to do it? When should it be done? etc.

Soccer is divided into categories such as high-speed

movements, acceleration, maximum speed or agility

skills. The velocity in soccer is defined as the

velocity, the rate of reaction and the rate of

acceleration in the first stage. All of these categories

(speed, agility and quickness) imply that the method

of education should be a useful component of training

in soccer.

Soccer is a sport that includes repetitive strong

movement such as kicking, sprinting, fighting and

jumping. Abilities of the players were to sprint, the

height and distance of the jump, such as the force of

performance, etc. It has been shown that there is a

positive correlation to the development of

performances. Soccer is divided into categories such

as high-speed movements, acceleration, maximum

speed or agility skills. The velocity in soccer is

defined as the velocity, the rate of reaction and the

rate of acceleration in the first stage.

This study showed that MPA status of young

soccer players can be described to soccer skills

integrated in training. Through data of MPA status of

young soccer players’ skills can be detected and

evaluated by observation and used a test and

measurement. The MPA test could be used to

maintain the player ability or to increase their skills,

which can be designed for different age group

players.

6 DISCUSSION

Young soccer players should be trained very

carefully, because they are in growth and

development phase. Consequently, coach and parent

must be intense to give attention in training and after

training. Control function as a big snow to monitor

what skill the players have got. Soccer skills are more

complex and must be trained step by step using

correct training program. Every technique should be

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

608

trained individually. The coach must focus to every

player, what techniques have been taught and trained.

Motor abilities as given to every player as a talent

must be trained time to time for many years. Motor

abilities like strength, endurance, speed, agility,

coordination, flexibility and balance are needed as

complement techniques. An appropriate touch is

needed when dribbling, receiving and controlling,

passing and shooting. MPA were needed to develop

skills in training and match. As an individual, a player

should possess a complete skill which is supported by

MPA. The MPA can improve integrated skills step by

step as continuous training in many years.

Soccer skills can be detected and evaluated by

observation and take a test and measurement. The

MPA test could be used to maintain the player ability

or to increase their skills. Finally, it can be designed

for different age group players.

REFERENCES

A. Pearson. Speed, Agility and Quickness for Soccer.

London: A & C Black Press, 2001.

Alp, Mahmut and Baydemir, Barış, 2019, The Effects of

Quick Strength Training on Agility Performance in

Soccer, Universal Journal of Educational Research

7(4): 1001-1006, 2019, DOI: 10.13189/ujer.

2019.070411. http://www.hrpub.org.

Bloomfield, J., Polman, R., O’ Donoghue, P, and

McNaughton, L, 2007, Effective speed and agility

conditioning methodology for random intermittent

dynamic type sports, The Journal of Strength

and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1093-1100.

Bös, K, 1987, Handbuch Sportmotorischer Tests,

[Handbook of Sport-motor

Tests] Hogrefe, Göttingen.

Comfort, et al., 2013: 173. Relationships Between Strength,

Sprint, and Jump Performance In Well-Trained Youth

Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning

Research 2013 National Strength and Conditioning

Association. Volume 28(1)/173–177.

nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 23542878/cited April 10, 2019.

Jalilvand, Farzad, 2015, Development of Biomotor Abilities

For Soccer, Granada Hills Charter High School:

National Strength & Conditioning Association Journal,

cited February 2015.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274958213/

cited Dec 30, 2018.

Kapidžić, A., Ismaili, H., and Ervin, B. 2010. Basic motor

abilities: predictive value on the situational test results

in 12-14 years old soccer players. Serbian Journal of

Sports Sciences, Volume 4 (2). 61-67. Serbia: Sports

academy.

Lämmle, Lena, et al, 2010, A Two-Level Model Of Motor

Performance Ability, J.Exerc Sci Fit, Vol 8, No 1, 41–

49, 2010.

Manikandan, S. 2016. Impact Of Soccer Training On Speed

Performance Among Coastal and Non-Coastal Soccer

Players International Journal Of Physical Education,

Yoga and Health Sciences (IJPEYHS). Vol.3, Issue-1,

February 2016. 79-80

Metzler, Michael W, 2011, Instructional Models For

Physical Education, Third Edition. Scottsdale, Arizona:

Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers, p26.

Sukadiyanto, 2010, Introduction to Physical Training

Theory and Methodology, Yogyakarta, FIK UNY.

Toppo, Santosh and Tirkey, Basant, 2014, Effect of SAQ

Training On Selected Motor Abilities of SAI East

Football Players Between 15-18 Years, International

Journal Of Multidisciplinary Educational Research,

ISSN: 2277-7881, Volume 3, Issue 9(1), September

2014.

Turner, Anthony N., and Stewart, Perry F. .2014. Strength

and Conditioning for Soccer Players. Strength and

Conditioning Journal | www.nsca-scj.com. VOLUME

36 (4). AUGUST 2014. https://www.researchgate.net/

publication/264457787.

Stodden, David F., Gao, Zan, Goodway Jacqueline D., and

Langendorfer, Stephen J., 2014, Dynamic Relationships

Between Motor Skill Competence and Health-Related

Fitness in Youth, Pediatric Exercise Science, 2014, 26,

2014 Human Kinetics, Inc.

V. Gambetta. In a blur: How to develop sport-specific

speed. Sports Coach 19(3), 22-24, 1996.

Hoff J. Training and testing physical capacities for elite

soccer players. J Sports Sci. 2005;23:573-82.

Reilly T. An Ergonomics model of the soccer training

process. J Sports Sci. 2005;6:561-72.

Enemark-Miller EA, Seegmiller JG, Rana SR.

Physiological profile of women's Lacrosse players. J

Strength Cond Res.

2009;23:39-43.

Gil SM, Gil J, Ruiz F, et al. Physiological and

anthropometric characteristics of young soccer players

according to their playing position: relevance for the

selection process. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21:438-

45.

Popadic Gacesa JZ, Barak OF, Grujic NG. Maximal

anaerobic power test in athletes of different sport

disciplines. J

Strength Cond Res. 2009;23:751-5.

Miller TA, Thierry-Aguilera R, Congleton JJ, et al.

Seasonal changes in VO2max among Division 1A

collegiate women

soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21:48-51.

Impellizzeri FM, Marcora SM, Castagna C, et al.

Physiological and performance effects of generic

versus specific

aerobic training in soccer players. Int J Sports Med.

2006;27:483-92.

Venturelli M, Bishop D, Pettene L. Sprint training in

preadolescent soccer players. Int J Sports Physiol

Perform. 2008;3: 558-62.

The Status of Young Soccer Players’ Motor Abilities Performance

609