The Gymnastic Achievement Development System

Ch. Fajar Sri Wahyuniati

, Tri Hadi Karyono

Sport Coaching Department, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Colombo Street, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Gymnastic, Achievement Development System.

Abstract: Sports achievements are achieved through various efforts in all aspects. Almost all countries make various

efforts to improve sports achievements, because in fact they realize that sports can lift up the name of the

country to the highest class. Sports achievement coaching plays an important role in the achievement of the

athletes. Coaching management in a sports club plays an important role in the athletes’ achievement. Sports

achievement coaching is a combination of skills related to planning, organizing, leadership, controlling,

budgeting, and evaluating in the context of an organization that has major products related to sports. This

study aims to evaluate the gymnastic achievement development system in Yogyakarta. This study was an

evaluation research. The subjects in this study were the gymnastic athletes, coaches, and supporting staff.

This study used a CIPP model to measure the condition of the achievement development system. A CIPP

model consists of several stages, on context, input, process, and product. The data were collected from

questionnaires and were analyzed using a descriptive analysis. The results show that gymnastic achievement

development system in Yogyakarta is at poor level. The research results from the athletes, coaches and

supporting staff indicate that the gymnastic achievement development system in Yogyakarta is still in the

poor category.

1 INTRODUCTION

Sports achievements are achieved through various

efforts in all aspects. Sports achievements require a

long period of time in the process. The achievement

phase of long-term achievement is divided into the

stages of procurement, multilateral, specifications

and high achievement. The factors influencing the

sports performance are the internal and external

factors. All factors need to be managed well so that

all stages can work well and in accordance with the

objectives. Management of sports achievement is also

called achievement sports management.

Sports achievements coaching plays an important

role in the achievement of athletes. Coaching

management in a sports club plays an important role

in the athletes’ achievement. Sports achievement

coaching is a combination of skills related to

planning, organizing, leadership, controlling,

budgeting, and evaluating in the context of an

organization that has major products related to sports

(Janet Park, 1998: 4). Sports achievements coaching

relates to the goal of the sports. The expected

achievement relates to a thing called coaching, so that

the optimal achievement can be achieved.

Achievements achieved in the golden age are the

reflection of the coaching at an early age. Exercises

for children need to consider growth, development

and overall motion development.

One of the regions in the process of improving the

athletes’ achievements is Yogyakarta. One of the

sport fields that needs to be fostered is gymnastics.

There are talented athletes in this field, but their

achievements have not been maximized.

The challenge in advancing sports in Yogyakarta

and Indonesia in general is a complex national

problem that requires thinking, planning in a

fundamental and comprehensive manner, as well as

and consistent in the implementation regard to all

kinds of obstacles. A lot of things has been done to

solve the above problem in which the opinions are

very varied covering various aspects of sports. It is

also well known that the achievements of the

Indonesian's sports related to Olympic Games are not

satisfying, if Asian Games is the benchmark.

Something must be done to shorten the gap in sports

achievements in Indonesia with those in developed

countries.

Base on the explanation, a study regarding the

evaluation of gymnastic achievement development

610

Sri Wahyuniati, C. and Karyono, T.

The Gymnastic Achievement Development System.

DOI: 10.5220/0009798806100614

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 610-614

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All r ights reserved

system in Yogyakarta is required. This issue becomes

the basis of the research to conduct a research entitled

“The Evaluation of Yogyakarta Gymanstic

Achievement System”.

2 THEORETICAL REVIEW

2.1 Development of Sports in

Developed Countries

If carried out qualitatively observations of the

development of sports in several developed countries

such as the United States, Europe, Russia and other

developed countries, it appears that there is absolute

scientific approaches to improve the athlete

achievement. There are complete sports facilities

which are not only located in big cities but also in a

small town and almost in every college. Because of

that, the intellectual, mental, and cultural abilities of

the athletes are very excellent. The athletes are the

students who in terms of age are in the group having

high intellectual and physical abilities, as well as

extensive insight in various matters.

Public appreciation of sports is generally very

good; thus, it is very meaningful for the sport

development. According to Toho Cholik Mutohir

(2004), in the United States nearly 97% of the

population shows appreciation for sports; they follow

the news, read, do actively, and compete. As a result,

the environment in the country is conducive to the

development of sports, as well as giving appropriate

awards to the good athletes. We can easily find a

coach who is dedicated, professional and knows his

athletes individually. Man to man approach is a

prerequisite way in gaining achievements at the

international level.

Another thing that is quite interesting and very

basic is that coaching has been carried out from the

beginning with a regular program. In this case, there

is no temporary training camp. This is also supported

by a very high national commitment to foster the sport

achievement with the belief that sports will be able to

lift the dignity of the nation. From the above

description, several conclusions can be drawn: 1. The

decentralized system has been running well in a

highly conducive community environment for

fostering sports achievements, 2. The award for

athletes who excel is very good and appropriate, 3.

The culture of the community is good, so that the

level of awareness of both the athletes and the

coaches for optimal achievement is very high, so that

the demand for a high level of discipline is no longer

considered as an obstacle. Studying and practicing

hard is entrenched. Therefore, they do not need to do

training camps that can cause other problems. What

has been done in each sector is an integrated training

center where physical, intellectual and cultural skills

are trained.

2.2 Sport Development Efforts in

Indonesia

In general, the condition in Indonesia is still far from

the condition of country having many sports

achievements. The situation in the area is still very

alarming. The total decentralization policies cannot

be applied evenly in the regions. Nevertheless, the

premise discussed above is a must if we want to speak

at the national and international level. If the

understanding of total decentralization has not yet

enabled its implementation, the combination of

partial decentralization with some central coaching is

an alternative that must be explored seriously; a place

with a program and atmosphere conducive to the

emergence of international athletes with

comprehensive capabilities in various fields. Places

like this can be created, among others, through an

athlete training center with excellent facilities

supported by an integrated program that has

reasonable choice and consequence.

The results of the workshop of the Indonesian

Association of Sports (ISORI) provided input in the

form of thinking as a form of commitment to the

development of sports in Indonesia, one of which is

that the development of national sports must be

explored and understood the problem and the ways to

solve it must be found. From a systemic perspective,

it is understood that the results of coaching in

competitive sports subsystems that emphasize

achievement and improvement in achievement are

directly related to other sub-systems namely physical

education sub-systems (including sports education)

and community sports subsystems. All of these

subsystems must be fostered and at the same time

formed a solid foundation of active and regular broad

participation among Indonesian people.

MF. Siregar (2004) argues that active and regular

participation is formed based on the love of sports

which then becomes the inherent part of a way of life

and culture. This is obtained, not by itself, but through

a learning process or a civilizing process. In this

connection, the implementation of physical education

and sports at the university level occupies a very

strategic position.

The Gymnastic Achievement Development System

611

2.3 Evaluation Program

Evaluation is a tool or procedure used to find out and

measure something in an atmosphere with

predetermined ways and rules. Besides using some

tests, the data can also be collected using

questionnaires, observations, and interviews or other

forms of appropriate instruments (Nurhasan, 2001: 3).

Program evaluation is a systematic investigative

activity about something valuable and valuable from

an object. Another opinion (Denzin and Lincoln,

2000: 83) says that program evaluation is oriented to

get the attention of the policy maker of the founder,

including the question about the degree to which the

program has achieved the desired goal. Decisions are

made as the indicators of performance appraisal at

each evaluation stage in three categories: low,

moderate and high.

There are many program evaluation models

developed by experts that can be used to evaluate a

program. Evaluation of the CIPP model is a concept

offered by Stufflebeam with the view that the

important purpose of evaluation is not to prove but to

improve (Stufflebeam, H McKee and B McKee,

2003: 118).

Evaluation of the CIPP model can be applied in

various fields. Nana Sudjana and Ibrahim (2004: 246)

translate each of the dimension with the following

meanings: 1) context: the situation or background that

influences the planning of the development program;

2) input: the quality of inputs that can support the

achievement of the development program; 3) process:

the implementation of the program and the use of

facilities in accordance with what has been planned;

4) product: the results achieved in the administration

of the program.

3 RESEARCH DESIGN

This research used evaluation model.

3.1 Research Subject

This study was an evaluation research. The subjects

in this study were the gymnastic athletes, coaches,

and supporting staff

3.2 Instrument and Data Collecting

Technique

The data collecting technique was questionnaire

(CIPP model). This model is a program evaluation

model that covers all components of the management

system, so that the results of the evaluation can

present information about the weaknesses and

strengths of each system component. Thus, the CIPP

model was chosen.

In the implementation of the training program, the

context component is very helpful in determining the

quality of training, while the quality of training is the

only step that must be taken to reach the peak of the

performance (achievement). Therefore, the support of

the government by providing the necessary facilities

such as standard facilities and infrastructure is

crucial. The human resource input component is

absolutely essential for the initial requirements for

fostering achievement so that it is very necessary to

input the components that meets the criteria of the

quality human resources, which will determine the

Yogyakarta coaching program.

The process component in this case was the

process of implementing the athlete selection and the

preparation and implementation of training programs

to find out how far the trainers prepare the athletes.

After the evaluation, the result will be predictable.

Product component is an embodiment of the

effectiveness of the processing of context, input and

process components. The product is also an

illustration of the quality of the coaching that has been

carried out.

3.3 Data Analysis Technique

The data analysis technique used was percentage.

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Result

4.1.1 Descriptive Analysis

The data analysis results are presented as follows:

4.1.2 Gymnastic Achievement Development

Management

The Perception of Gymnastic Achievement

Management data are described as follows.

Table 1: Perception of Gymnastic Achievement

Management.

No Category Percentage

1 Poor 33,30

2 Good 66,70

Total 100,0

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

612

According to the table above, it is known that the

category of Perception of Gymnastic Achievement

Management is on good category (66,7%).

4.1.3 Gymnastic Budget Funds

The Perception of Gymnastic Budget Funds data are

described as follows.

Table 2: Perception of Gymnastic Budget Funds.

No Category Percentage

1 Poor 66,70

2 Good 33,30

Total 100,0

According to the table above, it is known that the

category of Perception of Gymnastic budget funds is

on poor category (66,7%).

4.1.4 Government and Community Support

The Perception of Government and Community

Support data are described as follows.

Table 3: Perception of Government and Community

Support.

No Category Percentage

1 Poor 33,30

2 Good 66,70

Total 100,0

According to the table above, it is known that the

category of Perception of Government and

Community Support is on good category (66,7%).

4.1.5 Gymnastic Athlete

The Perception of Gymnastic Athlete data are

described as follows.

Table 4: Perception of Gymnastic Athlete.

No Category Percentage

1 Poor

30,00

2 Good 70,00

Total 100,0

According to the table above, it is known that the

category of Perception of Gymnastic Athlete is on

good category (70,0%).

4.1.6 Gymnastic Coaches

The Perception of Gymnastic Coaches data are

described as follows.

Table 5: Perception of Gymnastic Coaches.

No Category Percentage

1 Poor

66,70

2 Good 33,30

Total 100,0

According to the table above, it is known that the

category of Perception of Gymnastic Coaches is on

poor category (66,70%).

4.1.7 Evaluation of the Exercise Program

The data on the evaluation of the exercise program

are described as follows.

Table 6: Evaluation of the Exercise Program.

No Category Percentage

1 Poor

40,00

2 Good 60,00

Total 100,0

According to the table above, it is known that the

category of evaluation of the exercise program is on

good category (60,00%).

5 DISCUSSION

The research results indicate that gymnastic

achievement development system in Yogyakarta is at

poor level. Based on the results of data analysis, it can

be seen that in some aspects of gymnastics coaching

in Yogyakarta was still bad, related to the gymnastic

budget funds and gymnastic coaches. Both aspects

are the aspects that must be maximized. For other

aspects such as gymnastics achievement

management, government and community support,

are the aspects that are already good but not optimal

so that it can still be maximized. The good aspects are

gymnastics athlete and training program evaluation.

Based on the explanation, it can be seen that there

are still many aspects that must be addressed so that

the objectives of coaching can be achieved. Some

efforts to maximize deficiencies of each aspect need

to be done, so that the process in fostering the athlete

achievement can be maximized with a maximum

support system.

6 CONCLUSIONS

The research results indicate that the achievement

development system in Yogyakarta is at poor level.

The Gymnastic Achievement Development System

613

Research results from athletes, coaches and

supporting staff indicate that the achievement

development system in Yogyakarta is still in the poor

category.

REFERENCES

MF. Siregar. 2004. Olahraga Indonesia Bangkit dan Tatap

Masa Depan. Jakarta:Rajawali Sport.

Toho Cholik Mutohir. 2004. Olahraga dan Pembangunan

Meraih Kembali Kejayaan. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal

Olahraga Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.

Toho Cholik Mutohir. 2003. Menata Ulang Bangunan

Sistem Keolahragaan Nasional. Jakarta: Ikatan Sarjana

Olahraga Indonesia.

Nurhasan. 2001. Tes dan Pengukuran dalam Pendidikan

Jasmani. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Olahraga.

Stufflebeam, D.L. H McKee and B McKee. 2003. The CIPP

Model for Evaluation. Paper presented at the 2003

Annual Conference of the Oregon Program Evaluation

Network (OPEN). Portland, Oregon.

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2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

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